membarrier: riscv: Add full memory barrier in switch_mm()

The membarrier system call requires a full memory barrier after storing
to rq->curr, before going back to user-space. The barrier is only
needed when switching between processes: the barrier is implied by
mmdrop() when switching from kernel to userspace, and it's not needed
when switching from userspace to kernel.

Rely on the feature/mechanism ARCH_HAS_MEMBARRIER_CALLBACKS and on the
primitive membarrier_arch_switch_mm(), already adopted by the PowerPC
architecture, to insert the required barrier.

Fixes: fab957c11efe2f ("RISC-V: Atomic and Locking Code")
Signed-off-by: Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240131144936.29190-2-parri.andrea@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>

riscv: mm: use bitmap_zero() API

bitmap_zero() is faster than bitmap_clear(), so use bitmap_zero()
instead of bitmap_clear().

Signed-off-by: Ye Xingchen <ye.xingchen@zte.com.cn>
Reviewed-by: Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/202305061711417142802@zte.com.cn
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>

riscv: mm: Fix incorrect ASID argument when flushing TLB

Currently, we pass the CONTEXTID instead of the ASID to the TLB flush
function. We should only take the ASID field to prevent from touching
the reserved bit field.

Fixes: 3f1e782998cd ("riscv: add ASID-based tlbflushing methods")
Signed-off-by: Dylan Jhong <dylan@andestech.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Matyukevich <sergey.matyukevich@syntacore.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230313034906.2401730-1-dylan@andestech.com
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>

riscv: asid: Fixup stale TLB entry cause application crash

After use_asid_allocator is enabled, the userspace application will
crash by stale TLB entries. Because only using cpumask_clear_cpu without
local_flush_tlb_all couldn't guarantee CPU's TLB entries were fresh.
Then set_mm_asid would cause the user space application to get a stale
value by stale TLB entry, but set_mm_noasid is okay.

Here is the symptom of the bug:
unhandled signal 11 code 0x1 (coredump)
0x0000003fd6d22524 <+4>: auipc s0,0x70
0x0000003fd6d22528 <+8>: ld s0,-148(s0) # 0x3fd6d92490
=> 0x0000003fd6d2252c <+12>: ld a5,0(s0)
(gdb) i r s0
s0 0x8082ed1cc3198b21 0x8082ed1cc3198b21
(gdb) x /2x 0x3fd6d92490
0x3fd6d92490: 0xd80ac8a8 0x0000003f
The core dump file shows that register s0 is wrong, but the value in
memory is correct. Because 'ld s0, -148(s0)' used a stale mapping entry
in TLB and got a wrong result from an incorrect physical address.

When the task ran on CPU0, which loaded/speculative-loaded the value of
address(0x3fd6d92490), then the first version of the mapping entry was
PTWed into CPU0's TLB.
When the task switched from CPU0 to CPU1 (No local_tlb_flush_all here by
asid), it happened to write a value on the address (0x3fd6d92490). It
caused do_page_fault -> wp_page_copy -> ptep_clear_flush ->
ptep_get_and_clear & flush_tlb_page.
The flush_tlb_page used mm_cpumask(mm) to determine which CPUs need TLB
flush, but CPU0 had cleared the CPU0's mm_cpumask in the previous
switch_mm. So we only flushed the CPU1 TLB and set the second version
mapping of the PTE. When the task switched from CPU1 to CPU0 again, CPU0
still used a stale TLB mapping entry which contained a wrong target
physical address. It raised a bug when the task happened to read that
value.

CPU0 CPU1
- switch 'task' in
- read addr (Fill stale mapping
entry into TLB)
- switch 'task' out (no tlb_flush)
- switch 'task' in (no tlb_flush)
- write addr cause pagefault
do_page_fault() (change to
new addr mapping)
wp_page_copy()
ptep_clear_flush()
ptep_get_and_clear()
& flush_tlb_page()
write new value into addr
- switch 'task' out (no tlb_flush)
- switch 'task' in (no tlb_flush)
- read addr again (Use stale
mapping entry in TLB)
get wrong value from old phyical
addr, BUG!

The solution is to keep all CPUs' footmarks of cpumask(mm) in switch_mm,
which could guarantee to invalidate all stale TLB entries during TLB
flush.

Fixes: 65d4b9c53017 ("RISC-V: Implement ASID allocator")
Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <guoren@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com>
Tested-by: Zong Li <zong.li@sifive.com>
Tested-by: Sergey Matyukevich <sergey.matyukevich@syntacore.com>
Cc: Anup Patel <apatel@ventanamicro.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Andrew Jones <ajones@ventanamicro.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230226150137.1919750-3-geomatsi@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>

Revert "riscv: mm: notify remote harts about mmu cache updates"

This reverts the remaining bits of commit 4bd1d80efb5a ("riscv: mm:
notify remote harts harts about mmu cache updates").

According to bug reports, suggested approach to fix stale TLB entries
is not sufficient. It needs to be replaced by a more robust solution.

Fixes: 4bd1d80efb5a ("riscv: mm: notify remote harts about mmu cache updates")
Reported-by: Zong Li <zong.li@sifive.com>
Reported-by: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Matyukevich <sergey.matyukevich@syntacore.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230226150137.1919750-2-geomatsi@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>

riscv: mm: notify remote harts about mmu cache updates

Current implementation of update_mmu_cache function performs local TLB
flush. It does not take into account ASID information. Besides, it does
not take into account other harts currently running the same mm context
or possible migration of the running context to other harts. Meanwhile
TLB flush is not performed for every context switch if ASID support
is enabled.

Patch [1] proposed to add ASID support to update_mmu_cache to avoid
flushing local TLB entirely. This patch takes into account other
harts currently running the same mm context as well as possible
migration of this context to other harts.

For this purpose the approach from flush_icache_mm is reused. Remote
harts currently running the same mm context are informed via SBI calls
that they need to flush their local TLBs. All the other harts are marked
as needing a deferred TLB flush when this mm context runs on them.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20220821013926.8968-1-tjytimi@163.com/

Signed-off-by: Sergey Matyukevich <sergey.matyukevich@syntacore.com>
Fixes: 65d4b9c53017 ("RISC-V: Implement ASID allocator")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-riscv/20220829205219.283543-1-geomatsi@gmail.com/#t
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>

riscv: Implement sv48 support

By adding a new 4th level of page table, give the possibility to 64bit
kernel to address 2^48 bytes of virtual address: in practice, that offers
128TB of virtual address space to userspace and allows up to 64TB of
physical memory.

If the underlying hardware does not support sv48, we will automatically
fallback to a standard 3-level page table by folding the new PUD level into
PGDIR level. In order to detect HW capabilities at runtime, we
use SATP feature that ignores writes with an unsupported mode.

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexandre.ghiti@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>

riscv: mm: don't advertise 1 num_asid for 0 asid bits

Even if mmu doesn't support ASID, current code calculates @num_asids=1
which is misleading, so avoid setting any asid related variables in such
case.

Also while here, print the number of asid bits discovered even for the
disabled case.

Verified this on Hifive Unmatched.

Reviewed-by: Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org>
Signed-off-by: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>

riscv: add ASID-based tlbflushing methods

Implement optimized version of the tlb flushing routines for systems
using ASIDs. These are behind the use_asid_allocator static branch to
not affect existing systems not using ASIDs.

Signed-off-by: Guo Ren <guoren@linux.alibaba.com>
[hch: rebased on top of previous cleanups, use the same algorithm as
the non-ASID based code for local vs global flushes, keep functions
as local as possible]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>

riscv: mm: Use better bitmap_zalloc()

Use better bitmap_zalloc() to allocate bitmap.

Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>

riscv: Add __init section marker to some functions again

These functions are not needed after booting, so mark them as __init
to move them to the __init section.

Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>

riscv: Optimize switch_mm by passing "cpu" to flush_icache_deferred()

Directly passing the cpu to flush_icache_deferred() rather than calling
smp_processor_id() again.

Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@kernel.org>
[Palmer: drop the QEMU performance numbers, and update the comment]
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>

RISC-V: Implement ASID allocator

Currently, we do local TLB flush on every MM switch. This is very harsh on
performance because we are forcing page table walks after every MM switch.

This patch implements ASID allocator for assigning an ASID to a MM context.
The number of ASIDs are limited in HW so we create a logical entity named
CONTEXTID for assigning to MM context. The lower bits of CONTEXTID are ASID
and upper bits are VERSION number. The number of usable ASID bits supported
by HW are detected at boot-time by writing 1s to ASID bits in SATP CSR.

We allocate new CONTEXTID on first MM switch for a MM context where the
ASID is allocated from an ASID bitmap and VERSION is provide by an atomic
counter. At time of allocating new CONTEXTID, if we run out of available
ASIDs then:
1. We flush the ASID bitmap
2. Increment current VERSION atomic counter
3. Re-allocate ASID from ASID bitmap
4. Flush TLB on all CPUs
5. Try CONTEXTID re-assignment on all CPUs

Please note that we don't use ASID #0 because it is used at boot-time by
all CPUs for initial MM context. Also, newly created context is always
assigned CONTEXTID #0 (i.e. VERSION #0 and ASID #0) which is an invalid
context in our implementation.

Using above approach, we have virtually infinite CONTEXTIDs on-top-of
limited number of HW ASIDs. This approach is inspired from ASID allocator
used for Linux ARM/ARM64 but we have adapted it for RISC-V. Overall, this
ASID allocator helps us reduce rate of local TLB flushes on every CPU
thereby increasing performance.

This patch is tested on QEMU virt machine, Spike and SiFive Unleashed
board. On QEMU virt machine, we see some (3-5% approx) performance
improvement with SW emulated TLBs provided by QEMU. Unfortunately,
the ASID bits of the SATP CSR are not implemented on Spike and SiFive
Unleashed board so we don't see any change in performance. On real HW
having all ASID bits implemented, the performance gains will be much
more due improved sharing of TLB among different processes.

Signed-off-by: Anup Patel <anup.patel@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmerdabbelt@google.com>

riscv: add nommu support

The kernel runs in M-mode without using page tables, and thus can't run
bare metal without help from additional firmware.

Most of the patch is just stubbing out code not needed without page
tables, but there is an interesting detail in the signals implementation:

- The normal RISC-V syscall ABI only implements rt_sigreturn as VDSO
entry point, but the ELF VDSO is not supported for nommu Linux.
We instead copy the code to call the syscall onto the stack.

In addition to enabling the nommu code a new defconfig for a small
kernel image that can run in nommu mode on qemu is also provided, to run
a kernel in qemu you can use the following command line:

qemu-system-riscv64 -smp 2 -m 64 -machine virt -nographic \
-kernel arch/riscv/boot/loader \
-drive file=rootfs.ext2,format=raw,id=hd0 \
-device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0

Contains contributions from Damien Le Moal <Damien.LeMoal@wdc.com>.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org>
[paul.walmsley@sifive.com: updated to apply; add CONFIG_MMU guards
around PCI_IOBASE definition to fix build issues; fixed checkpatch
issues; move the PCI_IO_* and VMEMMAP address space macros along
with the others; resolve sparse warning]
Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>

riscv: add missing header file includes

sparse identifies several missing prototypes caused by missing
preprocessor include directives:

arch/riscv/kernel/cpufeature.c:16:6: warning: symbol 'has_fpu' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/kernel/process.c:26:6: warning: symbol 'arch_cpu_idle' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/kernel/reset.c:15:6: warning: symbol 'pm_power_off' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/kernel/syscall_table.c:15:6: warning: symbol 'sys_call_table' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/kernel/traps.c:149:13: warning: symbol 'trap_init' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/kernel/vdso.c:54:5: warning: symbol 'arch_setup_additional_pages' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/kernel/smp.c:64:6: warning: symbol 'arch_match_cpu_phys_id' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/kernel/module-sections.c:89:5: warning: symbol 'module_frob_arch_sections' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/riscv/mm/context.c:42:6: warning: symbol 'switch_mm' was not declared. Should it be static?

Fix by including the appropriate header files in the appropriate
source files.

This patch should have no functional impact.

Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

riscv: Using CSR numbers to access CSRs

Since commit a3182c91ef4e ("RISC-V: Access CSRs using CSR numbers"),
we should prefer accessing CSRs using their CSR numbers, but there
are several leftovers like sstatus / sptbr we missed.

Signed-off-by: Bin Meng <bmeng.cn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>

riscv: move switch_mm to its own file

switch_mm is an expensive operations that has two users.
flush_icache_deferred is only called within switch_mm and can be moved
together. The function is expected to be more complicated when ASID
support is added, so clean up eagerly.

By moving them to a separate file we also removes some excessive
dependency of tlbflush.h and cacheflush.h.

Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>