perf/x86/amd/lbr: Use freeze based on availability

Currently, the LBR code assumes that LBR Freeze is supported on all processors
when X86_FEATURE_AMD_LBR_V2 is available i.e. CPUID leaf 0x80000022[EAX]
bit 1 is set. This is incorrect as the availability of the feature is
additionally dependent on CPUID leaf 0x80000022[EAX] bit 2 being set,
which may not be set for all Zen 4 processors.

Define a new feature bit for LBR and PMC freeze and set the freeze enable bit
(FLBRI) in DebugCtl (MSR 0x1d9) conditionally.

It should still be possible to use LBR without freeze for profile-guided
optimization of user programs by using an user-only branch filter during
profiling. When the user-only filter is enabled, branches are no longer
recorded after the transition to CPL 0 upon PMI arrival. When branch
entries are read in the PMI handler, the branch stack does not change.

E.g.

$ perf record -j any,u -e ex_ret_brn_tkn ./workload

Since the feature bit is visible under flags in /proc/cpuinfo, it can be
used to determine the feasibility of use-cases which require LBR Freeze
to be supported by the hardware such as profile-guided optimization of
kernels.

Fixes: ca5b7c0d9621 ("perf/x86/amd/lbr: Add LbrExtV2 branch record support")
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/69a453c97cfd11c6f2584b19f937fe6df741510f.1711091584.git.sandipan.das@amd.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Discard erroneous branch entries

The Revision Guide for AMD Family 19h Model 10-1Fh processors declares
Erratum 1452 which states that non-branch entries may erroneously be
recorded in the Last Branch Record (LBR) stack with the valid and
spec bits set.

Such entries can be recognized by inspecting bit 61 of the corresponding
LastBranchStackToIp register. This bit is currently reserved but if found
to be set, the associated branch entry should be discarded.

Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/attachment.cgi?id=305518
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/3ad2aa305f7396d41a40e3f054f740d464b16b7f.1706526029.git.sandipan.das@amd.com

perf: Rewrite core context handling

There have been various issues and limitations with the way perf uses
(task) contexts to track events. Most notable is the single hardware
PMU task context, which has resulted in a number of yucky things (both
proposed and merged).

Notably:
- HW breakpoint PMU
- ARM big.little PMU / Intel ADL PMU
- Intel Branch Monitoring PMU
- AMD IBS PMU
- S390 cpum_cf PMU
- PowerPC trace_imc PMU

*Current design:*

Currently we have a per task and per cpu perf_event_contexts:

task_struct::perf_events_ctxp[] <-> perf_event_context <-> perf_cpu_context
^ | ^ | ^
`---------------------------------' | `--> pmu ---'
v ^
perf_event ------'

Each task has an array of pointers to a perf_event_context. Each
perf_event_context has a direct relation to a PMU and a group of
events for that PMU. The task related perf_event_context's have a
pointer back to that task.

Each PMU has a per-cpu pointer to a per-cpu perf_cpu_context, which
includes a perf_event_context, which again has a direct relation to
that PMU, and a group of events for that PMU.

The perf_cpu_context also tracks which task context is currently
associated with that CPU and includes a few other things like the
hrtimer for rotation etc.

Each perf_event is then associated with its PMU and one
perf_event_context.

*Proposed design:*

New design proposed by this patch reduce to a single task context and
a single CPU context but adds some intermediate data-structures:

task_struct::perf_event_ctxp -> perf_event_context <- perf_cpu_context
^ | ^ ^
`---------------------------' | |
| | perf_cpu_pmu_context <--.
| `----. ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| ,--> perf_event_pmu_context |
| | |
| | |
v v |
perf_event ---> pmu ----------------'

With the new design, perf_event_context will hold all events for all
pmus in the (respective pinned/flexible) rbtrees. This can be achieved
by adding pmu to rbtree key:

{cpu, pmu, cgroup, group_index}

Each perf_event_context carries a list of perf_event_pmu_context which
is used to hold per-pmu-per-context state. For example, it keeps track
of currently active events for that pmu, a pmu specific task_ctx_data,
a flag to tell whether rotation is required or not etc.

Additionally, perf_cpu_pmu_context is used to hold per-pmu-per-cpu
state like hrtimer details to drive the event rotation, a pointer to
perf_event_pmu_context of currently running task and some other
ancillary information.

Each perf_event is associated to it's pmu, perf_event_context and
perf_event_pmu_context.

Further optimizations to current implementation are possible. For
example, ctx_resched() can be optimized to reschedule only single pmu
events.

Much thanks to Ravi for picking this up and pushing it towards
completion.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Co-developed-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221008062424.313-1-ravi.bangoria@amd.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Adjust LBR regardless of filtering

In case of fused compare and taken branch instructions, the AMD LBR points to
the compare instruction instead of the branch. Users of LBR usually expects
the from address to point to a branch instruction. The kernel has code to
adjust the from address via get_branch_type_fused(). However this correction
is only applied when a branch filter is applied. That means that if no
filter is present, the quality of the data is lower.

Fix the problem by applying the adjustment regardless of the filter setting,
bringing the AMD LBR to the same level as other LBR implementations.

Fixes: 245268c19f70 ("perf/x86/amd/lbr: Use fusion-aware branch classifier")
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220928184043.408364-3-eranian@google.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Add LbrExtV2 branch speculation info support

Provide branch speculation information captured via AMD Last Branch Record
Extension Version 2 (LbrExtV2) by setting the speculation info in branch
records. The info is based on the "valid" and "spec" bits in the Branch To
registers.

Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/ddc02f6320464cad0e3ff5bdb2314531568a91bc.1660211399.git.sandipan.das@amd.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Use fusion-aware branch classifier

AMD Last Branch Record Extension Version 2 (LbrExtV2) can report a branch
from address that points to an instruction preceding the actual branch by
several bytes due to branch fusion and further optimizations in Zen4
processors.

In such cases, software should move forward sequentially in the instruction
stream from the reported address and the address of the first branch
encountered should be used instead. Hence, use the fusion-aware branch
classifier to determine the correct branch type and get the offset for
adjusting the branch from address.

Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/c324d2d0a9c3976da30b9563d09e50bfee0f264d.1660211399.git.sandipan.das@amd.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Add LbrExtV2 software branch filter support

With AMD Last Branch Record Extension Version 2 (LbrExtV2), it is necessary
to process the branch records further as hardware filtering is not granular
enough for identifying certain types of branches. E.g. to record system
calls, one should record far branches. The filter captures both far calls
and far returns but the irrelevant records are filtered out based on the
branch type as seen by the branch classifier.

Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e51de057517f77788abd393c832e8dea616d489c.1660211399.git.sandipan.das@amd.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Add LbrExtV2 hardware branch filter support

If AMD Last Branch Record Extension Version 2 (LbrExtV2) is detected,
convert the requested branch filter (PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_* flags) to the
corresponding hardware filter value and stash it in the event data when
a branch stack is requested. The hardware filter value is also saved in
per-CPU areas for use during event scheduling.

Hardware filtering is provided by the LBR Branch Select register. It has
bits which when set, suppress recording of the following types of branches:

* CPL = 0 (Kernel only)
* CPL > 0 (Userspace only)
* Conditional Branches
* Near Relative Calls
* Near Indirect Calls
* Near Returns
* Near Indirect Jumps (excluding Near Indirect Calls and Near Returns)
* Near Relative Jumps (excluding Near Relative Calls)
* Far Branches

Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/9336af5c9785b8e14c62220fc0e6cfb10ab97de3.1660211399.git.sandipan.das@amd.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Add LbrExtV2 branch record support

If AMD Last Branch Record Extension Version 2 (LbrExtV2) is detected,
enable it alongside LBR Freeze on PMI when an event requests branch stack
i.e. PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK.

Each branch record is represented by a pair of registers, LBR From and LBR
To. The freeze feature prevents any updates to these registers once a PMC
overflows. The contents remain unchanged until the freeze bit is cleared by
the PMI handler.

The branch records are read and copied to sample data before unfreezing.
However, only valid entries are copied. There is no additional register to
denote which of the register pairs represent the top of the stack (TOS)
since internal register renaming always ensures that the first pair (i.e.
index 0) is the one representing the most recent branch and so on.

The LBR registers are per-thread resources and are cleared explicitly
whenever a new task is scheduled in. There are no special implications on
the contents of these registers when transitioning to deep C-states.

Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/d3b8500a3627a0d4d0259b005891ee248f248d91.1660211399.git.sandipan.das@amd.com

perf/x86/amd/lbr: Detect LbrExtV2 support

AMD Last Branch Record Extension Version 2 (LbrExtV2) is driven by Core PMC
overflows. It records recently taken branches up to the moment when the PMC
overflow occurs.

Detect the feature during PMU initialization and set the branch stack depth
using CPUID leaf 0x80000022 EBX.

Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan.das@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/fc6e45378ada258f1bab79b0de6e05c393a8f1dd.1660211399.git.sandipan.das@amd.com