delayacct: track delays from IRQ/SOFTIRQ

Delay accounting does not track the delay of IRQ/SOFTIRQ. While
IRQ/SOFTIRQ could have obvious impact on some workloads productivity, such
as when workloads are running on system which is busy handling network
IRQ/SOFTIRQ.

Get the delay of IRQ/SOFTIRQ could help users to reduce such delay. Such
as setting interrupt affinity or task affinity, using kernel thread for
NAPI etc. This is inspired by "sched/psi: Add PSI_IRQ to track
IRQ/SOFTIRQ pressure"[1]. Also fix some code indent problems of older
code.

And update tools/accounting/getdelays.c:
/ # ./getdelays -p 156 -di
print delayacct stats ON
printing IO accounting
PID 156

CPU count real total virtual total delay total delay average
15 15836008 16218149 275700790 18.380ms
IO count delay total delay average
0 0 0.000ms
SWAP count delay total delay average
0 0 0.000ms
RECLAIM count delay total delay average
0 0 0.000ms
THRASHING count delay total delay average
0 0 0.000ms
COMPACT count delay total delay average
0 0 0.000ms
WPCOPY count delay total delay average
36 7586118 0.211ms
IRQ count delay total delay average
42 929161 0.022ms

[1] commit 52b1364ba0b1("sched/psi: Add PSI_IRQ to track IRQ/SOFTIRQ pressure")

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/202304081728353557233@zte.com.cn
Signed-off-by: Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Jiang Xuexin <jiang.xuexin@zte.com.cn>
Cc: wangyong <wang.yong12@zte.com.cn>
Cc: junhua huang <huang.junhua@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

delayacct: track delays from write-protect copy

Delay accounting does not track the delay of write-protect copy. When
tasks trigger many write-protect copys(include COW and unsharing of
anonymous pages[1]), it may spend a amount of time waiting for them. To
get the delay of tasks in write-protect copy, could help users to evaluate
the impact of using KSM or fork() or GUP.

Also update tools/accounting/getdelays.c:

/ # ./getdelays -dl -p 231
print delayacct stats ON
listen forever
PID 231

CPU count real total virtual total delay total delay average
6247 1859000000 2154070021 1674255063 0.268ms
IO count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
SWAP count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
RECLAIM count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
THRASHING count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
COMPACT count delay total delay average
3 72758 0ms
WPCOPY count delay total delay average
3635 271567604 0ms

[1] commit 31cc5bc4af70("mm: support GUP-triggered unsharing of anonymous pages")

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220409014342.2505532-1-yang.yang29@zte.com.cn
Signed-off-by: Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiang Xuexin <jiang.xuexin@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: Ran Xiaokai <ran.xiaokai@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: wangyong <wang.yong12@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

taskstats: version 12 with thread group and exe info

The task exit struct needs some crucial information to be able to provide
an enhanced version of process and thread accounting. This change
provides:

1. ac_tgid in additon to ac_pid
2. thread group execution walltime in ac_tgetime
3. flag AGROUP in ac_flag to indicate the last task
in a thread group / process
4. device ID and inode of task's /proc/self/exe in
ac_exe_dev and ac_exe_inode
5. tools/accounting/procacct as demonstrator

When a task exits, taskstats are reported to userspace including the
task's pid and ppid, but without the id of the thread group this task is
part of. Without the tgid, the stats of single tasks cannot be correlated
to each other as a thread group (process).

The taskstats documentation suggests that on process exit a data set
consisting of accumulated stats for the whole group is produced. But such
an additional set of stats is only produced for actually multithreaded
processes, not groups that had only one thread, and also those stats only
contain data about delay accounting and not the more basic information
about CPU and memory resource usage. Adding the AGROUP flag to be set
when the last task of a group exited enables determination of process end
also for single-threaded processes.

My applicaton basically does enhanced process accounting with summed
cputime, biggest maxrss, tasks per process. The data is not available
with the traditional BSD process accounting (which is not designed to be
extensible) and the taskstats interface allows more efficient on-the-fly
grouping and summing of the stats, anyway, without intermediate disk
writes.

Furthermore, I do carry statistics on which exact program binary is used
how often with associated resources, getting a picture on how important
which parts of a collection of installed scientific software in different
versions are, and how well they put load on the machine. This is enabled
by providing information on /proc/self/exe for each task. I assume the
two 64-bit fields for device ID and inode are more appropriate than the
possibly large resolved path to keep the data volume down.

Add the tgid to the stats to complete task identification, the flag AGROUP
to mark the last task of a group, the group wallclock time, and
inode-based identification of the associated executable file.

Add tools/accounting/procacct.c as a simplified fork of getdelays.c to
demonstrate process and thread accounting.

[thomas.orgis@uni-hamburg.de: fix version number in comment]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220405003601.7a5f6008@plasteblaster
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220331004106.64e5616b@plasteblaster
Signed-off-by: Dr. Thomas Orgis <thomas.orgis@uni-hamburg.de>
Reviewed-by: Ismael Luceno <ismael@iodev.co.uk>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn>
Cc: Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

delayacct: track delays from memory compact

Delay accounting does not track the delay of memory compact. When there
is not enough free memory, tasks can spend a amount of their time
waiting for compact.

To get the impact of tasks in direct memory compact, measure the delay
when allocating memory through memory compact.

Also update tools/accounting/getdelays.c:

/ # ./getdelays_next -di -p 304
print delayacct stats ON
printing IO accounting
PID 304

CPU count real total virtual total delay total delay average
277 780000000 849039485 18877296 0.068ms
IO count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
SWAP count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
RECLAIM count delay total delay average
5 11088812685 2217ms
THRASHING count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
COMPACT count delay total delay average
3 72758 0ms
watch: read=0, write=0, cancelled_write=0

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1638619795-71451-1-git-send-email-wang.yong12@zte.com.cn
Signed-off-by: wangyong <wang.yong12@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: Jiang Xuexin <jiang.xuexin@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Wenya <zhang.wenya1@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

tsacct: add 64-bit btime field

As there is only a 32-bit ac_btime field in taskstat and
we should handle dates after the overflow, add a new field
with the same information but 64-bit width that can hold
a full time64_t.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>

acct: stop using get_seconds()

In 'struct acct', 'struct acct_v3', and 'struct taskstats' we have
a 32-bit 'ac_btime' field containing an absolute time value, which
will overflow in year 2106.

There are two possible ways to deal with it:

a) let it overflow and have user space code deal with reconstructing
the data based on the current time, or
b) truncate the times based on the range of the u32 type.

Neither of them solves the actual problem. Pick the second
one to best document what the issue is, and have someone
fix it in a future version.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>

delayacct: track delays from thrashing cache pages

Delay accounting already measures the time a task spends in direct reclaim
and waiting for swapin, but in low memory situations tasks spend can spend
a significant amount of their time waiting on thrashing page cache. This
isn't tracked right now.

To know the full impact of memory contention on an individual task,
measure the delay when waiting for a recently evicted active cache page to
read back into memory.

Also update tools/accounting/getdelays.c:

[hannes@computer accounting]$ sudo ./getdelays -d -p 1
print delayacct stats ON
PID 1

CPU count real total virtual total delay total delay average
50318 745000000 847346785 400533713 0.008ms
IO count delay total delay average
435 122601218 0ms
SWAP count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
RECLAIM count delay total delay average
0 0 0ms
THRASHING count delay total delay average
19 12621439 0ms

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828172258.3185-4-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Drake <drake@endlessm.com>
Tested-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@fb.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Enderborg <peter.enderborg@sony.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

License cleanup: add SPDX license identifier to uapi header files with a license

Many user space API headers have licensing information, which is either
incomplete, badly formatted or just a shorthand for referring to the
license under which the file is supposed to be. This makes it hard for
compliance tools to determine the correct license.

Update these files with an SPDX license identifier. The identifier was
chosen based on the license information in the file.

GPL/LGPL licensed headers get the matching GPL/LGPL SPDX license
identifier with the added 'WITH Linux-syscall-note' exception, which is
the officially assigned exception identifier for the kernel syscall
exception:

NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel
services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use
of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work".

This exception makes it possible to include GPL headers into non GPL
code, without confusing license compliance tools.

Headers which have either explicit dual licensing or are just licensed
under a non GPL license are updated with the corresponding SPDX
identifier and the GPLv2 with syscall exception identifier. The format
is:
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR SPDX-ID-OF-OTHER-LICENSE)

SPDX license identifiers are a legally binding shorthand, which can be
used instead of the full boiler plate text. The update does not remove
existing license information as this has to be done on a case by case
basis and the copyright holders might have to be consulted. This will
happen in a separate step.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne. See the previous patch in this series for the
methodology of how this patch was researched.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/linux

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>