ALSA: mixer_oss: Use guard() for locking

We can simplify the code gracefully with new guard() macro and co for
automatic cleanup of locks.

Only the code refactoring, and no functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240227085306.9764-8-tiwai@suse.de

ALSA: mixer_oss: ump: Use automatic cleanup of kfree()

There are common patterns where a temporary buffer is allocated and
freed at the exit, and those can be simplified with the recent cleanup
mechanism via __free(kfree).

No functional changes, only code refactoring.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240223084241.3361-4-tiwai@suse.de

ALSA: control: Introduce unlocked version for snd_ctl_find_*() helpers

For reducing the unnecessary use of controls_rwsem in the drivers,
this patch adds a new variant for snd_ctl_find_*() helpers:
snd_ctl_find_id_locked() and snd_ctl_find_numid_locked() look for a
kctl element inside the card->controls_rwsem -- that is, doing the
very same as what snd_ctl_find_id() and snd_ctl_find_numid() did until
now. snd_ctl_find_id() and snd_ctl_find_numid() remain same,
i.e. still unlocked version, but they will be switched to locked
version once after all callers are replaced.

The patch also replaces the calls of snd_ctl_find_id() and
snd_ctl_find_numid() in a few places; all of those are places where we
know that the functions are called properly with controls_rwsem held.
All others are without rwsem (although they should have been).

After this patch, we'll turn on the locking in snd_ctl_find_id() and
snd_ctl_find_numid() to be more race-free.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230718141304.1032-10-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: mixer: fix deadlock in snd_mixer_oss_set_volume

In commit 411cef6adfb3 ("ALSA: mixer: oss: Fix racy access to slots")
added mutex protection in snd_mixer_oss_set_volume(). Second
mutex_lock() in same function looks like typo, fix it.

Reported-by: syzbot+ace149a75a9a0a399ac7@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 411cef6adfb3 ("ALSA: mixer: oss: Fix racy access to slots")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Skripkin <paskripkin@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211024140315.16704-1-paskripkin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: mixer: oss: Fix racy access to slots

The OSS mixer can reassign the mapping slots dynamically via proc
file. Although the addition and deletion of those slots are protected
by mixer->reg_mutex, the access to slots aren't, hence this may cause
UAF when the slots in use are deleted concurrently.

This patch applies the mixer->reg_mutex in all appropriate code paths
(i.e. the ioctl functions) that may access slots.

Reported-by: syzbot+9988f17cf72a1045a189@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reviewed-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/00000000000036adc005ceca9175@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211020164846.922-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: oss: Fix assignment in if condition

There are a few places doing assignments in if condition in ALSA PCM
and OSS emulation layers, which is a bad coding style that may confuse
readers and occasionally lead to bugs.

This patch is merely for coding-style fixes, no functional changes.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210608140540.17885-56-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: Convert strlcpy to strscpy when return value is unused

strlcpy is deprecated. see: Documentation/process/deprecated.rst

Change the calls that do not use the strlcpy return value to the
preferred strscpy.

Done with cocci script:

@@
expression e1, e2, e3;
@@

- strlcpy(
+ strscpy(
e1, e2, e3);

This cocci script leaves the instances where the return value is
used unchanged.

After this patch, sound/ has 3 uses of strlcpy() that need to be
manually inspected for conversion and changed one day.

$ git grep -w strlcpy sound/
sound/usb/card.c: len = strlcpy(card->longname, s, sizeof(card->longname));
sound/usb/mixer.c: return strlcpy(buf, p->name, buflen);
sound/usb/mixer.c: return strlcpy(buf, p->names[index], buflen);

Miscellenea:

o Remove trailing whitespace in conversion of sound/core/hwdep.c

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=wgfRnXz0W3D37d01q3JFkr_i_uTL=V6A6G1oUZcprmknw@mail.gmail.com/

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/22b393d1790bb268769d0bab7bacf0866dcb0c14.camel@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: oss: Use DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST() instead of open-coding it

Use DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST() instead of open-coding it. This documents intent
and makes it more clear what is going on for the casual reviewer.

Generated using the following the Coccinelle semantic patch.

// <smpl>
@@
expression x, y;
@@
-((x) + ((y) / 2)) / (y)
+DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST(x, y)
// </smpl>

Signed-off-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201223172229.781-13-lars@metafoo.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: oss: More constifications

Apply const prefix to the static tables for strings and formats.

Just for minor optimization and no functional changes.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200105144823.29547-41-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: mixer: oss: Constify snd_mixer_oss_assign_table definition

The snd_mixer_oss_assign_table is read-only, and can it be declared as
const.

There should be no functional changes by this patch.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200103081714.9560-32-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 156

Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):

this program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify
it under the terms of the gnu general public license as published by
the free software foundation either version 2 of the license or at
your option any later version this program is distributed in the
hope that it will be useful but without any warranty without even
the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose see the gnu general public license for more details you
should have received a copy of the gnu general public license along
with this program if not write to the free software foundation inc
59 temple place suite 330 boston ma 02111 1307 usa

extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier

GPL-2.0-or-later

has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1334 file(s).

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Reviewed-by: Richard Fontana <rfontana@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190527070033.113240726@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

ALSA: core: Don't refer to snd_cards array directly

The snd_cards[] array holds the card pointers that have been currently
registered, and it's exported for the external modules that may need
to refer a card object. But accessing to this array can be racy
against the driver probe or removal, as the card registration or free
may happen concurrently.

This patch gets rid of the direct access to snd_cards[] array and
provides a helper function to give the card object from the index
number with a refcount management. Then the caller can access to the
given card object safely, and releases it via snd_card_unref().

While we're at it, add a proper comment to snd_card_unref() and make
it an inlined function for type-safety, too.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

sound: Use octal not symbolic permissions

Convert the S_<FOO> symbolic permissions to their octal equivalents as
using octal and not symbolic permissions is preferred by many as more
readable.

see: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/8/2/1945

Done with automated conversion via:
$ ./scripts/checkpatch.pl -f --types=SYMBOLIC_PERMS --fix-inplace <files...>

Miscellanea:

o Wrapped one multi-line call to a single line

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Acked-by: Vinod Koul <vkoul@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: core: Follow standard EXPORT_SYMBOL() declarations

Just a tidy up to follow the standard EXPORT_SYMBOL*() declarations
in order to improve grep-ability.

- Move EXPORT_SYMBOL*() to the position right after its definition
- Remove superfluous blank line before EXPORT_SYMBOL*() lines

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: Fix compat_ioctl handling for OSS emulations

The ALSA PCM, mixer and sequencer OSS emulations provide the 32bit
compatible ioctl, but they just call the 64bit native ioctl as is.
Although this works in most cases, passing the argument value as-is
isn't guaranteed to work on all architectures. We need to convert it
via compat_ptr() instead.

This patch addresses the missing conversions. Since all relevant
ioctls in these functions take the argument as a pointer, we do the
pointer conversion in each compat_ioctl and pass it as a 64bit value
to the native ioctl.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: oss: underflow in snd_mixer_oss_proc_write()

We cap the upper bound of "idx" but not the negative side. Let's make
it unsigned to fix this.

Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: replace CONFIG_PROC_FS with CONFIG_SND_PROC_FS

We may disable proc fs only for sound part, to reduce ALSA
memory footprint. So add CONFIG_SND_PROC_FS and replace the
old CONFIG_PROC_FSs in alsa code.

With sound proc fs disabled, we can save about 9KB memory
size on X86_64 platform.

Signed-off-by: Jie Yang <yang.jie@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: core: Drop superfluous error/debug messages after malloc failures

The kernel memory allocators already report the errors when the
requested allocation fails, thus we don't need to warn it again in
each caller side.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: oss: Use standard printk helpers

Use dev_err() & co as much as possible. If not available (no device
assigned at the calling point), use pr_xxx() helpers instead.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: Drop unused name argument in snd_register_oss_device()

The last argument, name, of snd_oss_register_device() is nowhere
referred in the function in the current code. Let's drop it.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: Fix card refcount unbalance

There are uncovered cases whether the card refcount introduced by the
commit a0830dbd isn't properly increased or decreased:
- OSS PCM and mixer success paths
- When lookup function gets NULL

This patch fixes these places.

Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50251

Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: Add a reference counter to card instance

For more strict protection for wild disconnections, a refcount is
introduced to the card instance, and let it up/down when an object is
referred via snd_lookup_*() in the open ops.

The free-after-last-close check is also changed to check this refcount
instead of the empty list, too.

Reported-by: Matthieu CASTET <matthieu.castet@parrot.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: fix possible memory leak in snd_mixer_oss_build_input()

uinfo has been allocated in this function and should be
freed before leaving from the error handling cases.

spatch with a semantic match is used to found this problem.
(http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)

Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

sound: Add module.h to the previously silent sound users

Lots of sound drivers were getting module.h via the implicit presence
of it in <linux/device.h> but we are going to clean that up. So
fix up those users now.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>

ALSA: oss-mixer - use strlcpy() instead strcpy()

This is mostly a static checker fix more than anything else. We're
copying from a 64 char buffer into a 44 char buffer.

The 64 character buffer is str[] in snd_mixer_oss_build_test_all().
The call tree is:
snd_mixer_oss_build_test_all()
-> snd_mixer_oss_build_test()
-> snd_mixer_oss_build_test().

We never actually do fill str[] buffer all the way to 64 characters.
The longest string is:
sprintf(str, "%s Playback Switch", ptr->name);
ptr->name is a 32 character buffer so 32 plus 16 characters for
" Playback Switch" still puts us over the 44 limit from "id.name".

Most likely ptr->name never gets filled to the limit, but we can't
really change the size of that buffer so lets just use strlcpy() here
and be safe.

Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: core: sparse cleanups

Change the core code where sparse complains. In most cases, this means
just adding annotations to confirm that we indeed want to do the dirty
things we're doing.

Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: OSS mixer emulation - fix locking

Fix mutex release and cleanup some locking code.

Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>

sound: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: core - Define llseek fops

Set no_llseek to llseek file ops of each sound component (but for hwdep).
This avoids the implicit BKL invocation via generic_file_llseek() used
as default when fops.llseek is NULL.

Also call nonseekable_open() at each open ops to ensure the file flags
have no seek bit.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: rename "PC Speaker" controls to "Speaker"

To unify control names, rename "PC Speaker" to "Speaker" for PPC ALSA drivers.

Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: rename "PC Speaker" and "PC Beep" controls to "Beep"

To avoid confusion in control names for the standard analog PC Beep generator
using a small Internal PC Speaker, rename all related "PC Speaker" and "PC
Beep" controls to "Beep" only. This name is more universal and can be also
used on more platforms without confusion.

Introduce also "Internal Speaker" in ControlNames.txt for systems with
full-featured build-in internal speaker.

Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: Add const prefix to proc helper functions

Add appropriate const prefix to char * arguments in proc helper functions.
Also fixed the caller side to be proper const pointers.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: oss - volume control for CSWITCH and CROUTE

Added an else part to check
SNDRV_MIXER_OSS_PRESENT_CVOLUME for MIC (slot 7)
in commit 36c7b833e5d2501142a371e4e75281d3a29fbd6b

Similarly, checks and volume control is required for
SNDRV_MIXER_OSS_PRESENT_CSWITCH and SNDRV_MIXER_OSS_PRESENT_CROUTE
as well.

Signed-off-by: Deepika Makhija <deepika.makhija@einfochips.com>
Signed-off-by: Viral Mehta <viral.mehta@einfochips.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: oss-mixer - Fixes recording gain control

At the time of initialization, SNDRV_MIXER_OSS_PRESENT_PVOLUME bit is not
set for MIC (slot 7).
So, the same should not be checked when an application tries to do gain
control for audio recording devices.

Just check slot->present for SNDRV_MIXER_OSS_PRESENT_CVOLUME independently.
Verified with a simple application which opens /dev/dsp for recording and
/dev/mixer for volume control.

Have tested two usb audio mic devices.

Signed-off-by: Viral Mehta <viral.mehta@einfochips.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA: Kill snd_assert() in sound/core/*

Kill snd_assert() in sound/core/*, either removed or replaced with
if () with snd_BUG_ON().

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>

[ALSA] Add more fallbacks to OSS PHONEOUT mixer map

Added more fallbacks to OSS PHONEOUT mixer mapping. This corresponds
to the speaker output in general, so now "Mono" and "Speaker" are
assigned.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] Remove sound/driver.h

This header file exists only for some hacks to adapt alsa-driver
tree. It's useless for building in the kernel. Let's move a few
lines in it to sound/core.h and remove it.
With this patch, sound/driver.h isn't removed but has just a single
compile warning to include it. This should be really killed in
future.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>

snd_mixer_oss_build_input(): fix for __you_cannot_kmalloc_that_much failure with gcc-3.2

Rework this functions so that gcc-3.2 can successfully perform
constant-folding.

Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[ALSA] Changed Jaroslav Kysela's e-mail from perex@suse.cz to perex@perex.cz


Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>

header cleaning: don't include smp_lock.h when not used

Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed.
Suggested by Al Viro.

Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc,
sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs).

Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[PATCH] mark struct file_operations const 9

Many struct file_operations in the kernel can be "const". Marking them const
moves these to the .rodata section, which avoids false sharing with potential
dirty data. In addition it'll catch accidental writes at compile time to
these shared resources.

Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[PATCH] getting rid of all casts of k[cmz]alloc() calls

Run this:

#!/bin/sh
for f in $(grep -Erl "\([^\)]*\) *k[cmz]alloc" *) ; do
echo "De-casting $f..."
perl -pi -e "s/ ?= ?\([^\)]*\) *(k[cmz]alloc) *\(/ = \1\(/" $f
done

And then go through and reinstate those cases where code is casting pointers
to non-pointers.

And then drop a few hunks which conflicted with outstanding work.

Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>, Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Paul Fulghum <paulkf@microgate.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[ALSA] Unregister device files at disconnection

Orignally proposed by Sam Revitch <sam.revitch@gmail.com>.
Unregister device files at disconnection to avoid the futher accesses.
Also, the dev_unregister callback is removed and replaced with the
combination of disconnect + free.
A new function snd_card_free_when_closed() is introduced, which is
used in USB disconnect callback.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>

[ALSA] Fix disconnection of proc interface

- Add the linked list to each proc entry to enable a single-shot
disconnection (unregister)
- Deprecate snd_info_unregister(), use snd_info_free_entry()
- Removed NULL checks of snd_info_free_entry()

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>

[ALSA] Conversions from kmalloc+memset to k(z|c)alloc

sound: Conversions from kmalloc+memset to k(c|z)alloc.

Signed-off-by: Panagiotis Issaris <takis@issaris.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>

[ALSA] Remove unneeded read/write_size fields in proc text ops

Remove unneeded read/write_size fields in proc text ops.
snd_info_set_text_ops() is fixed, too.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] semaphore -> mutex (core part)

Semaphore to mutex conversion.

The conversion was generated via scripts, and the result was validated
automatically via a script as well.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] Optimize for config without PROC_FS (seq and oss parts)

Modules: ALSA<-OSS emulation,ALSA sequencer,ALSA<-OSS sequencer

Optimize the code when compiled without CONFIG_PROC_FS (in seq and oss
emulation parts).

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] dynamic minors (3/6): store device-specific object pointers dynamically

Instead of storing the pointers to the device-specific structures in an
array, put them into the struct snd_minor, and look them up dynamically.

This makes the device type modules independent of the minor number
encoding.

Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>

[ALSA] dynamic minors (1/6): store device type in struct snd_minor

Instead of a comment string, store the device type in the snd_minor
structure. This makes snd_minor more flexible, and has the nice side
effect that we don't need anymore to create a separate snd_minor
template for registering a device but can pass the file_operations
directly to snd_register_device().

Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>

[ALSA] Remove xxx_t typedefs: Mixer OSS-emulation

Modules: ALSA<-OSS emulation

Remove xxx_t typedefs from the core mixer OSS-emulation codes.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] Add missing KERN_* prefix

Modules: ALSA<-OSS emulation,USB generic driver,USB USX2Y

Added missing KERN_* prefix to printk.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] Remove snd_runtime_check() macro

Remove snd_runtime_check() macro.
This macro worsens the readability of codes. They should be either
normal if() or removable asserts.

Also, the assert displays stack-dump, instead of only the last caller
pointer.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[ALSA] Replace with kzalloc() - core stuff

Control Midlevel,ALSA Core,HWDEP Midlevel,PCM Midlevel,RawMidi Midlevel
Timer Midlevel,ALSA<-OSS emulation
Replace kcalloc(1,..) with kzalloc().

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

[PATCH] create a kstrdup library function

This patch creates a new kstrdup library function and changes the "local"
implementations in several places to use this function.

Most of the changes come from the sound and net subsystems. The sound part
had already been acknowledged by Takashi Iwai and the net part by David S.
Miller.

I left UML alone for now because I would need more time to read the code
carefully before making changes there.

Signed-off-by: Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Linux-2.6.12-rc2

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!