License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

i8253: Make pcsp sound driver use the shared i8253_lock

Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Acked-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110601180610.532642190@duck.linux-mips.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

i8253: Create linux/i8253.h and use it in all 8253 related files

Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110601180610.054254048@duck.linux-mips.net
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

arch/arm/mach-footbridge/isa-timer.c | 2 +-
arch/mips/cobalt/time.c | 2 +-
arch/mips/jazz/irq.c | 2 +-
arch/mips/kernel/i8253.c | 2 +-
arch/mips/mti-malta/malta-time.c | 2 +-
arch/mips/sgi-ip22/ip22-time.c | 2 +-
arch/mips/sni/time.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kernel/i8253.c | 2 +-
arch/x86/kernel/time.c | 2 +-
drivers/block/hd.c | 2 +-
drivers/clocksource/i8253.c | 2 +-
drivers/input/gameport/gameport.c | 2 +-
drivers/input/joystick/analog.c | 2 +-
drivers/input/misc/pcspkr.c | 2 +-
include/linux/i8253.h | 11 +++++++++++
sound/drivers/pcsp/pcsp.h | 2 +-
19 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

i8253: Convert i8253_lock to raw_spinlock

i8253_lock needs to be a real spinlock in preempt-rt, i.e. it can
not be converted to a sleeping lock.

Convert it to raw_spinlock and fix up all users.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
LKML-Reference: <20100217163751.030764372@linutronix.de>

ALSA: snd-pcsp: add nopcm mode

Currently, if the high-res timers are unavailable, snd-pcsp does not
initialize. People who choose it over pcspkr, loose their console beeps
in that case and get annoyed.
With this patch, the console beeps remain regardless of the high-res
timers. Additionally, the "nopcm" modparam is added to forcibly
disable the PCM capabilities of the driver.

Signed-off-by: Stas Sergeev <stsp@aknet.ru>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

time: move PIT_TICK_RATE to linux/timex.h

PIT_TICK_RATE is currently defined in four architectures, but in three
different places. While linux/timex.h is not the perfect place for it, it
is still a reasonable replacement for those drivers that traditionally use
asm/timex.h to get CLOCK_TICK_RATE and expect it to be the PIT frequency.

Note that for Alpha, the actual value changed from 1193182UL to 1193180UL.
This is unlikely to make a difference, and probably can only improve
accuracy. There was a discussion on the correct value of CLOCK_TICK_RATE
a few years ago, after which every existing instance was getting changed
to 1193182. According to the specification, it should be
1193181.818181...

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ALSA: pcsp - Fix starting the stream with HRTIMER_CB_IRQSAFE_UNLOCK

With the callback mode HRTIMER_CB_IRQSAFE_UNLOCK, the start of the
stream with zero delay doesn't work. Since IRQSAFE mode is removed,
we have to change the pcsp start-up code.

This patch splits the callback function to two parts, the triggering
of the port and the calculation of the expire time, and the update of
the ALSA PCM core. The first part is called both from the trigger-start
and the hrtimer callback while the latter is handled only in the
hrtimer callback.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: pcsp - Fix locking messes in snd-pcsp

snd-pcsp driver takes chip->substream_lock together with PCM substream
lock. These are even mixed up with hrtimer's lock, resulting in messy
lock depencies. Right now, snd-pcsp driver resolves the deadlock by
using HRTIMER_CB_SOFTIRQ. However, this isn't nice for a really fast
path like bit-flipping.

This patch introduces a tasklet for PCM period handling so that the
hrtimer callback can be handled fast. This also reduce the use of
chip->substream_lock to avoid deadlocks. It's still used in pointer
callback, but even this could be removed with a proper barrier.

Another good solution is to introduce async trigger callback. But,
this will involve with a major rewrite of the PCM core code, so I
take first this easy fix.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] snd-pcsp - fix pcsp_treble_info() to honour an item number

This solves the problem with mixers wrongly displaying the PWM freq.

Signed-off-by: Stas Sergeev <stsp@aknet.ru>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] Add PC-speaker sound driver

Added PC-speaker sound driver (snd-pcsp).

Signed-off-by: Stas Sergeev <stsp@aknet.ru>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>