HOL-Probability: add measurable space for trees

HOL-Probability: move stopping time from AFP/Markov_Models

HOL-Analysis: move Function Topology from AFP/Ergodict_Theory; HOL-Probability: move Essential Supremum from AFP/Lp

--HG--
rename : src/HOL/Analysis/FurtherTopology.thy => src/HOL/Analysis/Further_Topology.thy
extra : rebase_source : 5d9ccf5b9b473e52852f03459a38dfef2f5b3313

HOL-Probability: move conditional expectation from AFP/Ergodic_Theory

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : 55f4bbfc342a2532835d5bd35b92dd5cf39bc512

HOL-Probability: Projective_Limit was missing (cf. 44ce6b524ff3); tuned

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : e54fa175275703812620032fd4aebba07e6e4ff7

move measure theory from HOL-Probability to HOL-Multivariate_Analysis

--HG--
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Binary_Product_Measure.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Binary_Product_Measure.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Bochner_Integration.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Bochner_Integration.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Borel_Space.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Borel_Space.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Caratheodory.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Caratheodory.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Complete_Measure.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Complete_Measure.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Embed_Measure.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Embed_Measure.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Finite_Product_Measure.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Finite_Product_Measure.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Interval_Integral.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Interval_Integral.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Lebesgue_Integral_Substitution.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Lebesgue_Integral_Substitution.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Lebesgue_Measure.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Lebesgue_Measure.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Measurable.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Measurable.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Measure_Space.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Measure_Space.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Nonnegative_Lebesgue_Integration.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Nonnegative_Lebesgue_Integration.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Radon_Nikodym.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Radon_Nikodym.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Regularity.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Regularity.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Set_Integral.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Set_Integral.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Sigma_Algebra.thy => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/Sigma_Algebra.thy
rename : src/HOL/Probability/measurable.ML => src/HOL/Multivariate_Analysis/measurable.ML
extra : rebase_source : 30ab39c42165c1c5622833cf256065cbfff030f9

add theory of discrete subprobability distributions

Added code generation for PMFs

Added set permutations/random permutations

add the proof of the central limit theorem

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : 493d99e28392771c51f4102a11b90533880e289f
extra : amend_source : 3fb7b7c607104e57a2c3ba7f733dd570eb42fa3b

cleanup projective limit of probability distributions; proved Ionescu-Tulcea; used it to prove infinite prob. distribution

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : cffce7b3e322f3c274d9117a0dfdd311d4ba66a1

add integral substitution theorems from Manuel Eberl, Jeremy Avigad, Luke Serafin, and Sudeep Kanav

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : 8c7131ba8a4f577186bc3393e7116b70e552dd7e

add Giry monad

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : 3ceb1c0fa2e24cb05e37856566255a7b56f80af7

add measure space for (coinductive) streams

add type for probability mass functions, i.e. discrete probability distribution

properties of normal distributed random variables (by Sudeep Kanav)

add exponential and uniform distributions

generalized to copy of countable types instead of instantiation of nat for discrete topology

added projective limit;
proof is based on auxiliary type finmap::polish_space

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : 08af71f8dedbbe8cb079512c97691cc68592d86f

regularity of measures, therefore:
characterization of closure with infimum distance;
characterize of compact sets as totally bounded;
added Diagonal_Subsequence to Library;
introduced (enumerable) topological basis;
rational boxes as basis of ordered euclidean space;
moved some lemmas upwards

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : f535a1f0a613567ad927269eca5c0ba4e00f737b

reworked Probability theory

--HG--
extra : rebase_source : 04bef352ab6c7feafcf64ecca49fecffac43bb41

do not import examples Probability theory

move conditional expectation to its own theory file

Add restricted borel measure to {0 .. 1}

Add formalization of probabilistic independence for families of sets

rename Probability_Space to Probability_Measure

--HG--
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Probability_Space.thy => src/HOL/Probability/Probability_Measure.thy

add infinite product measure

reworked Probability theory: measures are not type restricted to positive extended reals

the measure valuation is again part of the measure_space type, instead of an explicit parameter to the locale;
changed syntax for simple_function, simple_integral, positive_integral, integral and RN_deriv.
introduced binder variants for simple_integral, positive_integral and integral.

Support product spaces on sigma finite measures.
Introduce the almost everywhere quantifier.
Introduce 'morphism' theorems for most constants.
Prove uniqueness of measures on cut stable generators.
Prove uniqueness of the Radon-Nikodym derivative.
Removed misleading suffix from borel_space and lebesgue_space.
Use product spaces to introduce Fubini on the Lebesgue integral.
Combine Euclidean_Lebesgue and Lebesgue_Measure.
Generalize theorems about mutual information and entropy to arbitrary probability spaces.
Remove simproc mult_log as it does not work with interpretations.
Introduce completion of measure spaces.
Change type of sigma.
Introduce dynkin systems.

--HG--
rename : src/HOL/Probability/Borel.thy => src/HOL/Probability/Borel_Space.thy

Added Information theory and Example: dining cryptographers

Added product measure space

Add Lebesgue integral and probability space.

Inserted missing theory dependency

eliminated hard tabulators;

New theory Probability, which contains a development of measure theory