1Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
2
3Creative Commons Corporation (���Creative Commons���) is not a law firm and does
4not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons
5public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative
6Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an ���as-is���
7basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material
8licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative
9Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the
10fullest extent possible.
11
12Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
13
14Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions
15that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of
16authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights
17specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for
18informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our
19licenses.
20
21Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by
22those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise
23restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable.
24Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license
25they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary
26before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as
27expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license.
28This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception
29or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.
30
31Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor
32grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified
33terms and conditions. If the licensor���s permission is not necessary for any
34reason���for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright���then
35that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions
36under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to
37grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons,
38including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A
39licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked
40or described.
41
42Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those
43requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public.
44
45Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
46
47By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to
48be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
494.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public
50License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights
51in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the
52Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor
53receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
54conditions.
55
56Section 1 ��� Definitions.
57
58a.	Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights
59that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the
60Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise
61modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar
62Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the
63Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted
64Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
65relation with a moving image.
66
67b.	Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar
68Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms
69and conditions of this Public License.
70
71c.	BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses,
72approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public
73License.
74
75d.	Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely
76related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast,
77sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the
78rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the
79rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
80
81e.	Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence
82of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations
83under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996,
84and/or similar international agreements.
85
86f.	Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other
87exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your
88use of the Licensed Material.
89
90g.	License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative
91Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution
92and ShareAlike.
93
94h.	Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other
95material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
96
97i.	Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and
98conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and
99Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the
100Licensor has authority to license.
101
102j.	Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this
103Public License.
104
105k.	Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that
106requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public
107display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or
108importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways
109that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time
110individually chosen by them.
111
112l.	Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting
113from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
114March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded,
115as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
116
117m.	You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under
118this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
119
120Section 2 ��� Scope.
121
122     a.	License grant.
123
1241. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor
125hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive,
126irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material
127to:
128
129A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and
130
131               B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
132
1332. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions
134and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and
135You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.
136
1373. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).
138
1394. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes
140You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known
141or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do
142so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority
143to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the
144Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent
145Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply
146making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted
147Material.
148
149          5. Downstream recipients.
150
151A. Offer from the Licensor ��� Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed
152Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
153Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.
154
155B. Additional offer from the Licensor ��� Adapted Material. Every recipient
156of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor
157to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions
158of the Adapter���s License You apply.
159
160C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional
161or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
162Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed
163Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
164
1656. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed
166as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed
167Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status
168by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in
169Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
170
171     b.	Other rights.
172
1731. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this
174Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality
175rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees
176not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary
177to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
178
1792. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.
180
1813. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties
182from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through
183a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
184licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right
185to collect such royalties.
186
187Section 3 ��� License Conditions.
188
189Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following
190conditions.
191
192     a.	Attribution.
193
1941. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:
195
196A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed
197Material:
198
199i.	identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others
200designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the
201Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
202
203                    ii.	a copyright notice;
204
205                    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
206
207                    iv.	a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
208
209v.	a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;
210
211B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication
212of any previous modifications; and
213
214C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and
215include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.
216
2172. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner
218based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material.
219For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a
220URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
221
2223. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required
223by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.
224
225b.	ShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share
226Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
227
2281. The Adapter���s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with
229the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.
230
2312. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's
232License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner
233based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.
234
2353. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions
236on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that
237restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
238
239Section 4 ��� Sui Generis Database Rights.
240
241Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
242Your use of the Licensed Material:
243
244a.	for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract,
245reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of
246the database;
247
248b.	if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in
249a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database
250in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents)
251is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
252
253c.	You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or
254a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
255For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
256Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
257other Copyright and Similar Rights.
258
259Section 5 ��� Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
260
261a.	Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible,
262the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes
263no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material,
264whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation,
265warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement,
266absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of
267errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties
268are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
269
270b.	To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You
271on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise
272for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary,
273or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License
274or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of
275the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation
276of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply
277to You.
278
279c.	The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above
280shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely
281approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.
282
283Section 6 ��� Term and Termination.
284
285a.	This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights
286licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then
287Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.
288
289b.	Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section
2906(a), it reinstates:
291
2921. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured
293within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
294
295          2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
296
297c.	For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right
298the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public
299License.
300
301d.	For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material
302under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material
303at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.
304
305     e.	Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.
306
307Section 7 ��� Other Terms and Conditions.
308
309a.	The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or
310conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
311
312b.	Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
313Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms
314and conditions of this Public License.
315
316Section 8 ��� Interpretation.
317
318a.	For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not
319be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use
320of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under
321this Public License.
322
323b.	To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed
324unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary
325to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed
326from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining
327terms and conditions.
328
329c.	No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure
330to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
331
332d.	Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation
333upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor
334or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
335
336Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative
337Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes
338and in those instances will be considered the ���Licensor.��� Except for the limited
339purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public
340license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published
341at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use
342of the trademark ���Creative Commons��� or any other trademark or logo of Creative
343Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in
344connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses
345or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of
346licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form
347part of the public licenses.
348
349Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
350