Copy stable/9 to releng/9.3 as part of the 9.3-RELEASE cycle.

Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

Copy head to stable/9 as part of 9.0-RELEASE release cycle.

Approved by: re (implicit)

Add an alternative view of the bits in an 80-bit long double (64+16
instead of 32+32+15+1) on all arches that have such long doubles (amd64,
ia64 and i386). Large objects should be be accessed in large units,
and the 32+32+15+1[+padding] decomposition asks for almost the opposite
of that, sometimes resulting in very slow accesses depending on how
well the compiler ignores what we ask for and converts to the best
units for the given machine. E.g., on Athlons, there is a 10-20 cycle
penalty for accessing the middle 32-bit word immediately after an
80-bit store.

Whether actually using the alternative view is better is very machine-
dependent. A 32+32+16 view is probably best with old 32-bit systems
and gcc through 4.2.1. The compiler should mostly avoid the view and
generate best accesses, but gcc-4.2.1 is far from doing that. I think
64+16 is best for now. Similarly for doubles -- they should be using
64+0 especially on 64-bit machines, but fdlibm uses 32+32 extensively
for them. Fortunately, in 64-bit mode for doubles, gcc already ignores
the 32+32-bit view and generates best accesses in many cases.

- Define LDBL_NBIT to be a mask indicating the position of the integer
bit in a long double. For architectures that don't have such a bit,
LDBL_NBIT is 0. This makes it possible to say `mantissa & ~LDBL_NBIT'
in places that previously used an #ifdef to select the right expression.
The optimizer should dispense with the extra arithmetic when LDBL_NBIT
is 0 anyway.
- Add an XXX comment for the big endian case.

Update my email address.

Define LDBL_MANH_SIZE and LDBL_MANL_SIZE to be the sizes of the
high and low words of the mantissa in bits, respectively.

Add __ldtoa(), a wrapper around gdtoa() to make it look like dtoa().
In support of this, add some MD macros to assist in converting long
doubles to the format expected by gdtoa().

Reviewed by: silence on standards@

ia64 actually uses 80-bit long doubles and must support big and little
endian at compile-time.

Reviewed by: das

Implement fpclassify():
o Add a MD header private to libc called _fpmath.h; this header
contains bitfield layouts of MD floating-point types.
o Add a MI header private to libc called fpmath.h; this header
contains bitfield layouts of MI floating-point types.
o Add private libc variables to lib/libc/$arch/gen/infinity.c for
storing NaN values.
o Add __double_t and __float_t to <machine/_types.h>, and provide
double_t and float_t typedefs in <math.h>.
o Add some C99 manifest constants (FP_ILOGB0, FP_ILOGBNAN, HUGE_VALF,
HUGE_VALL, INFINITY, NAN, and return values for fpclassify()) to
<math.h> and others (FLT_EVAL_METHOD, DECIMAL_DIG) to <float.h> via
<machine/float.h>.
o Add C99 macro fpclassify() which calls __fpclassify{d,f,l}() based
on the size of its argument. __fpclassifyl() is never called on
alpha because (sizeof(long double) == sizeof(double)), which is good
since __fpclassifyl() can't deal with such a small `long double'.

This was developed by David Schultz and myself with input from bde and
fenner.

PR: 23103
Submitted by: David Schultz <dschultz@uclink.Berkeley.EDU>
(significant portions)
Reviewed by: bde, fenner (earlier versions)