kernel: pae paging: align *TableEntry() with 64bit paging

use SetTableEntry() in PutPageTableInPageDir() and PutPageTableEntryInTable().

kernel: support for Intel SMAP and SMEP on x86_64.

SMAP will generated page faults when the kernel tries to access user pages unless overriden.
If SMAP is enabled, the override instructions are written where needed in memory with
binary "altcodepatches".
Support is enabled by default, might be disabled per safemode setting.

Change-Id: Ife26cd765056aeaf65b2ffa3cadd0dcf4e273a96

kernel/{x86, vm}: Add more error checks in VM initialization

x86/paging: Do not use array placement new

Array placement new has implementation defined memory overhead what
makes it pretty useless.

x86/paging: Use ROUNUP() to compute the number of initial slots

x86: Allocate as much initial physical page pools as needed

When switching to PAE don't copy not needed PTEs

Now we check whether the virtual address corresponding to the PTE lies
in an allocated virtual address range. This fixes a cause of #8345:
The assertion would trigger when such an entry was encountered. There
might be other causes that trigger the same assertion, though.

x86[_64]: Enable NX on non-boot CPUs as soon as possible

x86[_64]: Enable NX on non-boot CPUs as soon as possible

arch: make sure not to set NX-bit when it is reserved

arch: NX is initialized too early on non-boot CPUs

x86: enable data execution prevention

Set execute disable bit for any page that belongs to area with neither
B_EXECUTE_AREA nor B_KERNEL_EXECUTE_AREA set.

In order to take advanage of NX bit in 32 bit protected mode PAE must be
enabled. Thus, from now on it is also enabled when the CPU supports NX bit.

vm_page_fault() takes additional argument which indicates whether page fault
was caused by an illegal instruction fetch.

Add support for pthread_attr_get/setguardsize()

* Added the aforementioned functions.
* create_area_etc() now takes a guard size parameter.
* The thread_info::stack_base/end range now refers to the usable range
only.

Finished implementation of x86_64 paging.

* vm_init now runs up until create_preloaded_image_areas(), which needs
fixing to handle ELF64.
* Not completely tested. I know Map(), Unmap() and Query() work fine, the
other methods have not been tested as the kernel doesn't boot far enough
for any of them to be called yet. As far as I know they're correct, though.
* Not yet implemented the destructor for X86VMTranslationMap64Bit or Init()
for a user address space.

x86_{read,write}_cr{0,4} can just be implemented as macros, put an x86_ prefix on the other read/write macros for consistency.

Implemented long mode setup/switch code, the bootloader can now start the 64-bit kernel!

The setup procedure is fairly simple: create a 64-bit GDT and 64-bit page
tables that include all kernel mappings from the 32-bit address space, but at
the correct 64-bit address, then go through kernel_args and changes all virtual
addresses to 64-bit addresses, and finally switch to long mode and jump to the
kernel.

* Fixed warnings that occur with GCC4.4.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37597 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Removed unnecessary inclusions of <boot/kernel_args.h> in private kernel
headers and respectively added includes in source files.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37259 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Disabled tracing and removed a bit of debug output.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37229 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

* Introduced structures {virtual,physical}_address_restrictions, which specify
restrictions for virtual/physical addresses.
* vm_page_allocate_page_run():
- Fixed conversion of base/limit to array indexes. sPhysicalPageOffset was not
taken into account.
- Takes a physical_address_restrictions instead of base/limit and also
supports alignment and boundary restrictions, now.
* map_backing_store(), VM[User,Kernel]AddressSpace::InsertArea()/
ReserveAddressRange() take a virtual_address_restrictions parameter, now. They
also support an alignment independent from the range size.
* create_area_etc(), vm_create_anonymous_area(): Take
{virtual,physical}_address_restrictions parameters, now.
* Removed no longer needed B_PHYSICAL_BASE_ADDRESS.
* DMAResources:
- Fixed potential overflows of uint32 when initializing from device node
attributes.
- Fixed bounce buffer creation TODOs: By using create_area_etc() with the
new restrictions parameters we can directly support physical high address,
boundary, and alignment.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37131 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

X86PagingMethodPAE::PutPageTableEntryInTable(): Incorrectly used 32 bit type,
which caused the upper 32 bit of the address to be ignored, thus mapping to
the wrong page.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37130 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Enable PAE on all CPUs.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37106 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

* Implemented X86PagingMethodPAE::PhysicalPageSlotPool::AllocatePool().
* Implemented X86PagingMethodPAE::IsKernelPageAccessible().


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37104 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Added methods {Allocate,Free}32BitPage(), which allocate+map/unmap+free a
page with a 32 bit physical address (needed for the PDPTs). A small set of
free pages is cached, so the rather expensive vm_page_allocate_page_run() can
be avoided most of the time.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37088 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Fleshed out most of the unimplemented methods. The kernel boots up to the
creation of the initial shell, now.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37085 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Implemented X86PagingMethodPAE::Init() and all of its direct dependencies:
* The 32 bit paging structures inherited from the boot loader are translated
to PAE structures and PAE is enabled.
* Implemented the initialization of the initial PhysicalPageSlotPool, so that
the physical page mapper can be initialized.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37076 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Skeleton classes for PAE support.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37066 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

kernel/{x86, vm}: Add more error checks in VM initialization

x86/paging: Do not use array placement new

Array placement new has implementation defined memory overhead what
makes it pretty useless.

x86/paging: Use ROUNUP() to compute the number of initial slots

x86: Allocate as much initial physical page pools as needed

When switching to PAE don't copy not needed PTEs

Now we check whether the virtual address corresponding to the PTE lies
in an allocated virtual address range. This fixes a cause of #8345:
The assertion would trigger when such an entry was encountered. There
might be other causes that trigger the same assertion, though.

x86[_64]: Enable NX on non-boot CPUs as soon as possible

x86[_64]: Enable NX on non-boot CPUs as soon as possible

arch: make sure not to set NX-bit when it is reserved

arch: NX is initialized too early on non-boot CPUs

x86: enable data execution prevention

Set execute disable bit for any page that belongs to area with neither
B_EXECUTE_AREA nor B_KERNEL_EXECUTE_AREA set.

In order to take advanage of NX bit in 32 bit protected mode PAE must be
enabled. Thus, from now on it is also enabled when the CPU supports NX bit.

vm_page_fault() takes additional argument which indicates whether page fault
was caused by an illegal instruction fetch.

Add support for pthread_attr_get/setguardsize()

* Added the aforementioned functions.
* create_area_etc() now takes a guard size parameter.
* The thread_info::stack_base/end range now refers to the usable range
only.

Finished implementation of x86_64 paging.

* vm_init now runs up until create_preloaded_image_areas(), which needs
fixing to handle ELF64.
* Not completely tested. I know Map(), Unmap() and Query() work fine, the
other methods have not been tested as the kernel doesn't boot far enough
for any of them to be called yet. As far as I know they're correct, though.
* Not yet implemented the destructor for X86VMTranslationMap64Bit or Init()
for a user address space.

x86_{read,write}_cr{0,4} can just be implemented as macros, put an x86_ prefix on the other read/write macros for consistency.

Implemented long mode setup/switch code, the bootloader can now start the 64-bit kernel!

The setup procedure is fairly simple: create a 64-bit GDT and 64-bit page
tables that include all kernel mappings from the 32-bit address space, but at
the correct 64-bit address, then go through kernel_args and changes all virtual
addresses to 64-bit addresses, and finally switch to long mode and jump to the
kernel.

* Fixed warnings that occur with GCC4.4.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37597 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Removed unnecessary inclusions of <boot/kernel_args.h> in private kernel
headers and respectively added includes in source files.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37259 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Disabled tracing and removed a bit of debug output.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37229 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

* Introduced structures {virtual,physical}_address_restrictions, which specify
restrictions for virtual/physical addresses.
* vm_page_allocate_page_run():
- Fixed conversion of base/limit to array indexes. sPhysicalPageOffset was not
taken into account.
- Takes a physical_address_restrictions instead of base/limit and also
supports alignment and boundary restrictions, now.
* map_backing_store(), VM[User,Kernel]AddressSpace::InsertArea()/
ReserveAddressRange() take a virtual_address_restrictions parameter, now. They
also support an alignment independent from the range size.
* create_area_etc(), vm_create_anonymous_area(): Take
{virtual,physical}_address_restrictions parameters, now.
* Removed no longer needed B_PHYSICAL_BASE_ADDRESS.
* DMAResources:
- Fixed potential overflows of uint32 when initializing from device node
attributes.
- Fixed bounce buffer creation TODOs: By using create_area_etc() with the
new restrictions parameters we can directly support physical high address,
boundary, and alignment.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37131 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

X86PagingMethodPAE::PutPageTableEntryInTable(): Incorrectly used 32 bit type,
which caused the upper 32 bit of the address to be ignored, thus mapping to
the wrong page.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37130 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Enable PAE on all CPUs.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37106 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

* Implemented X86PagingMethodPAE::PhysicalPageSlotPool::AllocatePool().
* Implemented X86PagingMethodPAE::IsKernelPageAccessible().


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37104 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Added methods {Allocate,Free}32BitPage(), which allocate+map/unmap+free a
page with a 32 bit physical address (needed for the PDPTs). A small set of
free pages is cached, so the rather expensive vm_page_allocate_page_run() can
be avoided most of the time.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37088 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Fleshed out most of the unimplemented methods. The kernel boots up to the
creation of the initial shell, now.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37085 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Implemented X86PagingMethodPAE::Init() and all of its direct dependencies:
* The 32 bit paging structures inherited from the boot loader are translated
to PAE structures and PAE is enabled.
* Implemented the initialization of the initial PhysicalPageSlotPool, so that
the physical page mapper can be initialized.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37076 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96

Skeleton classes for PAE support.


git-svn-id: file:///srv/svn/repos/haiku/haiku/trunk@37066 a95241bf-73f2-0310-859d-f6bbb57e9c96