tools api fs: Make xxx__mountpoint() more scalable

The xxx_mountpoint() interface provided by fs.c finds mount points for
common pseudo filesystems. The first time xxx_mountpoint() is invoked,
it scans the mount table (/proc/mounts) looking for a match. If found,
it is cached. The price to scan /proc/mounts is paid once if the mount
is found.

When the mount point is not found, subsequent calls to xxx_mountpoint()
scan /proc/mounts over and over again. There is no caching.

This causes a scaling issue in perf record with hugeltbfs__mountpoint().
The function is called for each process found in
synthesize__mmap_events(). If the machine has thousands of processes
and if the /proc/mounts has many entries this could cause major overhead
in perf record. We have observed multi-second slowdowns on some
configurations.

As an example on a laptop:

Before:

$ sudo umount /dev/hugepages
$ strace -e trace=openat -o /tmp/tt perf record -a ls
$ fgrep mounts /tmp/tt
285

After:

$ sudo umount /dev/hugepages
$ strace -e trace=openat -o /tmp/tt perf record -a ls
$ fgrep mounts /tmp/tt
1

One could argue that the non-caching in case the moint point is not
found is intentional. That way subsequent calls may discover a moint
point if the sysadmin mounts the filesystem. But the same argument could
be made against caching the mount point. It could be unmounted causing
errors. It all depends on the intent of the interface. This patch
assumes it is expected to scan /proc/mounts once. The patch documents
the caching behavior in the fs.h header file.

An alternative would be to just fix perf record. But it would solve the
problem with hugetlbs__mountpoint() but there could be similar issues
(possibly down the line) with other xxx_mountpoint() calls in perf or
other tools.

Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrey Zhizhikin <andrey.z@gmail.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200402154357.107873-3-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Move cgroupsfs_find_mountpoint()

Move it from tools/perf/util/cgroup.c as it can be used by other places.
Note that cgroup filesystem is different from others since it's usually
mounted separately (in v1) for each subsystem.

I just copied the code with a little modification to pass a name of
subsystem.

Suggested-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200127100031.1368732-1-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add sysfs__read_xll function

Adding sysfs__read_xll function to be able to read sysfs files with hex
numbers in, which do not have 0x prefix.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180206181813.10943-6-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add filename__read_xll function

Adding filename__read_xll function to be able to read files with hex
numbers in, which do not have 0x prefix.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180206181813.10943-5-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

tools lib api fs: Add sysfs__write_int function

Add sysfs__write_int() to ease up writing int to sysfs. New interface
is:

int sysfs__write_int(const char *entry, int value);

Also, introducing filename__write_int() which is useful for new helpers
to write sysctl values.

Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <Kan.liang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert Elliott <elliott@hpe.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495825538-5230-2-git-send-email-kan.liang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Introduce sysfs__read_bool

Will be used in a upcoming patch warning about PERF_RECORD_AUX data
gaps, reading the "module/kvm_intel/parameters/vmm_exclusive" sysfs
entry.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vince@deater.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/8760j941ig.fsf@ashishki-desk.ger.corp.intel.com
[ split from a larger patch ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add bpf_fs filesystem detector

Allow mounting of the BPF filesystem at /sys/fs/bpf.

Signed-off-by: Joe Stringer <joe@ovn.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170126212001.14103-6-joe@ovn.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add hugetlbfs filesystem detector

Detect hugetlbfs. hugetlbfs__mountpoint() will be used during recording
to help identifying hugetlb mmaps: which should be recognized as anon
mapping.

Signed-off-by: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Nilay Vaish <nilayvaish@gmail.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Hou Pengyang <houpengyang@huawei.com>
Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473137909-142064-3-git-send-email-wangnan0@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add helper to read string from procfs file

To read things like /proc/self/comm.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-ztpkbmseidt0hq2psr46o0h9@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add sysfs__read_str function

Adding sysfs__read_str function to ease up reading string files from
sysfs. New interface is:

int sysfs__read_str(const char *entry, char **buf, size_t *sizep);

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455465826-8426-4-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Adopt filename__read_str from perf

We already moved similar functions in here, also it'll be useful for
sysfs__read_str addition in following patch.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455465826-8426-3-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Introduce sysfs__read_{int,ull}()

To read either an int or an unsigned long long value from the given
file.

E.g.:

$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq
3200000
$ ./sysfs__read_ull
devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq=3200000
$

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-4a12m4d5k8m4qgc1vguocvei@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add FSTYPE__configured() method

Add FSTYPE__configured() (where FSTYPE is one of sysfs, procfs, debugfs,
tracefs) interface that returns bool state of the filesystem mount:

true - mounted, false - not mounted

It will not try to mount the filesystem.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1441180605-24737-13-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add FSTYPE__mount() method

Adding FSTYPE__mount (where FSTYPE is, as of now, one of sysfs, procfs,
debugfs, tracefs) method that tries to mount the filesystem in case no
mount of FSTYPE is found.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1441180605-24737-12-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add tracefs into fs.c object

Adding tracefs support into fs.c framework. It'll replace the tracefs
object functionality in following patches.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1441180605-24737-11-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add debugfs into fs.c object

Adding debugfs support into fs.c framework. It'll replace the debugfs
object functionality in following patches.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1441180605-24737-10-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Move SYSFS_MAGIC PROC_SUPER_MAGIC into fs.c

There's no need to export SYSFS_MAGIC PROC_SUPER_MAGIC in fs.h. Leave
them in the fs.c.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-b2cd1bb7yvbazq5oua24oz18@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1441180605-24737-9-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib api fs: Add STR and PATH_MAX macros to fs object

We're going to get rid of findfs.h in following patches, but we'll still
need these macros.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1441180605-24737-8-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib fs: Add sysctl__read_int helper

Will come in handy for tools, see next patches.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-nay9j62ztxpytt4ew1tkl4op@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools lib fs: Adopt filename__read_int from tools/perf/

Will be useful for new helpers to read sysctl values.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

perf tools: Move fs.* to lib/api/fs/

Move to generic library and kill magic.h as it is needed only in fs.h.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <stfomichev@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1386605664-24041-3-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>