License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

ALSA: bebob: rename file with vendor-dependent code so that it's for Yamaha/Terratec

Once Yamaha and Terratec cooperated to develop some audio and music units
on IEEE 1394 bus. On these models, the same embedded board is used, and
similar configurations are also applied.

This commit renames file for Yamaha's configuration so that it's for both
of Yamaha and Terratec.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: fireworks/bebob/oxfw/dice: enable to make as built-in

When committed to upstream, these four modules had wrong entries for
Makefile. This forces them to be loadable modules even if they're set
as built-in.

This commit fixes this bug.

Fixes: b5b04336015e('ALSA: fireworks: Add skelton for Fireworks based devices')
Fixes: fd6f4b0dc167('ALSA: bebob: Add skelton for BeBoB based devices')
Fixes: 1a4e39c2e5ca('ALSA: oxfw: Move to its own directory')
Fixes: 14ff6a094815('ALSA: dice: Move file to its own directory')
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add support for M-Audio usual Firewire series

This commit allows this driver to support some models which M-Audio produces
with DM1000/DM1000E with usual firmware. They are:
- Firewire 410
- Firewire AudioPhile
- Firewire Solo
- Ozonic
- NRV10
- FirewireLightBridge

According to a person who worked in BridgeCo, some models are produced with
'Pre-BeBoB'. This means that these products were released before BeBoB was
officially produced, and later BeBoB specification was formed. So these models
have some quirks.

M-Audio usual firmware quirks:
- Just after powering on, 'Firewire 410' waits to download firmware. This
state is changed when receiving cue. Then bus reset is generated and the
device is recognized as a different model with the uploaded firmware.
- 'Firewire Audiophile' also waits to download firmware but its
vendor id/model id is the same as the one after loading firmware.
- The information of channel mapping for MIDI conformant data channel is
invalid against BridgeCo specification.

This commit adds some codes for these quirks but don't support to upload
firmware.

This commit also adds specific operations to get metering information. The
metering information also includes status of clock synchronization if the model
supports to switch source of clock.

The specification of FirewireLightBridge is unknown. So in this time, normal
operations are applied for this model.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add support for Focusrite Saffire/SaffirePro series

This commit allows this driver to support all of models which Focusrite
produces with DM1000/BeBoB. They are:
- Saffire
- Saffire LE
- SaffirePro 10 I/O
- SaffirePro 26 I/O

This commit adds Focusrite specific operations:
1. Get source of clock
2. Get/Set sampling frequency
3. Get metering information

The driver uses these functionalities to read/write specific address by async
transaction.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add support for Yamaha GO series

This commit allows this driver to support all of models which Yamaha produced
with DM1000/BeBoB. They are:
- GO44
- GO46

This commit adds Yamaha specific operations. To get source of clock, AV/C Audio
Subunit command is used.

I note that their appearances are similar to some models of TerraTec; 'Go44' is
similar to 'PHASE 24 FW' and 'GO46' is similar to 'PHASE X24 FW'. But their
combination of Audio/Music subunits is a bit different.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add support for Terratec PHASE, EWS series and Aureon

This commit allows this driver to support all of models which Terratec produced
with DM1000/BeBoB. They are:
- PHASE 24 FW
- PHASE X24 FW
- PHASE 88 Rack FW
- EWS MIC2
- EWS MIC4
- Aureon 7.1 Firewire

For Phase series, this commit adds a Terratec specific operation. To get source
of clock. AV/C Audio Subunit command is used.

For EWS series and Aureon, this module uses normal operations.

Tested-by: Maximilian Engelhardt <maxi@daemonizer.de> (PHASE 24 FW)
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Prepare for device specific operations

This commit is for some devices which have its own operations or quirks.

Many functionality should be implemented in user land. Then this commit adds
functionality related to stream such as sampling frequency or clock source. For
help to debug, this commit adds the functionality to get metering information
if it's available.

To help these functionalities, this commit adds some AV/C commands defined in
'AV/C Audio Subunit Specification (1394TA).

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add hwdep interface

This interface is designed for mixer/control application. By using hwdep
interface, the application can get information about firewire node, can
lock/unlock kernel streaming and can get notification at starting/stopping
kernel streaming.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add PCM interface

This commit adds a functionality to capture/playback PCM samples.

When AMDTP stream is already running for PCM or the source of clock is not
internal, available sampling rate is limited at current one.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add MIDI interface

This commit adds a functionality to capture/playback MIDI messages.

When no AMDTP streams are running, this module starts AMDTP stream at current
sampling rate for MIDI substream.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add proc interface for debugging purpose

This commit adds proc interface to get these information for debugging:
- firmware information
- stream formation
- current clock source and sampling rate

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add commands and connections/streams management

This commit adds management functionality for connections and streams.
BeBoB uses CMP to manage connections and uses AMDTP for streams.

This commit also adds some BridgeCo's AV/C extension commands. There are some
BridgeCo's AV/C extension commands but this commit just uses below commands
to get device's capability and status:

1.Extended Plug Info commands
- Plug Channel Position Specific Data
- Plug Type Specific Data
- Cluster(Section) Info Specific Data
- Plug Input Specific Data
2.Extended Stream Format Information commands
- Extended Stream Format Information Command - List Request

For Extended Plug Info commands for Cluster Info Specific Data, I pick up
'section' instead of 'cluster' from document to prevent from misunderstanding
because 'cluster' is also used in IEC 61883-6.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: bebob: Add skelton for BeBoB based devices

This commit adds a new driver for BeBoB based devices with no specific
operations. Currently this driver just create/remove card instance according
to callbacks.

BeBoB is 'BridgeCo enhanced Breakout Box'. This is installed to firewire
devices with DM1000/DM1100/DM1500 chipset. It gives common way for host
system to handle BeBoB based devices.

Current supported devices:
- Edirol FA-66/FA-101
- PreSonus FIREBOX/FIREPOD/FP10/Inspire1394
- BridgeCo RDAudio1/Audio5
- Mackie Onyx 1220/1620/1640 (Firewire I/O Card)
- Mackie d.2 (Firewire Option)
- Stanton FinalScratch 2 (ScratchAmp)
- Tascam IF-FW DM
- Behringer XENIX UFX 1204/1604
- Behringer Digital Mixer X32 series (X-UF Card)
- Apogee Rosetta 200/Rosetta 400 (X-FireWire card)
- Apogee DA-16X/AD-16X/DD-16X (X-FireWire card)
- Apogee Ensemble
- ESI Quotafire610
- AcousticReality eARMasterOne
- CME MatrixKFW
- Phonix Helix Board 12 MkII/18 MkII/24 MkII
- Phonic Helix Board 12 Universal/18 Universal/24 Universal
- Lynx Aurora 8/16 (LT-FW)
- ICON FireXon
- PrismSound Orpheus/ADA-8XR

Devices possible to be supported if identifying IDs:
- Apogee Mini-Me Firewire/Mini-DAC Firewire
- Behringer F-Control Audio 610/1616
- Cakewalk Sonar Power Studio 66
- CME UF400e
- ESI Quotafire XL
- Infrasonic DewX/Windy6
- Mackie Digital X Bus x.200/400
- Phonic Helix Board 12/18/24
- Phonic FireFly 202/302
- Rolf Spuler Firewire Guitar

Tested-by: David Henningsson <david.henningsson@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>