xen/balloon: Bring alloc(free)_xenballooned_pages helpers back

This patch rolls back some of the changes introduced by commit
121f2faca2c0a "xen/balloon: rename alloc/free_xenballooned_pages"
in order to make possible to still allocate xenballooned pages
if CONFIG_XEN_UNPOPULATED_ALLOC is enabled.

On Arm the unpopulated pages will be allocated on top of extended
regions provided by Xen via device-tree (the subsequent patches
will add required bits to support unpopulated-alloc feature on Arm).
The problem is that extended regions feature has been introduced
into Xen quite recently (during 4.16 release cycle). So this
effectively means that Linux must only use unpopulated-alloc on Arm
if it is running on "new Xen" which advertises these regions.
But, it will only be known after parsing the "hypervisor" node
at boot time, so before doing that we cannot assume anything.

In order to keep working if CONFIG_XEN_UNPOPULATED_ALLOC is enabled
and the extended regions are not advertised (Linux is running on
"old Xen", etc) we need the fallback to alloc_xenballooned_pages().

This way we wouldn't reduce the amount of memory usable (wasting
RAM pages) for any of the external mappings anymore (and eliminate
XSA-300) with "new Xen", but would be still functional ballooning
out RAM pages with "old Xen".

Also rename alloc(free)_xenballooned_pages to xen_alloc(free)_ballooned_pages
and make xen_alloc(free)_unpopulated_pages static inline in xen.h
if CONFIG_XEN_UNPOPULATED_ALLOC is disabled.

Signed-off-by: Oleksandr Tyshchenko <oleksandr_tyshchenko@epam.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1639080336-26573-4-git-send-email-olekstysh@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

xen/balloon: rename alloc/free_xenballooned_pages

alloc_xenballooned_pages() and free_xenballooned_pages() are used as
direct replacements of xen_alloc_unpopulated_pages() and
xen_free_unpopulated_pages() in case CONFIG_XEN_UNPOPULATED_ALLOC isn't
defined.

Guard both functions with !CONFIG_XEN_UNPOPULATED_ALLOC and rename them
to the xen_*() variants they are replacing. This allows to remove some
ifdeffery from the xen.h header file. Adapt the prototype of the
functions to match.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211102092234.17852-1-jgross@suse.com
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>

xen/balloon: add header guard

In order to protect against the header being included multiple times
on the same compilation unit.

Signed-off-by: Roger Pau Monné <roger.pau@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200901083326.21264-2-roger.pau@citrix.com
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

xen: remove tmem driver

The Xen tmem (transcendent memory) driver can be removed, as the
related Xen hypervisor feature never made it past the "experimental"
state and will be removed in future Xen versions (>= 4.13).

The xen-selfballoon driver depends on tmem, so it can be removed, too.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Acked-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

Revert "xen/balloon: Mark unallocated host memory as UNUSABLE"

This reverts commit b3cf8528bb21febb650a7ecbf080d0647be40b9f.

That commit unintentionally broke Xen balloon memory hotplug with
"hotplug_unpopulated" set to 1. As long as "System RAM" resource
got assigned under a new "Unusable memory" resource in IO/Mem tree
any attempt to online this memory would fail due to general kernel
restrictions on having "System RAM" resources as 1st level only.

The original issue that commit has tried to workaround fa564ad96366
("x86/PCI: Enable a 64bit BAR on AMD Family 15h (Models 00-1f, 30-3f,
60-7f)") also got amended by the following 03a551734 ("x86/PCI: Move
and shrink AMD 64-bit window to avoid conflict") which made the
original fix to Xen ballooning unnecessary.

Signed-off-by: Igor Druzhinin <igor.druzhinin@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

xen/balloon: Mark unallocated host memory as UNUSABLE

Commit f5775e0b6116 ("x86/xen: discard RAM regions above the maximum
reservation") left host memory not assigned to dom0 as available for
memory hotplug.

Unfortunately this also meant that those regions could be used by
others. Specifically, commit fa564ad96366 ("x86/PCI: Enable a 64bit BAR
on AMD Family 15h (Models 00-1f, 30-3f, 60-7f)") may try to map those
addresses as MMIO.

To prevent this mark unallocated host memory as E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE (thus
effectively reverting f5775e0b6116) and keep track of that region as
a hostmem resource that can be used for the hotplug.

Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

xen/balloon: don't online new memory initially

When setting up the Xenstore watch for the memory target size the new
watch will fire at once. Don't try to reach the configured target size
by onlining new memory in this case, as the current memory size will
be smaller in almost all cases due to e.g. BIOS reserved pages.

Onlining new memory will lead to more problems e.g. undesired conflicts
with NVMe devices meant to be operated as block devices.

Instead remember the difference between target size and current size
when the watch fires for the first time and apply it to any further
size changes, too.

In order to avoid races between balloon.c and xen-balloon.c init calls
do the xen-balloon.c initialization from balloon.c.

Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>

xen/balloon: use hotplugged pages for foreign mappings etc.

alloc_xenballooned_pages() is used to get ballooned pages to back
foreign mappings etc. Instead of having to balloon out real pages,
use (if supported) hotplugged memory.

This makes more memory available to the guest and reduces
fragmentation in the p2m.

This is only enabled if the xen.balloon.hotplug_unpopulated sysctl is
set to 1. This sysctl defaults to 0 in case the udev rules to
automatically online hotplugged memory do not exist.

Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
---
v3:
- Add xen.balloon.hotplug_unpopulated sysctl to enable use of hotplug
for unpopulated pages.

xen/balloon: make alloc_xenballoon_pages() always allocate low pages

All users of alloc_xenballoon_pages() wanted low memory pages, so
remove the option for high memory.

Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>

xen/balloon: rationalize memory hotplug stats

The stats used for memory hotplug make no sense and are fiddled with
in odd ways. Remove them and introduce total_pages to track the total
number of pages (both populated and unpopulated) including those within
hotplugged regions (note that this includes not yet onlined pages).

This will be used in a subsequent commit (xen/balloon: only hotplug
additional memory if required) when deciding whether additional memory
needs to be hotplugged.

Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>

xen/balloon: remove scratch page left overs

Commit 0bb599fd30108883b00c7d4a226eeb49111e6932 (xen: remove scratch
frames for ballooned pages and m2p override) removed the use of the
scratch page for ballooned out pages.

Remove some left over function definitions.

Signed-off-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>

xen/balloon: set a mapping for ballooned out pages

Currently ballooned out pages are mapped to 0 and have INVALID_P2M_ENTRY
in the p2m. These ballooned out pages are used to map foreign grants
by gntdev and blkback (see alloc_xenballooned_pages).

Allocate a page per cpu and map all the ballooned out pages to the
corresponding mfn. Set the p2m accordingly. This way reading from a
ballooned out page won't cause a kernel crash (see
http://lists.xen.org/archives/html/xen-devel/2012-12/msg01154.html).

Signed-off-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
CC: alex@alex.org.uk
CC: dcrisan@flexiant.com
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

xen-balloon: convert sysdev_class to a regular subsystem

After all sysdev classes are ported to regular driver core entities, the
sysdev implementation will be entirely removed from the kernel.

Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

xen: add an "highmem" parameter to alloc_xenballooned_pages

Add an highmem parameter to alloc_xenballooned_pages, to allow callers to
request lowmem or highmem pages.

Fix the code style of free_xenballooned_pages' prototype.

Signed-off-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

xen/balloon: memory hotplug support for Xen balloon driver

Memory hotplug support for Xen balloon driver. It should be mentioned
that hotplugged memory is not onlined automatically. It should be onlined
by user through standard sysfs interface.

Memory could be hotplugged in following steps:

1) dom0: xl mem-max <domU> <maxmem>
where <maxmem> is >= requested memory size,

2) dom0: xl mem-set <domU> <memory>
where <memory> is requested memory size; alternatively memory
could be added by writing proper value to
/sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/target or
/sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/target_kb on dumU,

3) domU: for i in /sys/devices/system/memory/memory*/state; do \
[ "`cat "$i"`" = offline ] && echo online > "$i"; done

Memory could be onlined automatically on domU by adding following line to
udev rules:

SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/bin/sh -c '[ -f /sys$devpath/state ] && echo online > /sys$devpath/state'"

In that case step 3 should be omitted.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Kiper <dkiper@net-space.pl>
Acked-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

xen: tmem: self-ballooning and frontswap-selfshrinking

This patch introduces two in-kernel drivers for Xen transcendent memory
("tmem") functionality that complement cleancache and frontswap. Both
use control theory to dynamically adjust and optimize memory utilization.
Selfballooning controls the in-kernel Xen balloon driver, targeting a goal
value (vm_committed_as), thus pushing less frequently used clean
page cache pages (through the cleancache code) into Xen tmem where
Xen can balance needs across all VMs residing on the physical machine.
Frontswap-selfshrinking controls the number of pages in frontswap,
driving it towards zero (effectively doing a partial swapoff) when
in-kernel memory pressure subsides, freeing up RAM for other VMs.

More detail is provided in the header comment of xen-selfballooning.c.

Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com>

[v8: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: set default enablement depending on frontswap]
[v7: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix capitalization and punctuation in comments]
[v6: fix frontswap-selfshrinking initialization]
[v6: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix init pr_infos; add comments about swap]
[v5: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add NULL to attr list; move inits up to decls]
[v4: dkiper@net-space.pl: use strict_strtoul plus a few syntactic nits]
[v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix potential divides-by-zero]
[v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add many more comments, fix nits]
[v2: rebased to linux-3.0-rc1]
[v2: Ian.Campbell@citrix.com: reorganize as new file (xen-selfballoon.c)]
[v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: proper access to vm_committed_as]
[v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: accounting fixes]
Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>

xen-balloon: Add interface to retrieve ballooned pages

Pages that have been ballooned are useful for other Xen drivers doing
grant table actions, because these pages have valid struct page/PFNs but
have no valid MFN so are available for remapping.

Acked-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>
[v2: Deal with rebasing on top of modified balloon code]
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

xen-balloon: Move core balloon functionality out of module

The basic functionality of ballooning pages is useful for Xen drivers in
general. Rather than require a dependency on the balloon module, split
the functionality that is reused into the core. The balloon module is
still required to follow ballooning requests from xenstore or to view
balloon statistics in sysfs.

Acked-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

xen: remove unused balloon.h

The balloon driver doesn't have any externally callable functions at
the moment, so remove the (effectively empty) header. We can add it
back if we need to.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

xen: add balloon driver

The balloon driver allows memory to be dynamically added or removed from the domain,
in order to allow host memory to be balanced between multiple domains.

This patch introduces the Xen balloon driver, though it currently only
allows a domain to be shrunk from its initial size (and re-grown back to
that size). A later patch will add the ability to grow a domain beyond
its initial size.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>