bpf: Enable bpf_cgrp_storage for cgroup1 non-attach case

In the current cgroup1 environment, associating operations between cgroups
and applications in a BPF program requires storing a mapping of cgroup_id
to application either in a hash map or maintaining it in userspace.
However, by enabling bpf_cgrp_storage for cgroup1, it becomes possible to
conveniently store application-specific information in cgroup-local storage
and utilize it within BPF programs. Furthermore, enabling this feature for
cgroup1 involves minor modifications for the non-attach case, streamlining
the process.

However, when it comes to enabling this functionality for the cgroup1
attach case, it presents challenges. Therefore, the decision is to focus on
enabling it solely for the cgroup1 non-attach case at present. If
attempting to attach to a cgroup1 fd, the operation will simply fail with
the error code -EBADF.

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231206115326.4295-2-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>

bpf: Teach verifier that certain helpers accept NULL pointer.

bpf_[sk|inode|task|cgrp]_storage_[get|delete]() and bpf_get_socket_cookie() helpers
perform run-time check that sk|inode|task|cgrp pointer != NULL.
Teach verifier about this fact and allow bpf programs to pass
PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_MAYBE_NULL into such helpers.
It will be used in the subsequent patch that will do
bpf_sk_storage_get(.., skb->sk, ...);
Even when 'skb' pointer is trusted the 'sk' pointer may be NULL.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230404045029.82870-5-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com

bpf: Use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free in bpf_local_storage_elem

This patch uses bpf_mem_alloc for the task and cgroup local storage that
the bpf prog can easily get a hold of the storage owner's PTR_TO_BTF_ID.
eg. bpf_get_current_task_btf() can be used in some of the kmalloc code
path which will cause deadlock/recursion. bpf_mem_cache_alloc is
deadlock free and will solve a legit use case in [1].

For sk storage, its batch creation benchmark shows a few percent
regression when the sk create/destroy batch size is larger than 32.
The sk creation/destruction happens much more often and
depends on external traffic. Considering it is hypothetical
to be able to cause deadlock with sk storage, it can cross
the bridge to use bpf_mem_alloc till a legit (ie. useful)
use case comes up.

For inode storage, bpf_local_storage_destroy() is called before
waiting for a rcu gp and its memory cannot be reused immediately.
inode stays with kmalloc/kfree after the rcu [or tasks_trace] gp.

A 'bool bpf_ma' argument is added to bpf_local_storage_map_alloc().
Only task and cgroup storage have 'bpf_ma == true' which
means to use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free(). This patch only changes
selem to use bpf_mem_alloc for task and cgroup. The next patch
will change the local_storage to use bpf_mem_alloc also for
task and cgroup.

Here is some more details on the changes:

* memory allocation:
After bpf_mem_cache_alloc(), the SDATA(selem)->data is zero-ed because
bpf_mem_cache_alloc() could return a reused selem. It is to keep
the existing bpf_map_kzalloc() behavior. Only SDATA(selem)->data
is zero-ed. SDATA(selem)->data is the visible part to the bpf prog.
No need to use zero_map_value() to do the zeroing because
bpf_selem_free(..., reuse_now = true) ensures no bpf prog is using
the selem before returning the selem through bpf_mem_cache_free().
For the internal fields of selem, they will be initialized when
linking to the new smap and the new local_storage.

When 'bpf_ma == false', nothing changes in this patch. It will
stay with the bpf_map_kzalloc().

* memory free:
The bpf_selem_free() and bpf_selem_free_rcu() are modified to handle
the bpf_ma == true case.

For the common selem free path where its owner is also being destroyed,
the mem is freed in bpf_local_storage_destroy(), the owner (task
and cgroup) has gone through a rcu gp. The memory can be reused
immediately, so bpf_local_storage_destroy() will call
bpf_selem_free(..., reuse_now = true) which will do
bpf_mem_cache_free() for immediate reuse consideration.

An exception is the delete elem code path. The delete elem code path
is called from the helper bpf_*_storage_delete() and the syscall
bpf_map_delete_elem(). This path is an unusual case for local
storage because the common use case is to have the local storage
staying with its owner life time so that the bpf prog and the user
space does not have to monitor the owner's destruction. For the delete
elem path, the selem cannot be reused immediately because there could
be bpf prog using it. It will call bpf_selem_free(..., reuse_now = false)
and it will wait for a rcu tasks trace gp before freeing the elem. The
rcu callback is changed to do bpf_mem_cache_raw_free() instead of kfree().

When 'bpf_ma == false', it should be the same as before.
__bpf_selem_free() is added to do the kfree_rcu and call_tasks_trace_rcu().
A few words on the 'reuse_now == true'. When 'reuse_now == true',
it is still racing with bpf_local_storage_map_free which is under rcu
protection, so it still needs to wait for a rcu gp instead of kfree().
Otherwise, the selem may be reused by slab for a totally different struct
while the bpf_local_storage_map_free() is still using it (as a
rcu reader). For the inode case, there may be other rcu readers also.
In short, when bpf_ma == false and reuse_now == true => vanilla rcu.

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221118190109.1512674-1-namhyung@kernel.org/

Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322215246.1675516-3-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: return long from bpf_map_ops funcs

This patch changes the return types of bpf_map_ops functions to long, where
previously int was returned. Using long allows for bpf programs to maintain
the sign bit in the absence of sign extension during situations where
inlined bpf helper funcs make calls to the bpf_map_ops funcs and a negative
error is returned.

The definitions of the helper funcs are generated from comments in the bpf
uapi header at `include/uapi/linux/bpf.h`. The return type of these
helpers was previously changed from int to long in commit bdb7b79b4ce8. For
any case where one of the map helpers call the bpf_map_ops funcs that are
still returning 32-bit int, a compiler might not include sign extension
instructions to properly convert the 32-bit negative value a 64-bit
negative value.

For example:
bpf assembly excerpt of an inlined helper calling a kernel function and
checking for a specific error:

; err = bpf_map_update_elem(&mymap, &key, &val, BPF_NOEXIST);
...
46: call 0xffffffffe103291c ; htab_map_update_elem
; if (err && err != -EEXIST) {
4b: cmp $0xffffffffffffffef,%rax ; cmp -EEXIST,%rax

kernel function assembly excerpt of return value from
`htab_map_update_elem` returning 32-bit int:

movl $0xffffffef, %r9d
...
movl %r9d, %eax

...results in the comparison:
cmp $0xffffffffffffffef, $0x00000000ffffffef

Fixes: bdb7b79b4ce8 ("bpf: Switch most helper return values from 32-bit int to 64-bit long")
Tested-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: JP Kobryn <inwardvessel@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322194754.185781-3-inwardvessel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Repurpose use_trace_rcu to reuse_now in bpf_local_storage

This patch re-purpose the use_trace_rcu to mean
if the freed memory can be reused immediately or not.
The use_trace_rcu is renamed to reuse_now. Other than
the boolean test is reversed, it should be a no-op.

The following explains the reason for the rename and how it will
be used in a later patch.

In a later patch, bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free will be used
in the bpf_local_storage. The bpf mem allocator will reuse
the freed memory immediately. Some of the free paths in
bpf_local_storage does not support memory to be reused immediately.
These paths are the "delete" elem cases from the bpf_*_storage_delete()
helper and the map_delete_elem() syscall. Note that "delete" elem
before the owner's (sk/task/cgrp/inode) lifetime ended is not
the common usage for the local storage.

The common free path, bpf_local_storage_destroy(), can reuse the
memory immediately. This common path means the storage stays with
its owner until the owner is destroyed.

The above mentioned "delete" elem paths that cannot
reuse immediately always has the 'use_trace_rcu == true'.
The cases that is safe for immediate reuse always have
'use_trace_rcu == false'. Instead of adding another arg
in a later patch, this patch re-purpose this arg
to reuse_now and have the test logic reversed.

In a later patch, 'reuse_now == true' will free to the
bpf_mem_cache_free() where the memory can be reused
immediately. 'reuse_now == false' will go through the
call_rcu_tasks_trace().

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230308065936.1550103-7-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Refactor codes into bpf_local_storage_destroy

This patch first renames bpf_local_storage_unlink_nolock to
bpf_local_storage_destroy(). It better reflects that it is only
used when the storage's owner (sk/task/cgrp/inode) is being kfree().

All bpf_local_storage_destroy's caller is taking the spin lock and
then free the storage. This patch also moves these two steps into
the bpf_local_storage_destroy.

This is a preparation work for a later patch that uses
bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free in the bpf_local_storage.

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230308065936.1550103-3-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf, net: bpf_local_storage memory usage

A new helper is introduced into bpf_local_storage map to calculate the
memory usage. This helper is also used by other maps like
bpf_cgrp_storage, bpf_inode_storage, bpf_task_storage and etc.

Note that currently the dynamically allocated storage elements are not
counted in the usage, since it will take extra runtime overhead in the
elements update or delete path. So let's put it aside now, and implement
it in the future when someone really need it.

Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230305124615.12358-15-laoar.shao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

bpf: Fix a compilation failure with clang lto build

When building the kernel with clang lto (CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_FULL=y), the
following compilation error will appear:

$ make LLVM=1 LLVM_IAS=1 -j
...
ld.lld: error: ld-temp.o <inline asm>:26889:1: symbol 'cgroup_storage_map_btf_ids' is already defined
cgroup_storage_map_btf_ids:;
^
make[1]: *** [/.../bpf-next/scripts/Makefile.vmlinux_o:61: vmlinux.o] Error 1

In local_storage.c, we have
BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(cgroup_storage_map_btf_ids, struct, bpf_local_storage_map)
Commit c4bcfb38a95e ("bpf: Implement cgroup storage available to
non-cgroup-attached bpf progs") added the above identical BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE
definition in bpf_cgrp_storage.c. With duplicated definitions, llvm linker
complains with lto build.

Also, extracting btf_id of 'struct bpf_local_storage_map' is defined four times
for sk, inode, task and cgrp local storages. Let us define a single global one
with a different name than cgroup_storage_map_btf_ids, which also fixed
the lto compilation error.

Fixes: c4bcfb38a95e ("bpf: Implement cgroup storage available to non-cgroup-attached bpf progs")
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221130052147.1591625-1-yhs@fb.com

bpf: Implement cgroup storage available to non-cgroup-attached bpf progs

Similar to sk/inode/task storage, implement similar cgroup local storage.

There already exists a local storage implementation for cgroup-attached
bpf programs. See map type BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE and helper
bpf_get_local_storage(). But there are use cases such that non-cgroup
attached bpf progs wants to access cgroup local storage data. For example,
tc egress prog has access to sk and cgroup. It is possible to use
sk local storage to emulate cgroup local storage by storing data in socket.
But this is a waste as it could be lots of sockets belonging to a particular
cgroup. Alternatively, a separate map can be created with cgroup id as the key.
But this will introduce additional overhead to manipulate the new map.
A cgroup local storage, similar to existing sk/inode/task storage,
should help for this use case.

The life-cycle of storage is managed with the life-cycle of the
cgroup struct. i.e. the storage is destroyed along with the owning cgroup
with a call to bpf_cgrp_storage_free() when cgroup itself
is deleted.

The userspace map operations can be done by using a cgroup fd as a key
passed to the lookup, update and delete operations.

Typically, the following code is used to get the current cgroup:
struct task_struct *task = bpf_get_current_task_btf();
... task->cgroups->dfl_cgrp ...
and in structure task_struct definition:
struct task_struct {
....
struct css_set __rcu *cgroups;
....
}
With sleepable program, accessing task->cgroups is not protected by rcu_read_lock.
So the current implementation only supports non-sleepable program and supporting
sleepable program will be the next step together with adding rcu_read_lock
protection for rcu tagged structures.

Since map name BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE has been used for old cgroup local
storage support, the new map name BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGRP_STORAGE is used
for cgroup storage available to non-cgroup-attached bpf programs. The old
cgroup storage supports bpf_get_local_storage() helper to get the cgroup data.
The new cgroup storage helper bpf_cgrp_storage_get() can provide similar
functionality. While old cgroup storage pre-allocates storage memory, the new
mechanism can also pre-allocate with a user space bpf_map_update_elem() call
to avoid potential run-time memory allocation failure.
Therefore, the new cgroup storage can provide all functionality w.r.t.
the old one. So in uapi bpf.h, the old BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE is alias to
BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE_DEPRECATED to indicate the old cgroup storage can
be deprecated since the new one can provide the same functionality.

Acked-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221026042850.673791-1-yhs@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>