Copy stable/10@r272459 to releng/10.1 as part of
the 10.1-RELEASE process.

Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

Copy head (r256279) to stable/10 as part of the 10.0-RELEASE cycle.

Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

The TCB_GET32() and TCB_GET64() macros in the i386 and amd64-specific
versions of pthread_md.h have a special case of dereferencing a null
pointer. Clang warns about this with:

In file included from lib/libthr/arch/i386/i386/pthread_md.c:36:
lib/libthr/arch/i386/include/pthread_md.h:96:10: error: indirection of non-volatile null pointer will be deleted, not trap [-Werror,-Wnull-dereference]
return (TCB_GET32(tcb_self));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
lib/libthr/arch/i386/include/pthread_md.h:73:13: note: expanded from:
: "m" (*(u_int *)(__tcb_offset(name)))); \
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
lib/libthr/arch/i386/include/pthread_md.h:96:10: note: consider using __builtin_trap() or qualifying pointer with 'volatile'

Since this indirection is done relative to the fs or gs segment, to
retrieve thread-specific data, it is an exception to the rule.

Therefore, add a volatile qualifier to tell the compiler we really want
to dereference a zero address.

MFC after: 1 week

Replace function _umtx_op with _umtx_op_err, the later function directly
returns errno, because errno can be mucked by user's signal handler and
most of pthread api heavily depends on errno to be correct, this change
should improve stability of the thread library.

- Remove variable _thr_scope_system, all threads are system scope.
- Rename _thr_smp_cpus to boolean variable _thr_is_smp.
- Define CPU_SPINWAIT macro for each arch, only X86 supports it.

Remove declaration of _thr_initial from MD header file, it is no longer
needed.

Simplify _get_curthread() and _tcb_ctor because libc and rtld now
already allocate thread pointer space in tls block for initial thread.
Only i386 and amd64 have been done, others still have to be tested.

Import my recent 1:1 threading working. some features improved includes:
1. fast simple type mutex.
2. __thread tls works.
3. asynchronous cancellation works ( using signal ).
4. thread synchronization is fully based on umtx, mainly, condition
variable and other synchronization objects were rewritten by using
umtx directly. those objects can be shared between processes via
shared memory, it has to change ABI which does not happen yet.
5. default stack size is increased to 1M on 32 bits platform, 2M for
64 bits platform.
As the result, some mysql super-smack benchmarks show performance is
improved massivly.

Okayed by: jeff, mtm, rwatson, scottl