sqlite3: Vendor import of sqlite3 3.40.0

Changes at https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_40_0.html

Obtained from: https://www.sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3400000.tar.gz

Merge commit 'ac50343d44f8dff1efe667b4713de4b1351a19e1' into main

MFV r342175:

Update sqlite3-3.23.1 --> sqlite3-3.26.0 (3260000)

MFC after: 3 days
Security: https://blade.tencent.com/magellan/index_en.html
No known CVE was apparently registered.