License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

debug: Fix WARN_ON_ONCE() for modules

Mike Galbraith reported a situation where a WARN_ON_ONCE() call in DRM
code turned into an oops. As it turns out, WARN_ON_ONCE() seems to be
completely broken when called from a module.

The bug was introduced with the following commit:

19d436268dde ("debug: Add _ONCE() logic to report_bug()")

That commit changed WARN_ON_ONCE() to move its 'once' logic into the bug
trap handler. It requires a writable bug table so that the BUGFLAG_DONE
bit can be written to the flags to indicate the first warning has
occurred.

The bug table was made writable for vmlinux, which relies on
vmlinux.lds.S and vmlinux.lds.h for laying out the sections. However,
it wasn't made writable for modules, which rely on the ELF section
header flags.

Reported-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 19d436268dde ("debug: Add _ONCE() logic to report_bug()")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a53b04235a65478dd9afc51f5b329fdc65c84364.1500095401.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

sh: mark end of BUG() implementation as unreachable

When building the sh architecture, the compiler doesn't realize that
BUG() doesn't return, so it will complain about functions using BUG()
that are marked with the noreturn attribute:

lib/string.c: In function 'fortify_panic':
>> lib/string.c:986:1: warning: 'noreturn' function does return
}
^

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170627192050.GA66784@beast
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

debug: Add _ONCE() logic to report_bug()

Josh suggested moving the _ONCE logic inside the trap handler, using a
bit in the bug_entry::flags field, avoiding the need for the extra
variable.

Sadly this only works for WARN_ON_ONCE(), since the others have
printk() statements prior to triggering the trap.

Still, this saves a fair amount of text and some data:

text data filename
10682460 4530992 defconfig-build/vmlinux.orig
10665111 4530096 defconfig-build/vmlinux.patched

Suggested-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

sh: Consolidate die definitions for trap handlers.

This kills off the _64 versions and consolidates on the more robust _32
versions instead.

Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>

Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH

Disintegrate asm/system.h for SH.

Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
cc: linux-sh@vger.kernel.org

panic: Allow warnings to set different taint flags

WARN() is used in some places to report firmware or hardware bugs that
are then worked-around. These bugs do not affect the stability of the
kernel and should not set the flag for TAINT_WARN. To allow for this,
add WARN_TAINT() and WARN_TAINT_ONCE() macros that take a taint number
as argument.

Architectures that implement warnings using trap instructions instead
of calls to warn_slowpath_*() now implement __WARN_TAINT(taint)
instead of __WARN().

Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Tested-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>

sh64: dummy unwinder BUG wrappers.

sh64 does not yet support GENERIC_BUG, but still wants unwinder support.
Alias UNWINDER_BUG and UNWINDER_BUG_ON to their BUG counterparts until
the conversion to GENERIC_BUG is completed.

Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>

sh: unwinder: Use a special bug flag for unwinder traps.

This simplifies the unwinder trap handling, dropping the use of the
special trapa vector and simply piggybacking on top of the BUG support. A
new BUGFLAG_UNWINDER is added for flagging the unwinder fault, before
continuing on with regular BUG dispatch.

Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>

sh: unwinder: Introduce UNWINDER_BUG() and UNWINDER_BUG_ON()

We can't assume that if we execute the unwinder code and the unwinder
was already running that it has faulted. Clearly two kernel threads can
invoke the unwinder at the same time and may be running simultaneously.

The previous approach used BUG() and BUG_ON() in the unwinder code to
detect whether the unwinder was incapable of unwinding the stack, and
that the next available unwinder should be used instead. A better
approach is to explicitly invoke a trap handler to switch unwinders when
the current unwinder cannot continue.

Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@console-pimps.org>

sh: migrate to arch/sh/include/

This follows the sparc changes a439fe51a1f8eb087c22dd24d69cebae4a3addac.

Most of the moving about was done with Sam's directions at:

http://marc.info/?l=linux-sh&m=121724823706062&w=2

with subsequent hacking and fixups entirely my fault.

Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>