europe (7858:a7c341f30747) europe (8462:60e3cdbe8cdf)
1#
2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
3#
4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

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60# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
61#
62# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
63# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
64# History of Summer Time
65# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
66
67#
1#
2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
3#
4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

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60# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
61#
62# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
63# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
64# History of Summer Time
65# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
66
67#
68# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
68# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
69# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
70# Corrections are welcome!
71# std dst 2dst
72# LMT Local Mean Time
73# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
74# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
75# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
76# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer

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114
115# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
116#
117# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
118# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
119# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
120# of the text said:
121#
69# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
70# Corrections are welcome!
71# std dst 2dst
72# LMT Local Mean Time
73# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
74# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
75# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
76# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer

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114
115# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
116#
117# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
118# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
119# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
120# of the text said:
121#
122# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
122# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
123# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
124# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
125# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
126# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
127# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
128# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
129#
130# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's

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158#
159# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
160# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
161# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
162
163# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
164# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
165# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
123# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
124# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
125# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
126# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
127# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
128# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
129#
130# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's

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158#
159# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
160# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
161# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
162
163# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
164# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
165# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
166# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
166# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
167# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
168# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
169# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
170# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
171# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
172# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
173# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
174# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in

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183# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
184# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
185# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
186# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
187# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
188# </a>
189
190# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
167# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
168# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
169# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
170# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
171# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
172# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
173# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
174# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in

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183# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
184# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
185# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
186# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
187# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
188# </a>
189
190# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
191# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
191# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
192# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
193# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
192# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
193# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
194# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
194# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
195
196# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
197#
198# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
199# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
200
201# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
202# From: Jonathan Leffler

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226
227# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
228# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
229# which is to be introduced in May....
230# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
231# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
232
233# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
195
196# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
197#
198# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
199# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
200
201# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
202# From: Jonathan Leffler

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226
227# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
228# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
229# which is to be introduced in May....
230# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
231# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
232
233# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
234# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
234# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
235# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
235# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
236# so we use `BDST'.
236# so we use 'BDST'.
237
238# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
239# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
240# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
241# and extending this list, which can be found in
242# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
243# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
244# History of legal time in Britain

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449Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
450Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
451# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
452# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
453# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
454Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
455# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
456# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
237
238# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
239# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
240# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
241# and extending this list, which can be found in
242# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
243# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
244# History of legal time in Britain

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449Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
450Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
451# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
452# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
453# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
454Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
455# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
456# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
457#
458# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
457
458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
459Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
460 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
461 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
462 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
463 0:00 EU GMT/BST
464Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey

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815 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
816 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
817 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
818 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
819 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
820 1:00 EU CE%sT
821
822# Bosnia and Herzegovina
459
460# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
461Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
462 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
463 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
464 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
465 0:00 EU GMT/BST
466Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey

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817 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
818 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
819 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
820 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
821 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
822 1:00 EU CE%sT
823
824# Bosnia and Herzegovina
823# see Serbia
825# See Europe/Belgrade.
824
825# Bulgaria
826#
827# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
828# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
829# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
830# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
831#

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843 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
844 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
845 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
846 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
847 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
848 2:00 EU EE%sT
849
850# Croatia
826
827# Bulgaria
828#
829# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
830# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
831# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
832# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
833#

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845 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
846 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
847 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
848 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
849 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
850 2:00 EU EE%sT
851
852# Croatia
851# see Serbia
853# See Europe/Belgrade.
852
853# Cyprus
854
855# Cyprus
854# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
856# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
855
856# Czech Republic
857# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
858Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
859Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
860Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
861Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
862Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
863Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
864Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
865# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
866Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
867 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
868 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
869 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
870 1:00 EU CE%sT
857
858# Czech Republic
859# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
860Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
861Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
862Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
863Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
864Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
865Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
866Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
867# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
868Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
869 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
870 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
871 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
872 1:00 EU CE%sT
873# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
871
872# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
873
874# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
875# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
876# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
877# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
878# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.

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1026# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1027# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1028# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1029# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1030#
1031# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1032# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1033# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
874
875# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
876
877# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
878# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
879# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
880# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
881# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.

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1029# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1030# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1031# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1032# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1033#
1034# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1035# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1036# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1034# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1037# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1035# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1036# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1037# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1038# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1038# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1039# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1040# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1041# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1039# summer time next spring.''
1042# summer time next spring."
1040
1041# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1042# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
1043# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1044# </a>
1045# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1046# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
1047#

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1086 2:00 EU EE%sT
1087
1088# Finland
1089
1090# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1091# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1092# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1093
1043
1044# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1045# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
1046# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1047# </a>
1048# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1049# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
1050#

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1089 2:00 EU EE%sT
1090
1091# Finland
1092
1093# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1094# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1095# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1096
1094# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
1097# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1095#
1096# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1097# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1098# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1099# according to the central European standards.
1100#
1101# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1102# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in

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1143# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
1144# Paris, 1991
1145#
1146# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
1147# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
1148
1149
1150#
1098#
1099# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1100# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1101# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1102# according to the central European standards.
1103#
1104# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1105# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in

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1146# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
1147# Paris, 1991
1148#
1149# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
1150# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
1151
1152
1153#
1151# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1154# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1152# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1153Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1154Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1155Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1156Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1157Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1158Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1159Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -

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1433# so record only the time in Rome.
1434#
1435# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1436# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1437# F. Pollastri
1438# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
1439# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1440# </a>
1155# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1156Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1157Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1158Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1159Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1160Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1161Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1162Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -

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1436# so record only the time in Rome.
1437#
1438# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1439# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1440# F. Pollastri
1441# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
1442# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1443# </a>
1441# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1444# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1442# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1443#
1444# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1445# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1446# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1447# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1448# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1449# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S

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1579 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1580 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1581 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1582 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1583 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1584 2:00 EU EE%sT
1585
1586# Liechtenstein
1445# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1446#
1447# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1448# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1449# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1450# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1451# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1452# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S

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1582 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1583 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1584 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1585 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1586 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1587 2:00 EU EE%sT
1588
1589# Liechtenstein
1587# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1588Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1589 1:00 - CET 1981
1590 1:00 EU CE%sT
1591
1590
1591# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1592# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1593
1594# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1595# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1596# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1597# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1598# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1599# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1600# central European time was in force throughout the year.
1601# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1602# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1603
1604Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1605
1606
1592# Lithuania
1593
1594# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1595# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1596# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1597
1598# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1599# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone

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1670 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1671 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1672 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1673 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1674 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1675 1:00 EU CE%sT
1676
1677# Macedonia
1607# Lithuania
1608
1609# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1610# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1611# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1612
1613# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1614# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone

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1685 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1686 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1687 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1688 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1689 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1690 1:00 EU CE%sT
1691
1692# Macedonia
1678# see Serbia
1693# See Europe/Belgrade.
1679
1680# Malta
1681# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1682Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1683Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1684Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1685Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1686Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S

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1763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1764Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1765 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1766 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1767 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1768 1:00 EU CE%sT
1769
1770# Montenegro
1694
1695# Malta
1696# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1697Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1698Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1699Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1700Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1701Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S

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1778# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1779Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1780 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1781 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1782 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1783 1:00 EU CE%sT
1784
1785# Montenegro
1771# see Serbia
1786# See Europe/Belgrade.
1772
1773# Netherlands
1774
1775# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1776# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1777
1778# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1779# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00

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1878# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
1879# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1880# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
1881# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1882# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1883# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1884# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1885
1787
1788# Netherlands
1789
1790# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1791# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1792
1793# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1794# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00

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1893# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
1894# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1895# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
1896# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1897# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1898# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1899# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1900
1886# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
1901# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
1887#
1888# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1889# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1890# keeping Berlin time.
1891#
1892# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1893# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1894# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1895# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1896# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1902#
1903# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1904# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1905# keeping Berlin time.
1906#
1907# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1908# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1909# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1910# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1911# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1897# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1912# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1898# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1899#
1900# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1901# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1902# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1903# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1904# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1905# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
1906# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
1907# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1908# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1909#
1913# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1914#
1915# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1916# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1917# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1918# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1919# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1920# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
1921# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
1922# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1923# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1924#
1910# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
1911# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
1912# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
1925# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
1926# for these regions.
1913Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1914
1915# Poland
1916# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1917Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1918Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1919Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1920# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.

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2162#
2163# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2164# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2165# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2166# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2167# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2168#
2169# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
1927Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1928
1929# Poland
1930# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1931Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1932Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1933Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1934# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.

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2176#
2177# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2178# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2179# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2180# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2181# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2182#
2183# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2170# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2184# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2171# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2172# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2173# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2174#
2175# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2176# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2177# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2178# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.

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2461 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2462 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2463 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2464 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2465 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2466 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2467 12:00 - ANAT
2468
2185# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2186# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2187# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2188#
2189# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2190# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2191# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2192# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.

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2475 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2476 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2477 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2478 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2479 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2480 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2481 12:00 - ANAT
2482
2483# San Marino
2484# See Europe/Rome.
2485
2469# Serbia
2470# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2471Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2472 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2473 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2474 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
2475 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2476# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of

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2483Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2484Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2485Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2486
2487# Slovakia
2488Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2489
2490# Slovenia
2486# Serbia
2487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2488Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2489 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2490 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2491 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
2492 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2493# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of

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2500Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2501Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2502Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2503
2504# Slovakia
2505Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2506
2507# Slovenia
2491# see Serbia
2508# See Europe/Belgrade.
2492
2493# Spain
2494# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2495# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
2496# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2497Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2498Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2499Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S

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2617 1:00 EU CE%sT
2618
2619# Switzerland
2620# From Howse:
2621# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2622# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2623# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2624# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2509
2510# Spain
2511# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2512# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
2513# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2514Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2515Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2516Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S

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2634 1:00 EU CE%sT
2635
2636# Switzerland
2637# From Howse:
2638# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2639# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2640# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2641# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2625# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
2642# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
2626# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2627# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2628# From Shanks & Pottenger:
2629# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2630# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2631
2632# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
2633# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.

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2662#
2663# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
2664# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
2665# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
2666#
2667# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
2668#
2669# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
2643# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2644# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2645# From Shanks & Pottenger:
2646# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2647# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2648
2649# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
2650# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.

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2679#
2680# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
2681# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
2682# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
2683#
2684# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
2685#
2686# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
2670# most users of tzdata:
2671# The zone file
2672# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
2673# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
2674# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2675# 1:00 EU CE%sT
2687# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
2676# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
2677# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
2678# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
2679# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
2688# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
2689# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
2690# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
2691# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
2692#
2693# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
2694# The Federal regulations say
2695# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
2696# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
2697# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
2680
2698
2699# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
2700# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
2701# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
2702# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
2703# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
2704# hour before the beginning of service.
2705
2706# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
2707# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
2708#
2709# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
2710# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
2711#
2712# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
2713# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
2714# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
2715#
2716# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
2717# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
2718# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
2719# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
2720# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
2721# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
2722# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
2723# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
2724# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
2725# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
2726# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
2727
2681# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2682Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
2683Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
2684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2728# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2729Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
2730Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
2731# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2685Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
2686 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
2732Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
2733 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
2687 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2688 1:00 EU CE%sT
2689
2690# Turkey
2691
2692# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
2693# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
2694# ... The latest rules are available at -

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2902 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2903 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2904 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2905 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2906 2:00 - EET 1992
2907# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2908# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2909# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2734 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2735 1:00 EU CE%sT
2736
2737# Turkey
2738
2739# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
2740# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
2741# ... The latest rules are available at -

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2949 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2950 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2951 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2952 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2953 2:00 - EET 1992
2954# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2955# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2956# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2910# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
2957# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2911# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2912# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2913# changed in May.
2914 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2915# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2916 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2917 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2918# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2919# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2920 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2921 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2922 2:00 EU EE%sT
2923
2958# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2959# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2960# changed in May.
2961 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2962# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2963 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2964 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2965# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2966# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2967 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2968 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2969 2:00 EU EE%sT
2970
2971# Vatican City
2972# See Europe/Rome.
2973
2924###############################################################################
2925
2926# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2927# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2928# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2929#
2930# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2931# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.

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2975
2976# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2977# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2978# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2979#
2980# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2981# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.

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