License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

tracing: %pF is only for function pointers

Use %pS for actual addresses, otherwise you'll get bad output
on arches like ppc64 where %pF expects a function descriptor.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1426130037-17956-22-git-send-email-scottwood@freescale.com

Signed-off-by: Scott Wood <scottwood@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

module: Replace module_ref with atomic_t refcnt

Replace module_ref per-cpu complex reference counter with
an atomic_t simple refcnt. This is for code simplification.

Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

trace: module: Maintain a valid user count

The replacement of the 'count' variable by two variables 'incs' and
'decs' to resolve some race conditions during module unloading was done
in parallel with some cleanup in the trace subsystem, and was integrated
as a merge.

Unfortunately, the formula for this replacement was wrong in the tracing
code, and the refcount in the traces was not usable as a result.

Use 'count = incs - decs' to compute the user count.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/1393924179-9147-1-git-send-email-romain.izard.pro@gmail.com

Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 2.6.35
Fixes: c1ab9cab7509 "merge conflict resolution"
Signed-off-by: Romain Izard <romain.izard.pro@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Fix: tracing: use 'E' instead of 'X' for unsigned module tain flag

In the following commit:

commit 57673c2b0baa900dddae3b9eb3d7748ebf550eb3
Author: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Date: Mon Mar 31 14:39:57 2014 +1030

Use 'E' instead of 'X' for unsigned module taint flag.

One site has been forgotten in trace events module.h.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
CC: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
CC: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Fix: module signature vs tracepoints: add new TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE

Users have reported being unable to trace non-signed modules loaded
within a kernel supporting module signature.

This is caused by tracepoint.c:tracepoint_module_coming() refusing to
take into account tracepoints sitting within force-loaded modules
(TAINT_FORCED_MODULE). The reason for this check, in the first place, is
that a force-loaded module may have a struct module incompatible with
the layout expected by the kernel, and can thus cause a kernel crash
upon forced load of that module on a kernel with CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS=y.

Tracepoints, however, specifically accept TAINT_OOT_MODULE and
TAINT_CRAP, since those modules do not lead to the "very likely system
crash" issue cited above for force-loaded modules.

With kernels having CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y (signed modules), a non-signed
module is tainted re-using the TAINT_FORCED_MODULE taint flag.
Unfortunately, this means that Tracepoints treat that module as a
force-loaded module, and thus silently refuse to consider any tracepoint
within this module.

Since an unsigned module does not fit within the "very likely system
crash" category of tainting, add a new TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE taint flag
to specifically address this taint behavior, and accept those modules
within Tracepoints. We use the letter 'X' as a taint flag character for
a module being loaded that doesn't know how to sign its name (proposed
by Steven Rostedt).

Also add the missing 'O' entry to trace event show_module_flags() list
for the sake of completeness.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
NAKed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CC: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
CC: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

include: replace linux/module.h with "struct module" wherever possible

The <linux/module.h> pretty much brings in the kitchen sink along
with it, so it should be avoided wherever reasonably possible in
terms of being included from other commonly used <linux/something.h>
files, as it results in a measureable increase on compile times.

The worst culprit was probably device.h since it is used everywhere.
This file also had an implicit dependency/usage of mutex.h which was
masked by module.h, and is also fixed here at the same time.

There are over a dozen other headers that simply declare the
struct instead of pulling in the whole file, so follow their lead
and simply make it a few more.

Most of the implicit dependencies on module.h being present by
these headers pulling it in have been now weeded out, so we can
finally make this change with hopefully minimal breakage.

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>

tracing: Fix event alignment: module:module_request

Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sharp <dhsharp@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <1291421609-14665-7-git-send-email-dhsharp@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

tracing: Only process module tracepoints once

The commit:

9f987b3141f086de27832514aad9f50a53f754
tracing: Include module.h in define_trace.h

only solved half the problem. If the trace/events/module.h header is
included at the time of define_trace.h (or in ftrace.h within it),
the module.h TRACE_SYSTEM will override the current TRACE_SYSTEM
macro.

Since define_trace.h is included when CREATE_TRACE_POINTS is set,
and the first thing it does is to #undef CREATE_TRACE_POINTS,
by placing the module.h TRACE_SYSTEM inside a
#ifdef CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
we can prevent it from overriding the TRACE_SYSTEM that is
being processed, and still process the module.h tracepoints
when the module code defines CREATE_TRACE_POINTS and includes
the trace/events/module.h header.

As with commit 9f987b3141, this is only an issue if module.h
is not included before the trace/events/<event>.h file is
included, which (luckily) has not happened yet.

Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

tracing: Fix compile error in module tracepoints when MODULE_UNLOAD not set

If modules are configured in the build but unloading of modules is not,
then the refcnt is not defined. Place the get/put module tracepoints
under CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD since it references this field in the module
structure.

As a side-effect, this patch also reduces the code when MODULE_UNLOAD
is not set, because these unused tracepoints are not created.

Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

tracing: Remove side effect from module tracepoints that caused a GPF

Remove the @refcnt argument, because it has side-effects, and arguments with
side-effects are not skipped by the jump over disabled instrumentation and are
executed even when the tracepoint is disabled.

This was also causing a GPF as found by Randy Dunlap:

Subject: 2.6.33 GP fault only when built with tracing
LKML-Reference: <4BA2B69D.3000309@oracle.com>

Note, the current 2.6.34-rc has a fix for the actual cause of the GPF,
but this fixes one of its triggers.

Tested-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
LKML-Reference: <4BA97FA7.6040406@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

tracing: Convert module refcnt events to DEFINE_EVENT

Use DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS to remove duplicate code:

text data bss dec hex filename
29854 1980 128 31962 7cda kernel/module.o.old
28750 1980 128 30858 788a kernel/module.o

Two events are converted:

module_refcnt: module_get, module_put

No change in functionality.

Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <4B0E283B.3010508@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

tracing/events: Add module tracepoints

Add trace points to trace module_load, module_free, module_get,
module_put and module_request, and use trace_event facility to
get the trace output.

Here's the sample output:

TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
| | | | |
<...>-42 [000] 1.758380: module_request: fb0 wait=1 call_site=fb_open
...
<...>-60 [000] 3.269403: module_load: scsi_wait_scan
<...>-60 [000] 3.269432: module_put: scsi_wait_scan call_site=sys_init_module refcnt=0
<...>-61 [001] 3.273168: module_free: scsi_wait_scan
...
<...>-1021 [000] 13.836081: module_load: sunrpc
<...>-1021 [000] 13.840589: module_put: sunrpc call_site=sys_init_module refcnt=-1
<...>-1027 [000] 13.848098: module_get: sunrpc call_site=try_module_get refcnt=0
<...>-1027 [000] 13.848308: module_get: sunrpc call_site=get_filesystem refcnt=1
<...>-1027 [000] 13.848692: module_put: sunrpc call_site=put_filesystem refcnt=0
...
modprobe-2587 [001] 1088.437213: module_load: trace_events_sample F
modprobe-2587 [001] 1088.437786: module_put: trace_events_sample call_site=sys_init_module refcnt=0

Note:

- the taints flag can be 'F', 'C' and/or 'P' if mod->taints != 0

- the module refcnt is percpu, so it can be negative in a
specific cpu

Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
LKML-Reference: <4A891B3C.5030608@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>