gcc-plugins: randstruct: Update code comment in relayout_struct()

Update code comment to clarify that the only element whose layout is
not randomized is a proper C99 flexible-array member. This update is
complementary to commit 1ee60356c2dc ("gcc-plugins: randstruct: Only
warn about true flexible arrays")

Signed-off-by: "Gustavo A. R. Silva" <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/ZWJr2MWDjXLHE8ap@work
Fixes: 1ee60356c2dc ("gcc-plugins: randstruct: Only warn about true flexible arrays")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

gcc-plugins: randstruct: Only warn about true flexible arrays

The randstruct GCC plugin tried to discover "fake" flexible arrays
to issue warnings about them in randomized structs. In the future
LSM overhead reduction series, it would be legal to have a randomized
struct with a 1-element array, and this should _not_ be treated as a
flexible array, especially since commit df8fc4e934c1 ("kbuild: Enable
-fstrict-flex-arrays=3"). Disable the 0-sized and 1-element array
discovery logic in the plugin, but keep the "true" flexible array check.

Cc: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202311021532.iBwuZUZ0-lkp@intel.com/
Fixes: df8fc4e934c1 ("kbuild: Enable -fstrict-flex-arrays=3")
Reviewed-by: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com>
Acked-by: "Gustavo A. R. Silva" <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231104204334.work.160-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

randstruct: Fix gcc-plugin performance mode to stay in group

The performance mode of the gcc-plugin randstruct was shuffling struct
members outside of the cache-line groups. Limit the range to the
specified group indexes.

Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Lukas Loidolt <e1634039@student.tuwien.ac.at>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/f3ca77f0-e414-4065-83a5-ae4c4d25545d@student.tuwien.ac.at
Fixes: 313dd1b62921 ("gcc-plugins: Add the randstruct plugin")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

gcc-plugins: use KERNELVERSION for plugin version

Commit 61f60bac8c05 ("gcc-plugins: Change all version strings match
kernel") broke parallel builds.

Instead of adding the dependency between GCC plugins and utsrelease.h,
let's use KERNELVERSION, which does not require any build artifact.

Another reason why I want to avoid utsrelease.h is because it depends
on CONFIG_LOCALVERSION(_AUTO) and localversion* files.

(include/generated/utsrelease.h depends on include/config/kernel.release,
which is generated by scripts/setlocalversion)

I want to keep host tools independent of the kernel configuration.

There is no good reason to rebuild GCC plugins just because of
CONFIG_LOCALVERSION being changed.

We just want to associate the plugin versions with the kernel source
version. KERNELVERSION should be enough for our purpose.

Fixes: 61f60bac8c05 ("gcc-plugins: Change all version strings match kernel")
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/202205230239.EZxeZ3Fv-lkp@intel.com
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220524135541.1453693-1-masahiroy@kernel.org

gcc-plugins: randstruct: Remove cast exception handling

With all randstruct exceptions removed, remove all the exception
handling code. Any future warnings are likely to be shared between
this plugin and Clang randstruct, and will need to be addressed in a
more wholistic fashion.

Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

af_unix: Silence randstruct GCC plugin warning

While preparing for Clang randstruct support (which duplicated many of
the warnings the randstruct GCC plugin warned about), one strange one
remained only for the randstruct GCC plugin. Eliminating this rids
the plugin of the last exception.

It seems the plugin is happy to dereference individual members of
a cross-struct cast, but it is upset about casting to a whole object
pointer. This only manifests in one place in the kernel, so just replace
the variable with individual member accesses. There is no change in
executable instruction output.

Drop the last exception from the randstruct GCC plugin.

Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Cong Wang <cong.wang@bytedance.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.co.jp>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220511022217.58586-1-kuniyu@amazon.co.jp
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220511151542.4cb3ff17@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

niu: Silence randstruct warnings

Clang randstruct gets upset when it sees struct addresspace (which is
randomized) being assigned to a struct page (which is not randomized):

drivers/net/ethernet/sun/niu.c:3385:12: error: casting from randomized structure pointer type 'struct address_space *' to 'struct page *'
*link = (struct page *) page->mapping;
^

It looks like niu.c is looking for an in-line place to chain its allocated
pages together and is overloading the "mapping" member, as it is unused.
This is very non-standard, and is expected to be cleaned up in the
future[1], but there is no "correct" way to handle it today.

No meaningful machine code changes result after this change, and source
readability is improved.

Drop the randstruct exception now that there is no "confusing" cross-type
assignment.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/YnqgjVoMDu5v9PNG@casper.infradead.org/

Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Cc: Du Cheng <ducheng2@gmail.com>
Cc: Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220511151647.7290adbe@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

big_keys: Use struct for internal payload

The randstruct GCC plugin gets upset when it sees struct path (which is
randomized) being assigned from a "void *" (which it cannot type-check).

There's no need for these casts, as the entire internal payload use is
following a normal struct layout. Convert the enum-based void * offset
dereferencing to the new big_key_payload struct. No meaningful machine
code changes result after this change, and source readability is improved.

Drop the randstruct exception now that there is no "confusing" cross-type
assignment.

Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Cc: keyrings@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

gcc-plugins: Change all version strings match kernel

It's not meaningful for the GCC plugins to track their versions separately
from the rest of the kernel. Switch all versions to the kernel version.

Fix mismatched indenting while we're at it.

Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

security: don't treat structure as an array of struct hlist_head

The initialization of "security_hook_heads" is done by casting it to
another structure pointer type, and treating it as an array of "struct
hlist_head" objects. This requires an exception be made in "randstruct",
because otherwise it will emit an error, reducing the effectiveness of
the hardening technique.

Instead of using a cast, initialize the individual struct hlist_head
elements in security_hook_heads explicitly. This removes the need for
the cast and randstruct exception.

Signed-off-by: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220407175930.471870-1-morbo@google.com

gcc-plugins: remove code for GCC versions older than 4.9

Documentation/process/changes.rst says the minimal GCC version is 4.9.
Hence, BUILDING_GCC_VERSION is greater than or equal to 4009.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201202134929.99883-1-masahiroy@kernel.org

randstruct: Check member structs in is_pure_ops_struct()

While no uses in the kernel triggered this case, it was possible to have
a false negative where a struct contains other structs which contain only
function pointers because of unreachable code in is_pure_ops_struct().

Signed-off-by: Joonwon Kang <kjw1627@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190727155841.GA13586@host
Fixes: 313dd1b62921 ("gcc-plugins: Add the randstruct plugin")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

security: convert security hooks to use hlist

This changes security_hook_heads to use hlist_heads instead of
the circular doubly-linked list heads. This should cut down
the size of the struct by about half.

In addition, it allows mutation of the hooks at the tail of the
callback list without having to modify the head. The longer-term
purpose of this is to enable making the heads read only.

Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Reviewed-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>

gcc-plugins: Use dynamic initializers

GCC 8 changed the order of some fields and is very picky about ordering
in static initializers, so instead just move to dynamic initializers,
and drop the redundant already-zero field assignments.

Suggested-by: Valdis Kletnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

randstruct: Enable function pointer struct detection

This enables the automatic structure selection logic in the randstruct
GCC plugin. The selection logic randomizes all structures that contain
only function pointers, unless marked with __no_randomize_layout.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

randstruct: Whitelist NIU struct page overloading

The NIU ethernet driver intentionally stores a page struct pointer on
top of the "mapping" field. Whitelist this case:

drivers/net/ethernet/sun/niu.c: In function ‘niu_rx_pkt_ignore’:
drivers/net/ethernet/sun/niu.c:3402:10: note: found mismatched ssa struct pointer types: ‘struct page’ and ‘struct address_space’

*link = (struct page *) page->mapping;
~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

randstruct: Whitelist big_key path struct overloading

The big_key payload structure intentionally stores a struct path in
two void pointers to avoid header soup. Whitelist this case:

security/keys/big_key.c: In function ‘big_key_read’:
security/keys/big_key.c:293:16: note: found mismatched rhs struct pointer types: ‘struct path’ and ‘void *’

struct path *path = (struct path *)&key->payload.data[big_key_path];
^~~~

Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

randstruct: Whitelist UNIXCB cast

This is another false positive in bad cast detection:

net/unix/af_unix.c: In function ‘unix_skb_scm_eq’:
net/unix/af_unix.c:1621:31: note: found mismatched rhs struct pointer types: ‘struct unix_skb_parms’ and ‘char’

const struct unix_skb_parms *u = &UNIXCB(skb);
^

UNIXCB is:

#define UNIXCB(skb) (*(struct unix_skb_parms *)&((skb)->cb))

And ->cb is:

char cb[48] __aligned(8);

This is a rather crazy cast, but appears to be safe in the face of
randomization, so whitelist it in the plugin.

Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

randstruct: Whitelist struct security_hook_heads cast

The LSM initialization routines walk security_hook_heads as an array
of struct list_head instead of via names to avoid a ton of needless
source. Whitelist this to avoid the false positive warning from the
plugin:

security/security.c: In function ‘security_init’:
security/security.c:59:20: note: found mismatched op0 struct pointer types: ‘struct list_head’ and ‘struct security_hook_heads’

struct list_head *list = (struct list_head *) &security_hook_heads;
^

Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

gcc-plugins: Add the randstruct plugin

This randstruct plugin is modified from Brad Spengler/PaX Team's code
in the last public patch of grsecurity/PaX based on my understanding
of the code. Changes or omissions from the original code are mine and
don't reflect the original grsecurity/PaX code.

The randstruct GCC plugin randomizes the layout of selected structures
at compile time, as a probabilistic defense against attacks that need to
know the layout of structures within the kernel. This is most useful for
"in-house" kernel builds where neither the randomization seed nor other
build artifacts are made available to an attacker. While less useful for
distribution kernels (where the randomization seed must be exposed for
third party kernel module builds), it still has some value there since now
all kernel builds would need to be tracked by an attacker.

In more performance sensitive scenarios, GCC_PLUGIN_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE
can be selected to make a best effort to restrict randomization to
cacheline-sized groups of elements, and will not randomize bitfields. This
comes at the cost of reduced randomization.

Two annotations are defined,__randomize_layout and __no_randomize_layout,
which respectively tell the plugin to either randomize or not to
randomize instances of the struct in question. Follow-on patches enable
the auto-detection logic for selecting structures for randomization
that contain only function pointers. It is disabled here to assist with
bisection.

Since any randomized structs must be initialized using designated
initializers, __randomize_layout includes the __designated_init annotation
even when the plugin is disabled so that all builds will require
the needed initialization. (With the plugin enabled, annotations for
automatically chosen structures are marked as well.)

The main differences between this implemenation and grsecurity are:
- disable automatic struct selection (to be enabled in follow-up patch)
- add designated_init attribute at runtime and for manual marking
- clarify debugging output to differentiate bad cast warnings
- add whitelisting infrastructure
- support gcc 7's DECL_ALIGN and DECL_MODE changes (Laura Abbott)
- raise minimum required GCC version to 4.7

Earlier versions of this patch series were ported by Michael Leibowitz.

Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>