include cleanups: remove unused headers and add feature test macros

fix handling of d_name in struct dirent

basically there are 3 choices for how to implement this variable-size
string member:
1. C99 flexible array member: breaks using dirent.h with pre-C99 compiler.
2. old way: length-1 string: generates array bounds warnings in caller.
3. new way: length-NAME_MAX string. no problems, simplifies all code.

of course the usable part in the pointer returned by readdir might be
shorter than NAME_MAX+1 bytes, but that is allowed by the standard and
doesn't hurt anything.

fix errno handling in scandir:

1. saved errno was not being restored, illegally clearing errno to 0.
2. no need to backup and save errno around free; it will not touch
except perhaps when the program has already invoked UB...

initial check-in, version 0.5.0