MFC 288371:
When XSAVE support was added on amd64, the FPU save area was moved
out of 'struct pcb' and into a variable-sized region after the
structure. The kgdb code currently only reads the pcb. It does not
read in the FPU save area but instead passes stack garbage as the
FPU's saved context. Fixing this would mean determining the proper
size of the area and fetching it. However, this state is not saved
for running CPUs in stoppcbs[], so the callback would also have to
know to ignore those pcbs. Instead, just remove the call since it is
of limited usefulness. It results in kgdb reporting the state of the
FPU/SIMD registers in userland, not their current values in the kernel.
In particular, it does not report the correct state for any code in
the kernel which does use the FPU and would report incorrect values
in that case.

Copy head (r256279) to stable/10 as part of the 10.0-RELEASE cycle.

Approved by: re (implicit)
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation

In kthr.c, obtain the address of the PCB for threads that were running
on a core, when the core was stopped, by calling kgdb_trgt_core_pcb().
This has 2 advantages:
1. We don't need to include a machine-specific header anymore and as
such kthr.c is truly machine independent. This allows the code to
be used in a cross-debugger.
2. We don't need to lookup stoppcbs in generic code when it's an
inherently target-spicific symbol. It does not exist for ia64.

Implement kgdb_trgt_core_pcb() for all architectures, except ia64, by
calling a common function called kgdb_trgt_stop_pcb(). This function
differs from kgdb_trgt_core_pcb() in that it gets the size of the PCB
structure as an argument and as such remains machine independent.

On ia64 the PCB for stopped cores is in the PCPU structure itself.
This for better scaling. The implementation of kgdb_trgt_core_pcb()
for ia64 uses the cpuid_to_pcpu[] array to to obtain the address of
the PCB structure.

Adopt to new layout of struct pcb.

MFC after: 1 month

Give kgdb(1) a chance to take a look at FPU state.

- Change how the vmcore target maps FreeBSD thread IDs to GDB ptids. We
now only use the TID and ignore the PID and use pid_to_ptid() to build a
ptid treating the TID as a PID. The benefit of this is that the vmcore
target now uses the same scheme as GDB's remote targets. As a result,
the 'tid' command now works for remote targets (however, it only accepts
TIDs and not addresses of 'struct thread' objects).
- Use gdb_thread_select() to do the actual thread switch for the 'tid' and
'proc' commands. This now gives the same UI feedback when switching
threads as the GDB 'thread' command rather than providing no visual
output at all.

MFC after: 1 week

Rework how kgdb manages kernel and vmcore files to be a bit more gdb-ish
so that kgdb can be used more like a normal gdb:
- Load the kernel via the standard 'exec' target and allow it to be changed
via the 'file' command.
- Instead of explicitly loading the kernel file as the mail symbol file
during startup, just pass it to gdb_main() as the executable file.
- Change the kld support (via shared libraries) to cache the address of
the linker_files and linker_kernel_file variables in addition to the
offsets of various members in 'struct linker_file'.
- When a new symbol file is loaded, recompute the addresses and offsets
used by the kld support code.
- When a new symbol file is loaded, recalculate the ofs_fix variable to
account for the different ways a trapframe can be passed to trap
frame handlers in i386. This is done by adding a MD
kgdb_trgt_new_objfile() hook that is empty on all but i386.
- Don't use the directory name of the kernel specified on the command
line to find kernel modules in the kld support code. Instead,
extract the filename of the current executable via exec_bfd. Now
the 'kernel' variable is private to main.c again.
- Make the 'add-kld' command explicitly fail if no executable is loaded.
- Make the support for vmcores a real core-dump target that opens the
kernel and vmcore on open and closes the kvm connection when closed, etc.
- The 'core' command can now be used to select a vmcore to use, either
a crash dump file or /dev/mem for live debugging.
- The 'detach' command can be used to detach from a vmcore w/o attaching
to a new one.
- kgdb no longer explicitly opens a core dump during startup and no longer
has to use an atexit() hook to close the kvm connection on shutdown.
- Symbols for kld's are automatically loaded anytime a core is opened.
Also, the unread portion of dmesg is dumped just as it was done on kgdb
startup previously.
- Don't require either a remote target or core dump if a kernel is specified.
You can now just run 'kgdb kernel' similar to running gdb on an executable
and later connect to a remote target or core dump.
- Use a more relaxed way to verify remote targets specified via -r.
Instead of explicitly allowing a few non-file target specifications,
just assume that if stat() on the arg and on "/dev/" + arg both fail
that is some non-file target and pass it to gdb.
- Don't use a custom interpreter. The existing kgdb_init() hook and the
target_new_objfile() hook give us sufficient hooks during startup to
setup kgdb-specific behavior now.
- Always add the 'proc', 'tid', and 'add-kld' commands on startup and not
just if we have a core dump. Currently the 'proc' and 'tid' commands do
not work for remote targets (I will fix at least 'tid' in the next round
of changes though). However, the 'add-kld' command works fine for
loading symbols for a kernel module on a remote target.
- Always setup the 'kld' shared library target operations instead of just
if we have a core dump. Although symbols for kernel modules are not
automatically loaded when connecting to a remote target, you can do
'info sharedlibrary' after connecting to the remote target and kgdb will
find all the modules. You can then use the 'sharedlibrary' command to
load symbols from the module files.
- Change kthr_init() to free the existing list of kthr objects before
generating a new one. This allows it to be invoked multiple times
w/o leaking memory.

MFC after: 1 week

NMIs now come from 'nmi_calltrap' rather than 'calltrap', so teach 'kgdb'
to treat the frame under 'nmi_calltrap' as a trapframe.

MFC after: 3 days
Approved by: re (bmah)

Remove special handling for PC == 0. With this, kgdb can now properly
unwind across a page fault due to a null function pointer. It does a
better job than ddb now in fact.

Reviewed by: marcel
MFC after: 3 days

Unbreak - remove leftover reference to pcb_rflags.

Unwind across intrframes as well. While here, better handle bottom of
stack by claiming the frame when the IP is 0. It's a bit of a kluge,
but avoids screens full of bogus frames.

MFC after: 1 week

Unwind across trap frames. This adds most of the meat. The sniffer
just needs to be taught about all the other entry points and the
unwinder needs to be taught about the frame variation between them.

MFC after: 1 week

Add a kluge to allow kgdb(1) to inject its own frame sniffer in the
list of frame sniffers so that trapframes can be detected. The kluge
is needed because this version of gdb only supports appending a
sniffer to the list of sniffers and the moment kgdb gets a chance to
add its own frame sniffer, the target's default frame sniffer is
already in the list. Since the default frame sniffer claims any
frame thrown at it, kgdb's frame sniffer never gets to smell (a
process much akin to tasting, but with lesser chance of hurling :-)

This commit adds dummy frame sniffers that never claim a frame and
as such don't fix anything yet. However, we now have frame sniffers
and they are being called, so it's just a matter of adding meat to
the bones and we'll be able to properly unwind across trapframes.

MFC after: 1 week

Attempt to make kgdb little more useful and easy to use. Properly initialize
it to recognise what ABI to use on amd64 (and possibly others) platform.
Display PID and process name as a part of the 'info threads' output, TIDs
alone are too confusing. Introduce new commmands 'tid <tid>' and 'proc <pid>'
to accompany gdb's default 'thread <thread num>' to make the task of switching
between different contexts easier.

Add the beginnings of kernel debugging support. the kgdb(1) tool
is basicly a shell on top of libgdb that knows about kernel threads,
kernel modules and kvm(3). As the word "beginnings" implies, not
all of the features have been implemented yet. The tool is useful
and I'd like feedback on the taken route.

The simplest way to debug a kernel core file is:
kgdb -n 0

This opens /var/crash/vmcore.0 with the corresponding kernel in
the object directory (kernel.debug is used if it exists).

Typical things that need to be added are:
o Auto loading of kernel modules,
o Handling of trapframes so that backtraces can be taken across
them,
o Some fancy commands to extract useful information out of a core
file,
o Various (probably many) other things.