optimize scalbn family

the fscale instruction is slow everywhere, probably because it
involves a costly and unnecessary integer truncation operation that
ends up being a no-op in common usages. instead, construct a floating
point scale value with integer arithmetic and simply multiply by it,
when possible.

for float and double, this is always possible by going to the
next-larger type. we use some cheap but effective saturating
arithmetic tricks to make sure even very large-magnitude exponents
fit. for long double, if the scaling exponent is too large to fit in
the exponent of a long double value, we simply fallback to the
expensive fscale method.

on atom cpu, these changes speed up scalbn by over 30%. (min rdtsc
timing dropped from 110 cycles to 70 cycles.)

asm for scalbn family

unlike some implementations, these functions perform the equivalent of
gcc's -ffloat-store on the result before returning. this is necessary
to raise underflow/overflow/inexact exceptions, perform the correct
rounding with denormals, etc.