Copy stable/9 to releng/9.3 as part of the 9.3-RELEASE cycle.

Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

Merge the second part of the unmapped I/O changes. This enables the
infrastructure in the block layer and UFS filesystem as well as a few
drivers. The list of MFC revisions is long, so I won't quote changelogs.

r248508,248510,248511,248512,248514,248515,248516,248517,248518,
248519,248520,248521,248550,248568,248789,248790,249032,250936

Submitted by: kib
Approved by: kib
Obtained from: Netflix

Copy head to stable/9 as part of 9.0-RELEASE release cycle.

Approved by: re (implicit)

Implement the linprocfs swaps file, providing information about the
configured swap devices in the Linux-compatible format.

Based on the submission by: Robert Millan <rmh debian org>
PR: kern/159281
Reviewed by: bde
Approved by: re (kensmith)
MFC after: 2 weeks

- Move 'struct swdevt' back into swap_pager.h and expose it to userland.
- Restore support for fetching swap information from crash dumps via
kvm_get_swapinfo(3) to fix pstat -T/-s on crash dumps.

Reviewed by: arch@, phk
MFC after: 1 week

On shutdown try to turn off all swap devices. This way GEOM providers are
properly closed on shutdown.

Requested by: ru
Reviewed by: alc
MFC after: 2 weeks

/* -> /*- for license, minor formatting changes

Remove advertising clause from University of California Regent's license,
per letter dated July 22, 1999.

Approved by: core

Staticize swap_pager_putpages()

Eliminate a lot of checkes to make sure requests are not cross-device
which is unnecessary with the new layout. We know a sequential request
cannot possibly be cross-device because there is a reserved page between
the devices.

Remove a couple of comments which no longer are relevant.

Change the layout policy of the swap_pager from a hardcoded width
striping to a per device round-robin algorithm.

Because of the policy of not attempting to retain previous swap
allocation on page-out, this means that a newly added swap device
almost instantly takes its 1/N share of the I/O load but it takes
somewhat longer for it to assume it's 1/N share of the pages if there
is plenty of space on the other devices.

Change the 8G total swapspace limitation to 8G per device instead
by using a per device blist rather than one global blist. This
reduces the memory footprint by 75% (typically a couple hundred
kilobytes) for the common case with one swapdevice but NSWAPDEV=4.

Remove the compile time constant limit of number of swap devices,
there is no limit now. Instead of a fixed size array, store the
per swapdev structure in a TAILQ.

Total swap space is still addressed by a 32 bit page number and
therefore the upper limit is now 2^42 bytes = 16TB (for i386).

We still do not allocate the first page of each device in order to
give some amount of protection to any bsdlabel at the start of the
device.

A new device is appended after the existing devices in the swap space,
no attempt is made to fill in holes left behind by swapoff (this can
trivially be changed should it ever become a problem).

The sysctl vm.nswapdev now reflects the number of currently configured
swap devices.

Rename vm_swap_size to swap_pager_avail for consistency with other
exported names.

Change argument type for vm_proc_swapin_all() and swap_pager_isswapped()
to be a struct swdevt pointer rather than an index.

Not changed: we are still using blists to manage the free space,
but since the swapspace is no longer fragmented by the striping
different resource managers might fare better.

Remove unused stuff.

Move used stuff to swap_pager.c where it belongs.

This file no longer exports anything to userland.

Move the implementation of the vmspace_swap_count() (used only in
the "toss the largest process" emergency handling) from vm_map.c to
swap_pager.c.

The quantity calculated depends strongly on the internals of the
swap_pager and by moving it, we no longer need to expose the
internal metrics of the swap_pager to the world.

Add a new function swap_pager_status() which reports the total size of the
paging space and how much of it is in use (in pages).

Use this interface from the Linuxolator instead of groping around in the
internals of the swap_pager.

Merge swap_pager.c and vm_swap.c into swap_pager.c, the separation
is not natural and needlessly exposes a lot of dirty laundry.

Move private interfaces between the two from swap_pager.h to swap_pager.c
and staticize as much as possible.

No functional change.

Make sure that SWP_NPAGES always has the same value in all source
files, so that SWAP_META_PAGES does not vary either.

swap_pager.c ended up with a value of 16, everybody else 8. Go with
the 16 for now.

This should only have any effect in the "kill processes because we
are out of swap" scenario, where it will make some sort of estimate
of something more precise.

Make swap_pager_haspages() static; remove unused function prototypes.

- Move swap_pager_isswapped()'s prototype to a more logical place.

Remove unused declarations.

Make struct swblock kernel only, to make vm/swap_pager.h userland includable.
Move struct swdevt from sys/conf.h to the more appropriate vm/swap_pager.h.
Adjust #include use in libkvm and pstat(8) to match.

Avoid extern decls in .c files by putting them in the vm/swap_pager.h
include file where they belong.
Share the dmmax_mask variable.

Use correct _VM_SWAP_PAGER_H_ to check for multiple inclusion.

This is David Schultz's swapoff code which I am finally able to commit.
This should be considered highly experimental for the moment.

Submitted by: David Schultz <dschultz@uclink.Berkeley.EDU>
MFC after: 3 weeks

Use `struct uma_zone *' instead of uma_zone_t, so that <sys/uma.h> isn't
a prerequisite.

Remove references to vm_zone.h and switch over to the new uma API.

Remove __P.

- Remove a number of extra newlines that do not belong here according to
style(9)
- Minor space adjustment in cases where we have "( ", " )", if(), return(),
while(), for(), etc.
- Add /* SYMBOL */ after a few #endifs.

Reviewed by: alc

- If swap metadata does not fit into the KVM, reduce the number of
struct swblock entries by dividing the number of the entries by 2
until the swap metadata fits.

- Reject swapon(2) upon failure of swap_zone allocation.

This is just a temporary fix. Better solutions include:
(suggested by: dillon)

o reserving swap in SWAP_META_PAGES chunks, and
o swapping the swblock structures themselves.

Reviewed by: alfred, dillon

The swap bitmap allocator was not calculating the bitmap size properly
in the face of non-stripe-aligned swap areas. The bug could cause a
panic during boot.

Refuse to configure a swap area that is too large (67 GB or so)

Properly document the power-of-2 requirement for SWB_NPAGES.

The patch is slightly different then the one Tor enclosed in the P.R.,
but accomplishes the same thing.

PR: kern/20273
Submitted by: Tor.Egge@fast.no

Change #ifdef KERNEL to #ifdef _KERNEL in the public headers. "KERNEL"
is an application space macro and the applications are supposed to be free
to use it as they please (but cannot). This is consistant with the other
BSD's who made this change quite some time ago. More commits to come.

Remove the non-functional "swap device" userland front-end to the
multiplexed underlying swap devices (/dev/drum). The only thing it did
was to allow root to open /dev/drum, but not do anything with it.
Various utilities used to grovel around in here, but Matt has written
a much nicer (and clean) front-end to this for libkvm, and nothing uses
the old system any more.

The VM system was calling VOP_STRATEGY() on the vp of the first underlying
swap device (not the /dev/drum one, the first real device), and using
the VOP system to indirectly (and only) call swstrategy() to choose
an underlying device and enqueue it on that device. I have changed it
to avoid diverting through the VOP system and to call the only possible
target directly, saving a little bit of time and some complexity.

In all, nothing much changes, except some scaffolding to support the
roundabout way of calling swstrategy() is gone.

Matt gave me the ok to do this some time ago, and I apologize for taking
so long to get around to it.

Fix a number of spl bugs related to reserving and freeing swap space.
Swap space can be freed from an interrupt and so swap reservation and
freeing must occur at splvm.

Add swap_pager_reserve() code to support a new swap pre-reservation
capability for the VN device.

Generally cleanup the swap code by simplifying the swp_pager_meta_build()
static function and consolidating the SWAPBLK_NONE test from a bit test
to an absolute compare. The bit test was left over from a rejected
swap allocation scheme that was not ultimately committed. A few other
minor cleanups were also made.

Reorganize the swap strategy code, again for VN support, to not
reallocate swap when writing as this messes up pre-reservation and
can fragment I/O unnecessarily as VN-baesd disk is messed around with.

Reviewed by: Alan Cox <alc@cs.rice.edu>, David Greenman <dg@root.com>

$Id$ -> $FreeBSD$

vm_pager_put_pages() is passed an rcval array to hold per-page return
values. The 'int' return value for the procedure was never used and
not well defined in any case when there are mixed errors on pages, so
it has been removed. vm_pager_put_pages() and associated vm_pager
functions now return void.

This is a rather large commit that encompasses the new swapper,
changes to the VM system to support the new swapper, VM bug
fixes, several VM optimizations, and some additional revamping of the
VM code. The specific bug fixes will be documented with additional
forced commits. This commit is somewhat rough in regards to code
cleanup issues.

Reviewed by: "John S. Dyson" <root@dyson.iquest.net>, "David Greenman" <dg@root.com>

Removed no longer valid comment about swb_block being int instead of
daddr_t.

PR: 7238
Submitted by: Stefan Eggers <seggers@semyam.dinoco.de>

Tighten up management of memory and swap space during map allocation,
deallocation cycles. This should provide a measurable improvement
on swap and memory allocation on loaded systems. It is unlikely a
complete solution. Also, provide more map info with procfs.
Chuck Cranor spurred on this improvement.

Fix page prezeroing for SMP, and fix some potential paging-in-progress
hangs. The paging-in-progress diagnosis was a result of Tor Egge's
excellent detective work.
Submitted by: Partially from Tor Egge.

Significantly improve the efficiency of the swap pager, which appears to
have declined due to code-rot over time. The swap pager rundown code
has been clean-up, and unneeded wakeups removed. Lots of splbio's
are changed to splvm's. Also, set the dynamic tunables for the
pageout daemon to be more sane for larger systems (thereby decreasing
the daemon overheadla.)

Back out part 1 of the MCFH that changed $Id$ to $FreeBSD$. We are not
ready for it yet.

Make the long-awaited change from $Id$ to $FreeBSD$

This will make a number of things easier in the future, as well as (finally!)
avoiding the Id-smashing problem which has plagued developers for so long.

Boy, I'm glad we're not using sup anymore. This update would have been
insane otherwise.

Initial support for MADV_FREE, support for pages that we don't care
about the contents anymore. This gives us alot of the advantage of
freeing individual pages through munmap, but with almost none of the
overhead.

In order to fix some concurrency problems with the swap pager early
on in the FreeBSD development, I had made a global lock around the
rlist code. This was bogus, and now the lock is maintained on a
per resource list basis. This now allows the rlist code to be used for
almost any non-interrupt level application.

Fix a bunch of spelling errors in the comment fields of
a bunch of system include files.

Another mega commit to staticize things.

Changes to support 1Tb filesizes. Pages are now named by an
(object,index) pair instead of (object,offset) pair.

Fixed recent staticizations. Some protypes for static functions were
left in headers and not staticized.

Fix argument passing to the "freeer" routine. Added some prototypes. (bde)
Moved extern declaration of swap_pager_full into swap_pager.h and out of
the various files that reference it. (davidg)

Submitted by: bde & davidg

Make everything except the unsupported network sources compile cleanly
with -Wnested-externs.

1) Merged swpager structure into vm_object.
2) Changed swap_pager internal interfaces to cope w/#1.
3) Eliminated object->copy as we no longer have copy objects.
4) Minor stylistic changes.

NOTE: libkvm, w, ps, 'top', and any other utility which depends on struct
proc or any VM system structure will have to be rebuilt!!!

Much needed overhaul of the VM system. Included in this first round of
changes:

1) Improved pager interfaces: init, alloc, dealloc, getpages, putpages,
haspage, and sync operations are supported. The haspage interface now
provides information about clusterability. All pager routines now take
struct vm_object's instead of "pagers".

2) Improved data structures. In the previous paradigm, there is constant
confusion caused by pagers being both a data structure ("allocate a
pager") and a collection of routines. The idea of a pager structure has
escentially been eliminated. Objects now have types, and this type is
used to index the appropriate pager. In most cases, items in the pager
structure were duplicated in the object data structure and thus were
unnecessary. In the few cases that remained, a un_pager structure union
was created in the object to contain these items.

3) Because of the cleanup of #1 & #2, a lot of unnecessary layering can now
be removed. For instance, vm_object_enter(), vm_object_lookup(),
vm_object_remove(), and the associated object hash list were some of the
things that were removed.

4) simple_lock's removed. Discussion with several people reveals that the
SMP locking primitives used in the VM system aren't likely the mechanism
that we'll be adopting. Even if it were, the locking that was in the code
was very inadequate and would have to be mostly re-done anyway. The
locking in a uni-processor kernel was a no-op but went a long way toward
making the code difficult to read and debug.

5) Places that attempted to kludge-up the fact that we don't have kernel
thread support have been fixed to reflect the reality that we are really
dealing with processes, not threads. The VM system didn't have complete
thread support, so the comments and mis-named routines were just wrong.
We now use tsleep and wakeup directly in the lock routines, for instance.

6) Where appropriate, the pagers have been improved, especially in the
pager_alloc routines. Most of the pager_allocs have been rewritten and
are now faster and easier to maintain.

7) The pagedaemon pageout clustering algorithm has been rewritten and
now tries harder to output an even number of pages before and after
the requested page. This is sort of the reverse of the ideal pagein
algorithm and should provide better overall performance.

8) Unnecessary (incorrect) casts to caddr_t in calls to tsleep & wakeup
have been removed. Some other unnecessary casts have also been removed.

9) Some almost useless debugging code removed.

10) Terminology of shadow objects vs. backing objects straightened out.
The fact that the vm_object data structure escentially had this
backwards really confused things. The use of "shadow" and "backing
object" throughout the code is now internally consistent and correct
in the Mach terminology.

11) Several minor bug fixes, including one in the vm daemon that caused
0 RSS objects to not get purged as intended.

12) A "default pager" has now been created which cleans up the transition
of objects to the "swap" type. The previous checks throughout the code
for swp->pg_data != NULL were really ugly. This change also provides
the rudiments for future backing of "anonymous" memory by something
other than the swap pager (via the vnode pager, for example), and it
allows the decision about which of these pagers to use to be made
dynamically (although will need some additional decision code to do
this, of course).

13) (dyson) MAP_COPY has been deprecated and the corresponding "copy
object" code has been removed. MAP_COPY was undocumented and non-
standard. It was furthermore broken in several ways which caused its
behavior to degrade to MAP_PRIVATE. Binaries that use MAP_COPY will
continue to work correctly, but via the slightly different semantics
of MAP_PRIVATE.

14) (dyson) Sharing maps have been removed. It's marginal usefulness in a
threads design can be worked around in other ways. Both #12 and #13
were done to simplify the code and improve readability and maintain-
ability. (As were most all of these changes)

TODO:

1) Rewrite most of the vnode pager to use VOP_GETPAGES/PUTPAGES. Doing
this will reduce the vnode pager to a mere fraction of its current size.

2) Rewrite vm_fault and the swap/vnode pagers to use the clustering
information provided by the new haspage pager interface. This will
substantially reduce the overhead by eliminating a large number of
VOP_BMAP() calls. The VOP_BMAP() filesystem interface should be
improved to provide both a "behind" and "ahead" indication of
contiguousness.

3) Implement the extended features of pager_haspage in swap_pager_haspage().
It currently just says 0 pages ahead/behind.

4) Re-implement the swap device (swstrategy) in a more elegant way, perhaps
via a much more general mechanism that could also be used for disk
striping of regular filesystems.

5) Do something to improve the architecture of vm_object_collapse(). The
fact that it makes calls into the swap pager and knows too much about
how the swap pager operates really bothers me. It also doesn't allow
for collapsing of non-swap pager objects ("unnamed" objects backed by
other pagers).

Changed "handle" from type caddr_t to void *; "handle" is several different
types of pointers, and "char *" is a bad choice for the type.

swap_pager.c:
Fixed long standing bug in freeing swap space during object collapses.
Fixed 'out of space' messages from printing out too often.
Modified to use new kmem_malloc() calling convention.
Implemented an additional stat in the swap pager struct to count the
amount of space allocated to that pager. This may be removed at some
point in the future.
Minimized unnecessary wakeups.

vm_fault.c:
Don't try to collect fault stats on 'swapped' processes - there aren't
any upages to store the stats in.
Changed read-ahead policy (again!).

vm_glue.c:
Be sure to gain a reference to the process's map before swapping.
Be sure to lose it when done.

kern_malloc.c:
Added the ability to specify if allocations are at interrupt time or
are 'safe'; this affects what types of pages can be allocated.

vm_map.c:
Fixed a variety of map lock problems; there's still a lurking bug that
will eventually bite.

vm_object.c:
Explicitly initialize the object fields rather than bzeroing the struct.
Eliminated the 'rcollapse' code and folded it's functionality into the
"real" collapse routine.
Moved an object_unlock() so that the backing_object is protected in
the qcollapse routine.
Make sure nobody fools with the backing_object when we're destroying it.
Added some diagnostic code which can be called from the debugger that
looks through all the internal objects and makes certain that they
all belong to someone.

vm_page.c:
Fixed a rather serious logic bug that would result in random system
crashes. Changed pagedaemon wakeup policy (again!).

vm_pageout.c:
Removed unnecessary page rotations on the inactive queue.
Changed the number of pages to explicitly free to just free_reserved
level.

Submitted by: John Dyson

These changes embody the support of the fully coherent merged VM buffer cache,
much higher filesystem I/O performance, and much better paging performance. It
represents the culmination of over 6 months of R&D.

The majority of the merged VM/cache work is by John Dyson.

The following highlights the most significant changes. Additionally, there are
(mostly minor) changes to the various filesystem modules (nfs, msdosfs, etc) to
support the new VM/buffer scheme.

vfs_bio.c:
Significant rewrite of most of vfs_bio to support the merged VM buffer cache
scheme. The scheme is almost fully compatible with the old filesystem
interface. Significant improvement in the number of opportunities for write
clustering.

vfs_cluster.c, vfs_subr.c
Upgrade and performance enhancements in vfs layer code to support merged
VM/buffer cache. Fixup of vfs_cluster to eliminate the bogus pagemove stuff.

vm_object.c:
Yet more improvements in the collapse code. Elimination of some windows that
can cause list corruption.

vm_pageout.c:
Fixed it, it really works better now. Somehow in 2.0, some "enhancements"
broke the code. This code has been reworked from the ground-up.

vm_fault.c, vm_page.c, pmap.c, vm_object.c
Support for small-block filesystems with merged VM/buffer cache scheme.

pmap.c vm_map.c
Dynamic kernel VM size, now we dont have to pre-allocate excessive numbers of
kernel PTs.

vm_glue.c
Much simpler and more effective swapping code. No more gratuitous swapping.

proc.h
Fixed the problem that the p_lock flag was not being cleared on a fork.

swap_pager.c, vnode_pager.c
Removal of old vfs_bio cruft to support the past pseudo-coherency. Now the
code doesn't need it anymore.

machdep.c
Changes to better support the parameter values for the merged VM/buffer cache
scheme.

machdep.c, kern_exec.c, vm_glue.c
Implemented a seperate submap for temporary exec string space and another one
to contain process upages. This eliminates all map fragmentation problems
that previously existed.

ffs_inode.c, ufs_inode.c, ufs_readwrite.c
Changes for merged VM/buffer cache. Add "bypass" support for sneaking in on
busy buffers.

Submitted by: John Dyson and David Greenman

Cosmetics: unused vars, ()'s, #include's &c &c to silence gcc.
Reviewed by: davidg

The big 4.4BSD Lite to FreeBSD 2.0.0 (Development) patch.

Reviewed by: Rodney W. Grimes
Submitted by: John Dyson and David Greenman

This commit was generated by cvs2svn to compensate for changes in r1541,
which included commits to RCS files with non-trunk default branches.

BSD 4.4 Lite Kernel Sources