License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

UAPI: (Scripted) Disintegrate include/linux

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>

fat: introduce special inode for managing the FSINFO block

This is patchset makes fatfs stop using the VFS '->write_super()' method
for writing out the FSINFO block.

The final goal is to get rid of the 'sync_supers()' kernel thread. This
kernel thread wakes up every 5 seconds (by default) and calls
'->write_super()' for all mounted file-systems. And the bad thing is that
this is done even if all the superblocks are clean. Moreover, some
file-systems do not even need this end they do not register the
'->write_super()' method at all (e.g., btrfs).

So 'sync_supers()' most often just generates useless wake-ups and wastes
power. I am trying to make all file-systems independent of
'->write_super()' and plan to remove 'sync_supers()' and '->write_super'
completely once there are no more users.

The '->write_supers()' method is mostly used by baroque file-systems like
hfs, udf, etc. Modern file-systems like btrfs and xfs do not use it.
This justifies removing this stuff from VFS completely and make every FS
self-manage own superblock.

Tested with xfstests.

This patch:

Preparation for further changes. It introduces a special inode
('fsinfo_inode') in FAT file-system which we'll later use for managing the
FSINFO block. Note, this there is already one special inode ('fat_inode')
which is used for managing the FAT tables.

Introduce new 'MSDOS_FSINFO_INO' constant for this special inode. It is
safe to do because FAT file-system does not store inode numbers on the
media but generates them run-time.

I've also cleaned up the comment to existing 'MSDOS_ROOT_INO' constant,
while on it.

Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: Fix stat->f_namelen

I found that the length of a file name when created cannot exceed 255
characters, yet, pathconf(), via statfs(), returns the maximum as 260.

Signed-off-by: Kevin Dankwardt <k@kcomputing.com>
Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>

headers_check fix: linux/msdos_fs.h

fix the following 'make headers_check' warning:

usr/include/linux/msdos_fs.h:100: found __[us]{8,16,32,64} type without #include <linux/types.h>

Signed-off-by: Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>

fat: Cleanup FAT attribute stuff

This adds three helpers:

fat_make_attrs() - makes FAT attributes from inode.
fat_make_mode() - makes mode_t from FAT attributes.
fat_save_attrs() - saves FAT attributes to inode.

Then this replaces: MSDOS_MKMODE() by fat_make_mode(), fat_attr() by
fat_make_attrs(), ->i_attrs = attr & ATTR_UNUSED by fat_save_attrs().
And for root inode, those is used with ATTR_DIR instead of bogus
ATTR_NONE.

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: split include/msdos_fs.h

This splits __KERNEL__ stuff in include/msdos_fs.h into fs/fat/fat.h.

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fatfs: add UTC timestamp option

Provide a new mount option ("tz=UTC") for DOS (vfat/msdos) filesystems,
allowing timestamps to be in coordinated universal time (UTC) rather than
local time in applications where doing this is advantageous.

In particular, portable devices that use fat/vfat (such as digital
cameras) can benefit from using UTC in their internal clocks, thus
avoiding daylight saving time errors and general time ambiguity issues.
The user of the device does not have to worry about changing the time when
moving from place or when daylight saving changes.

The new mount option, when set, disables the counter-adjustment that Linux
currently makes to FAT timestamp info in anticipation of the normal
userspace time zone correction. When used in this new mode, all daylight
saving time and time zone handling is done in userspace as is normal for
many other filesystems (like ext3). The default mode, which remains
unchanged, is still appropriate when mounting volumes written in Windows
(because of its use of local time).

I originally based this patch on one submitted last year by Paul Collins,
but I updated it to work with current source and changed variable/option
naming. Ogawa Hirofumi (who maintains these filesystems) and I discussed
this patch at length on lkml, and he suggested using the option name in
the attached version of the patch. Barry Bouwsma pointed out a good
addition to the patch as well.

Signed-off-by: Joe Peterson <joe@skyrush.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Collins <paul@ondioline.org>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: Barry Bouwsma <free_beer_for_all@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

msdos fs: remove unsettable atari option

It has been impossible to set the option 'atari' of the MSDOS filesystem
for several years. Since nobody seems to have missed it, let's remove its
remains.

Signed-off-by: Rene Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: fix VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_xxx and cleanup for userland

"struct dirent" is a kernel type here, but is a **different type** in
userspace! This means both the structure and the IOCTL number is wrong!

So, this adds new "struct __fat_dirent" to generate correct IOCTL number.
And kernel stuff moves to under __KERNEL__.

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat_valid_media() isn't for userspace

Commit 73f20e58b1d586e9f6d3ddc3aad872829aca7743 ("FAT_VALID_MEDIA():
remove pointless test") wrongly added the new fat_valid_media() function
to the userspace-visible part of include/linux/msdos_fs.h

Move it to the part of include/linux/msdos_fs.h that is not exported to
userspace.

Reported-by: Onur Küçük <onur@pardus.org.tr>
Reported-by: S.Çağlar Onur <caglar@pardus.org.tr>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

FAT_VALID_MEDIA(): remove pointless test

The on-disk media specification field in FAT is only 8-bits, so testing for
<=0xff is pointless, and can generate a "comparison is always true due to
limited range of data type" warning.

While we're there, convert FAT_VALID_MEDIA() into a C function - the present
implementation is buggy: it generates either one or two references to its
argument.

Cc: Frank Seidel <fseidel@suse.de>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: Update free_clusters even if it is untrusted

Currently, free_clusters is not updated until it is trusted, because
Windows doesn't update it correctly.

But if user is using FAT driver of Linux, it updates free_clusters
correctly. Instead, this updates it even if it's untrusted, so if
free_clustes is correct, now keep correct value.

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: Add allow_utime option

Normally utime(2) checks current process is owner of the file, or it
has CAP_FOWNER capability. But FAT filesystem doesn't have uid/gid as
on disk info, so normal check is too unflexible.

With this option you can relax it.

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: fat_notify_change() and check_mode() cleanup

- Rename fat_notify_change() to fat_setattr()
- check_mode() cleanup
- Change layout of code

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: gcc 4.3 warning fix

This patch fixes the following warnings.

fs/fat/dir.c: In function 'fat_parse_long':
include/linux/msdos_fs.h:294: warning: array subscript is above array bounds
include/linux/msdos_fs.h:295: warning: array subscript is above array bounds
include/linux/msdos_fs.h:295: warning: array subscript is above array bounds

The ->name is defined as "name[8], ext[3]", but fat_checksum() uses
those as name[11]. There is no actual problem, but it's not a good manner.

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fat: don't use free_clusters for fat32

It seems that the recent Windows changed specification, and it's
undocumented. Windows doesn't update ->free_clusters correctly.

This patch doesn't use ->free_clusters by default. (instead, add "usefree"
for forcing to use it)

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: Juergen Beisert <juergen127@kreuzholzen.de>
Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[PATCH] mark struct inode_operations const 3

Many struct inode_operations in the kernel can be "const". Marking them const
moves these to the .rodata section, which avoids false sharing with potential
dirty data. In addition it'll catch accidental writes at compile time to
these shared resources.

Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[PATCH] fat: add fat_getattr()

This adds fat_getattr() for setting stat->blksize. (FAT uses the size
of cluster for proper I/O)

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] add -o flush for fat

Fat is commonly used on removable media. Mounting with -o flush tells the
FS to write things to disk as quickly as possible. It is like -o sync, but
much faster (and not as safe).

Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <mason@suse.com>
Cc: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Move several *_SUPER_MAGIC symbols to include/linux/magic.h.

Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>

[PATCH] Make most file operations structs in fs/ const

This is a conversion to make the various file_operations structs in fs/
const. Basically a regexp job, with a few manual fixups

The goal is both to increase correctness (harder to accidentally write to
shared datastructures) and reducing the false sharing of cachelines with
things that get dirty in .data (while .rodata is nicely read only and thus
cache clean)

Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] fs/fat/: proper prototypes for two functions

Add proper prototypes for fat_cache_init() and fat_cache_destroy() in
msdos_fs.h.

Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] fat_lock is used as a mutex, convert it to using the new mutex primitive

The fat code uses the fat_lock always in a mutex way (taking and releasing
the lock in the same function), the patch below converts it into the new
mutex primitive. Please consider this patch for the code.

Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

It's UTF-8

Fix some comments to "UTF-8".

Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>

[PATCH] fat: support ->direct_IO()

This patch add to support of ->direct_IO() for mostly read.

The user of this seems to want to use for streaming read. So, current direct
I/O has limitation, it can only overwrite. (For write operation, mainly we
need to handle the hole etc..)

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] fat: cleanup and optimization of checksum

Signed-off-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Linux-2.6.12-rc2

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!