europe revision 8845:4be14673b9bf
1# 2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3# 4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9# 10# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14# accompanied this code). 15# 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19# 20# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22# questions. 23# 24# <pre> 25# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 29# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 30# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 31 32# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 33# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 34# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 35# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 36# 37# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 38# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 39# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 40# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 41# of the IATA's data after 1990. 42# 43# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 44# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 45# 46# Other sources occasionally used include: 47# 48# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 49# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 50# which I found in the UCLA library. 51# 52# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 53# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 54# </a> (1914-03) 55# 56# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 57# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 58# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 59# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 60# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 61# 62# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 63# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 64# History of Summer Time 65# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 66 67# 68# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 69# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 70# Corrections are welcome! 71# std dst 2dst 72# LMT Local Mean Time 73# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 74# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 75# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 76# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 77# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 78# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 79# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 80# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 81# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 82# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 83# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 84# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 85# 86# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 87# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 88 89# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 90# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 91# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 92# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 93# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 94# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 95# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 96# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 97# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 98# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 99# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 100# ... 101# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 102# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 103# ... 104# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 105# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 106# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 107# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 108# in the Directive. 109 110 111############################################################################### 112 113# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 114 115# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 116# 117# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 118# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 119# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 120# of the text said: 121# 122# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 123# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 124# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 125# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 126# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 127# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 128# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 129# 130# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 131# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 132# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 133# 134# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 135 136# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 137# 138# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 139# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 140# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 141# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 142# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 143# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 144# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 145# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 146# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 147# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 148# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 149# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 150# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 151# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 152# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 153# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 154# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 155# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 156# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 157# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 158# 159# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 160# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 161# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 162 163# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 164# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 165# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 166# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 167# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 168# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 169# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 170# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 171# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 172# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 173# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 174# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 175# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 176# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 177# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial, 178# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 179 180# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 181# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 182# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 183# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 184# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 185# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 186# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 187# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 188# </a> 189 190# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 191# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 192# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 193# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 194# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 195 196# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 197# 198# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 199# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 200 201# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 202# From: Jonathan Leffler 203# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 204# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 205# politics making a fortune, not computing. 206 207# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 208# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 209# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 210# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 211# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 212 213# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 214# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 215# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 216# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 217 218# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 219# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 220# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 221# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 222# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 223# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 224# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 225# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 226 227# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 228# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 229# which is to be introduced in May.... 230# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 231# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 232 233# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 234# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 235# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 236# so we use 'BDST'. 237 238# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 239# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 240# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 241# and extending this list, which can be found in 242# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 243# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 244# History of legal time in Britain 245# </a> 246# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer 247# exists, and the article can now be found at: 248# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 249# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 250# </a> 251 252# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 253# 254# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 255# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 256# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 257# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 258# </a>. 259 260# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 261# 262# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 263# 264# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 265# are incorrect: 266# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 267# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 268# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 269# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 270# It actually just had one transition. 271# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 272# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 273# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 274# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 275# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 276# 277# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 278# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 279# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 280# conform with Great Britain. 281# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 282# 283# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 284# we'll ignore it for now. 285# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 286# 287# 288# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 289# Shanks & Pottenger. 290# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 291# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 292# to London. For example: 293# 294# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 295# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 296 297# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 298# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 299# various relating to legal time, for example: 300# 301# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 302# 303# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 304# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 305# 306# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 307# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 308# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 309# 310# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 311# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 312# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 313# 314# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 315# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 316# 317# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 318# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 319# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 320# 321# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 322# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 323# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 324# being GMT+1.) 325 326# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 327# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 328# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 329# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 330# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 331# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 332# and Frethun run in CT. 333# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 334# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 335# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 336# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 337# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 338# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 339 340# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 341# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 342# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 343# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 344# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 345# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 346# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 347 348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 349# Summer Time Act, 1916 350Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 351Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 352# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 353Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 354Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 355# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 356Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 357Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 358# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 359Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 360Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 361# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 362Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 363# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 364Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 365# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 366Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 367Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 368# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 369Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 370Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 371# The Summer Time Act, 1922 372Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 373Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 374Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 375Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 376# The Summer Time Act, 1925 377Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 378Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 379Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 380Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 381Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 382Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 383Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 384Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 385Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 386Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 387Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 388# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 389Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 390# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 391Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 392# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 393Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 394Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 395# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 396Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 397# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 398Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 399# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 400Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 401Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 402# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 403Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 404Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 405# The Summer Time Act, 1947 406Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 407Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 408Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 409Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 410# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 411Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 412Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 413# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 414Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 415Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 416# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 417# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 418# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 419Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 420Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 421# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 422Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 423Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 424Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 425Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 426Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 427Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 428Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 429# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 430# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 431# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 432Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 433Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 434# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 435# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 436# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 437Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 438# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 439Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 440# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 441# (no summer time) 442# The Summer Time Act, 1972 443Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 444Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 445# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 446# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 447# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 448# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 449Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 450Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 451# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 452# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 453# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 454Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 455# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 456# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 457# 458# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 459 460# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 462 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 463 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 464 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 465 0:00 EU GMT/BST 466Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 467Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 468Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 469Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 470 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 471 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 472 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 473 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 474 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 475 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 476 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 477 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 478 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 479 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 480 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 481 0:00 EU GMT/IST 482 483############################################################################### 484 485# Europe 486 487# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 488# Common Market, etc. 489 490# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 491Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 492Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 493Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 494Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 495Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 496Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 497# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 498# <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 499# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 500# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 501# </a> 502 503# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 504Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 505Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 506Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 507Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 508Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 509Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 510 511# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 512# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 513Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 514Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 515Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 516Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 517Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 518Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 519Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 520Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 521Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 522# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 523Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 524# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 525# 526# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 527# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 528# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 529# tz database itself, as seen below: 530# 531# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 532# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 533# 534# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 535# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 536# 537# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 538# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 539# 540# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 541# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 542# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 543# 544# The rule line to be changed is: 545# 546# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 547# 548# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 549# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 550# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 551# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 552# CET and MET: 553# 554# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 555# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 556# 557# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 558# 559# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 560# 561# A small step for mankind though 8-) 562Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 563Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 564Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 565Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 566Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 567Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 568Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 569 570# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 571Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 572Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 573Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 574Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 575Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 576Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 577 578# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 579Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 580Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 581Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 582Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 583Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 584Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 585Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 586Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 587Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 588Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 589Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 590# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 591Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 592Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 593# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 594# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 595Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 596Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 597# 598Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 599Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 600Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 601Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 602Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 603 604# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 605# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 606# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 607# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 608# 609# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 610# <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583"> 611# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 612# </a> 613# 614# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 615# <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html"> 616# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 617# </a> 618 619# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 620# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 621# to be standard. 622 623# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 624 625# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 626Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 627Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 628Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 629Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 630 631# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 632# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 633 634# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 635# The official German names ... are 636# 637# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 638# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 639# 640# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 641# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 642# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 643# 644# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 645# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 646# Postfach 3345 647# D-38023 Braunschweig 648# phone: +49 531 592-0 649# 650# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 651# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 652# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 653# 654# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 655# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 656 657 658# Albania 659# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 660Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 661Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 662Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 663Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 664Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 665Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 666Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 667Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 668Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 669Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 670Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 671Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 672Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 673Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 674Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 675Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 676Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 677Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 678Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 679Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 680Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 681Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 682Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 683Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 684Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 685# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 686Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 687 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 688 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 689 1:00 EU CE%sT 690 691# Andorra 692# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 693Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 694 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 695 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 696 1:00 EU CE%sT 697 698# Austria 699 700# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 701 702# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 703# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 704# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 705# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 706# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 707# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 708 709# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 710Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 711Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 712Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 713Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 714Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 715Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 716Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 717Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 718# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 719Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 720 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 721 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 722 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 723 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 724 1:00 - CET 1946 725 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 726 1:00 EU CE%sT 727 728# Belarus 729# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 730# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 731# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 732# 733# Sources (Russian language): 734# 1. 735# <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html"> 736# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 737# </a> 738# 2. 739# <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/"> 740# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 741# </a> 742# 3. 743# <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html"> 744# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 745# </a> 746# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 747Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 748 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 749 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 750 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 752 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 753 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 754 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 755 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 756 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 757 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 758 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 759 760# Belgium 761# 762# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 763# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 764# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 765# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 766# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 767# pp 8-9. 768# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 769# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 770# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 771# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 772# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 773# 774# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 775Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 776Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 777Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 778Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 779Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 780Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 781Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 782Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 783Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 784Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 785Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 786Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 787# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 788# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 789# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 790# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 791Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 792Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 793Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 794Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 795Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 796Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 797Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 798Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 799Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 800Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 801Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 802Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 803Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 804Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 805Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 806Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 807Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 808Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 809Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 810Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 811Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 812Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 813# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 814Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 815 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 816 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 817 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 818 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 819 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 820 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 821 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 822 1:00 EU CE%sT 823 824# Bosnia and Herzegovina 825# See Europe/Belgrade. 826 827# Bulgaria 828# 829# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 830# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 831# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 832# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 833# 834# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 835Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 836Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 837Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 838Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 839Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 840# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 841Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 842 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 843 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 844 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 845 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 846 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 847 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 848 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 849 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 850 2:00 EU EE%sT 851 852# Croatia 853# See Europe/Belgrade. 854 855# Cyprus 856# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 857 858# Czech Republic 859# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 860Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 861Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 862Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 863Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 864Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 865Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 866Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 867# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 868Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 869 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 870 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 871 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 872 1:00 EU CE%sT 873# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 874 875# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 876 877# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 878# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 879# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 880# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 881# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 882# 883# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 884# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 885# 886# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 887# in subsequenet decrees with the law 888# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 889# 890# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 891# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 892# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 893# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 894# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 895# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 896# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 897# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 898# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 899# was suspended on that night): 900# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 901 902# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 903# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 904# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 905 906# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 907# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 908# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 909 910# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 911Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 912Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 913Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 914Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 915Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 916Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 917Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 918Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 919Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 920Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 921Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 922# 923# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 924Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 925 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 926 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 927 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 928 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 929 1:00 EU CE%sT 930Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 931 0:00 - WET 1981 932 0:00 EU WE%sT 933# 934# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 935# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 936# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 937# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 938# 939# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 940# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 941# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 942# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 943# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 944# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 945 946# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 947# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 948# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 949# 950# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 951# is according to the following time line: 952# 953# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 954# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 955# Scoresbysund UTC-1 956# Danmarkshavn UTC 957# 958# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 959# introduced. 960 961# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 962# 963# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 964# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 965# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 966# info from earlier correspondence.] 967# 968# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 969# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 970# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 971# 972# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 973# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 974# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 975# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 976# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 977# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 978# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 979# 980# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 981# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 982# 983# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 984# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 985# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 986# 987# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 988# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 989# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 990# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 991# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 992 993# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 994# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 995# there at 2:00 AM. 996 997# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 998# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 999# the 1995 map as like Godthab. 1000# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 1001# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1002# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1003# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1004# 1005# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1006Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1007Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1008Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1009Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1010Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1011Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1012# 1013# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1014Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1015 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1016 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1017 0:00 - GMT 1018Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1019 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1020 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1021 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1022Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1023 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1024 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1025Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1026 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1027 1028# Estonia 1029# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1030# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1031# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1032# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1033# 1034# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1035# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1036# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1037# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1038# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1039# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1040# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1041# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1042# summer time next spring." 1043 1044# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1045# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 1046# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1047# </a> 1048# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1049# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1050# 1051# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1052# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1053# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1054 1055# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 1056# via Steffen Thorsen: 1057# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1058# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1059# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1060# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1061# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1062# after that. 1063 1064# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1065# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1066# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1067# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1068 1069# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1070# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1071# Now we are using again EU rules. 1072# 1073# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 1074# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1075 1076# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1077Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1078 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1079 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1080 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1081 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1082 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1083 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1084 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1085 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1086 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1087 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 1088 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1089 2:00 EU EE%sT 1090 1091# Finland 1092 1093# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1094# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1095# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1096 1097# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1098# 1099# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1100# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1101# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1102# according to the central European standards. 1103# 1104# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1105# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1106# Finnish) at 1107# 1108# <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> 1109# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1110# </a> 1111# 1112# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1113# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1114# 1115# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1116# 1117# <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> 1118# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1119# </a> 1120# 1121# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1122# exist tonight." 1123 1124# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1125Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1126Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1127Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1128Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1130Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 1131 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1132 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1133 2:00 EU EE%sT 1134 1135# Aaland Is 1136Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1137 1138 1139# France 1140 1141# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1142# 1143# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 1144# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1145# 1146# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 1147# Paris, 1991 1148# 1149# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 1150# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 1151 1152 1153# 1154# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1155# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1156Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1157Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1158Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1159Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1160Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1161Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1162Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1163Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1164Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1165Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1166# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1167# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1168# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1169Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1170Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1171Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1172Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1173Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1174Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1175Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1176Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1177Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1178Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1179Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1180Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1181Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1182Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1183Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1184Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1185Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1186Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1187Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1188Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1189# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1190# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1191# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 1192# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1193# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1194# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1195# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1196# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1197Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1198# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1199# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1200# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1201# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1202Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1203Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1204Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1205Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1206Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1207Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1208Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1209Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1210Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1211# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1212# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1213Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1214Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1215# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1216# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1217# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1218# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1219# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1220Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1221 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1222# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1223 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1224# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1225# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1226 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1227 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1228 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1229 1:00 EU CE%sT 1230 1231# Germany 1232 1233# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1234# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1235# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1236# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1237 1238# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1239# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1240# <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1241# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1242 1243# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1244# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1245# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1246# </a> 1247# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1248# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1249# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1250 1251 1252# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1253Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1254Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1255Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1256# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1257# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1258# Go with the PTB. 1259Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1260Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1261Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1262Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1263Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1264 1265Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1266Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1267Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1268 1269# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1270Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1271 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1272 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1273 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1274 1:00 EU CE%sT 1275 1276# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1277# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1278# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1279# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1280# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1281# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1282# 1283# Source for the time in Busingen 1980: 1284# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1285 1286# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1287# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1288 1289Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1290 1291# Georgia 1292# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1293# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1294# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1295 1296# Gibraltar 1297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1298Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1299 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1300 1:00 - CET 1982 1301 1:00 EU CE%sT 1302 1303# Greece 1304# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1305# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1306Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1307Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1308# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1309Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1310# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1311Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1312Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1313Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1314# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1315Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1316Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1317Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1318Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1319Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1320Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1321Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1322Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1323Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1324Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1325Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1326Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1327Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1328# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1329Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1330 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1331 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1332 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1333 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1334 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1335 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1336 2:00 EU EE%sT 1337 1338# Hungary 1339# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1340Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1341Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1342Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1343Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1344Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 1345Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1346Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1347Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 1348Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1349Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1350Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1351Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1352Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1353Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1354Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1355Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1356Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1357Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1358Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1359Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1361Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1362 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1363 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1364 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1365 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1366 1:00 EU CE%sT 1367 1368# Iceland 1369# 1370# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1371# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1372# 1373# (1993-12-05): 1374# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1375# Iceland Almanak. 1376# 1377# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1378# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1379# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1380# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1381# 1382# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1383# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1384# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1385# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1386# 1387# (1993-12-10): 1388# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1389# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1390# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1391# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1392# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1393# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1394# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1395# might mean something else (???). 1396# 1397# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1398# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1399# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1400# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1401# 1402# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1403Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1404Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1405Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1406Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1407Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1408Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1409Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1410Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1411Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1412Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1413Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1414# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1415Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1416Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1417# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1418Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1419# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1420Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1421Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1422Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1424Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1425 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1426 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1427 0:00 - GMT 1428 1429# Italy 1430# 1431# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1432# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1433# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1434# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1435# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1436# so record only the time in Rome. 1437# 1438# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1439# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1440# F. Pollastri 1441# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1442# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1443# </a> 1444# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1445# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1446# 1447# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1448# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1449# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1450# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1451# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1452# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1453# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1454# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1455# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1456# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1457# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1458# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1459# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1460# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1461# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1462# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1463# 1464# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1465Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1466Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1467Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1468Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1469Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1470Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1471Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1472Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1473Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1474Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1475Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1476Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1477Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1478Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1479Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1480Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1481Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1482Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1483Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1484Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1485Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1486Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1487Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1488Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1489Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1490Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1491Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1492Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1493Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1494Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1495Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1496Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1497Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1498Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1499Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1500Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1502Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1503 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1504 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1505 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1506 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1507 1:00 EU CE%sT 1508 1509Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1510Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1511 1512# Latvia 1513 1514# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1515 1516# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1517# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1518# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1519# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1520# 1521# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1522# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1523# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1524# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1525# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1526# 1527# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1528# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1529# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1530# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1531# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1532# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1533# 1534# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1535# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1536# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1537# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1538# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1539# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1540# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1541# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1542# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1543# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1544# 1545# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1546# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1547# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1548 1549# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1550# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1551# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1552# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1553# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1554 1555# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 1556# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1557# </a> 1558# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1559# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1560# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1561# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1562# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 1563# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1564# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1565# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1566# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1567# appears that they will not do so.... 1568 1569# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1570Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1571Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1573Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1574 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1575 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1576 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1577 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1578 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1579 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1580 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1581 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1582 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1583 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1584 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1585 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1586 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1587 2:00 EU EE%sT 1588 1589# Liechtenstein 1590 1591# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1592# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1593 1594# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1595# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1596# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1597# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1598# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1599# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1600# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1601# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1602# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1603 1604Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1605 1606 1607# Lithuania 1608 1609# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1610# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1611# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1612 1613# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1614# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1615# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1616 1617# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1618# via Steffen Thorsen: 1619# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1620# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1621# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1622# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1623# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1624# already done by Estonia. 1625 1626# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1627# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1628# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1629 1630# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1631# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1632# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1633# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1634# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1635# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1636# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1637 1638 1639# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1640Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1641 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1642 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1643 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1644 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1645 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1646 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1647 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1648 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1649 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1650 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1651 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1652 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1653 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1654 2:00 EU EE%sT 1655 1656# Luxembourg 1657# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1658# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1659# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1660Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1661Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1662Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1663Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1664Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1665Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1666Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1667Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1668Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1669Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1670Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1671Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1672Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1673Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1674Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1675Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1676Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1677Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1678Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1679Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1680Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1681Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1682Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1683# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1684Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1685 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1686 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1687 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1688 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1689 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1690 1:00 EU CE%sT 1691 1692# Macedonia 1693# See Europe/Belgrade. 1694 1695# Malta 1696# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1697Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1698Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1699Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1700Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1701Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1702Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1703Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1704# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1705Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1706 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1707 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1708 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1709 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1710 1:00 EU CE%sT 1711 1712# Moldova 1713 1714# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1715# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1716# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1717# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1718# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1719# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1720# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1721# But [two people] separately reported via 1722# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1723# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1724# 1725# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1726# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1727# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1728# to the Winter Time). 1729# 1730# News (in Russian): 1731# <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html"> 1732# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1733# </a> 1734# 1735# <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html"> 1736# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1737# </a> 1738# 1739# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1740# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1741# 1742# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1743# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1744# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1745# 1746# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1747# 1748# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1749# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1750# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1751# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1752# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1753# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1754# News from Moldova (in russian): 1755# <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html"> 1756# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1757# </a> 1758 1759 1760# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1761Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1762 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1763 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1764 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1765 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1766 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1767 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1768 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1769 2:00 - EET 1991 1770 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1771 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1772# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1773 2:00 EU EE%sT 1774 1775# Monaco 1776# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1777# more precise 0:09:21. 1778# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1779Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1780 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1781 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1782 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1783 1:00 EU CE%sT 1784 1785# Montenegro 1786# See Europe/Belgrade. 1787 1788# Netherlands 1789 1790# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1791# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1792 1793# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1794# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1795# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1796# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1797# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1798# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1799# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1800# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1801# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1802# 1803# (2001-04-08): 1804# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1805# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1806# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1807# 1808# (2001-04-09): 1809# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1810# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1811# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1812# actually followed. 1813# 1814# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1815# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1816# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1817# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1818# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1819# 1820# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1821# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1822# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1823# Amsterdam mean time. 1824 1825# The data before 1945 are taken from 1826# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 1827 1828# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1829Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1830Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1831Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1832Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1833Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1834Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1835Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1836Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1837Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1838Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1839Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1840# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1841# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1842Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1843Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1844Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1845Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1846Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1847Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1848Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1849Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1850Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1851# 1852# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1853# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1854# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1855Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1856 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1857 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1858 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1859 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1860 1:00 EU CE%sT 1861 1862# Norway 1863# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1864# Pottenger. 1865# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1866Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1867Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1868Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1869Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1870Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1871Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1872Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1873# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1874Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1875 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1876 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1877 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1878 1:00 EU CE%sT 1879 1880# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1881 1882# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1883# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1884# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1885# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1886# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1887# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1888# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 1889# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 1890# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1891# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1892# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1893# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1894# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1895# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1896# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1897# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1898# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1899# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1900 1901# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1902# 1903# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1904# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1905# keeping Berlin time. 1906# 1907# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1908# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1909# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1910# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1911# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1912# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1913# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1914# 1915# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1916# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1917# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1918# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1919# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1920# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1921# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 1922# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1923# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1924# 1925# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1926# for these regions. 1927Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1928 1929# Poland 1930# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1931Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1932Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1933Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1934# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1935Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1936# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1937Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1938Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1939# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1940# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1941# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1942# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1943# He also gives these further references: 1944# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1945# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1946Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1947Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1948Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1949Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1950Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1951Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1952Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1953Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1954Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1955Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1956Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1957Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1958Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1959Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1960# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1961Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1962 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1963 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1964 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1965 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1966 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1967 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1968 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1969 1:00 EU CE%sT 1970 1971# Portugal 1972# 1973# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 1974# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1975# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1976# 1977# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1978# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1979# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1980# 1981# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1982# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1983# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1984# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1985# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1986# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1987# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1988# 1989# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1990# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1991# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1992# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1993Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1994# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1995Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1996Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1997Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1998Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1999Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2000Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2001Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2002Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2003Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2004Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2005Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2006Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2007Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2008Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2009Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2010# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2011Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2012Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2013Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2014# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2015Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2016# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2017Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2018Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2019# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2020Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2021Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2022Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2023# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2024Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2025Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2026# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2027Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2028Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2029Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2030Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2031Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2032Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2033Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2034Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2035Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2036Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2037Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2038Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2039Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2040# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2041# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2042Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2043Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2044Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2045Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2046Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2047Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2048Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2049Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2050Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2051Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2052# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2053# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 2054# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 2055Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 2056 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2057 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2058 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2059 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2060 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2061 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2062 0:00 EU WE%sT 2063Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2064 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 2065 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2066 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2067 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2068 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2069 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2070Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2071 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 2072 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2073 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2074 0:00 EU WE%sT 2075 2076# Romania 2077# 2078# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2079# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 2080# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2081# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2082# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2083# the same year as Bulgaria. 2084# 2085# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2086Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2087Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2088Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2089Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2090Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2091Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2092Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2093Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2094Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2095# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2096Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2097 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2098 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2099 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2100 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2101 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2102 2:00 EU EE%sT 2103 2104# Russia 2105 2106# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2107# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011 2108# (Government document 2109# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/"> 2110# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2111# </a> 2112# in Russian) 2113# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2114# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2115# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2116# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm"> 2117# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2118# </a> 2119 2120# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2121# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2122# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966"> 2123# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2124# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2125 2126# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2127# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2128# changed in September 2011: 2129# 2130# One source is 2131# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/> 2132# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2133# </a> 2134# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2135# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2136# 2137# Another source is 2138# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html"> 2139# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2140# </a> 2141# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2142# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2143# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2144# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2145# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2146# 2147# Another source is 2148# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7"> 2149# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2150# </a> 2151# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011... 2152# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2153# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2154# 2155# The Wikipedia article refers to 2156# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896"> 2157# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2158# </a> 2159# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2160# 2161# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2162# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2163# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get 2164# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes). 2165# 2166# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2167# 2168# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2169 2170# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2171# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2172# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2173# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2174# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2175# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2176# 2177# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2178# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2179# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2180# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2181# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2182# 2183# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2184# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2185# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2186# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2187# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2188# 2189# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2190# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2191# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2192# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2193# 2194# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2195# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2196# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2197# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2198# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 2199# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2200# 2201# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2202# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2203# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2204# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2205# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2206# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2207# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2208# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2209# 2210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2211# 2212# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 2213Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2214 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2215 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2216 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2217 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2218 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 2219# 2220# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2221# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 2222# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2223# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 2224# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 2225# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 2226# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2227# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 2228# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 2229# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 2230# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 2231# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2232# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 2233# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2234# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 2235# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 2236# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 2237# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 2238# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 2239# Yaroslavskaya oblast' 2240Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2241 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2242 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2243 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2244 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2245 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2246 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2247 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2248 4:00 - MSK 2249# 2250# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2251# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2252# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2253# others? But we have no data. 2254Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2255 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2256 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2257 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2258 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2259 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2260 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2261 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2262 4:00 - VOLT 2263# 2264# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2265# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 2266Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2267 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2268 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2269 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2270 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2271 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2272 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2273 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2274 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2275 4:00 - SAMT 2276 2277# 2278# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2279# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2280# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 2281# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 2282# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 2283# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2284Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2285 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2286 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2287 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2288 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2289 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time 2290# 2291# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2292# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 2293Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2294 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 2295 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2296 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2297 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2298 7:00 - OMST 2299# 2300# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2301# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2302# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 2303Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2304 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2305 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2306 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2307 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2308 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2309 7:00 - NOVT 2310 2311# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2312# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2313# March 28, 2010: 2314# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2315# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2316# 2317# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2318# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2319# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2320# 2321# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2322# <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2323# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2324# </a> 2325# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2326# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2327# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2328# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2329# </a> 2330# 2331# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2332# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2333# 2334# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2335# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2336 2337Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2338 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2339 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2340 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2341 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2342 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2343 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2344 2345# 2346# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2347# Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2348# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 2349# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2350Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2351 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2352 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2353 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2354 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2355 8:00 - KRAT 2356# 2357# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2358# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 2359# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2360Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 2361 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2362 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2363 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2364 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2365 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2366 9:00 - IRKT 2367# 2368# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2369# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 2370# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2371 2372# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2373# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005... 2374# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2375# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2376 2377# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2378# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2379# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2380# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2381# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2382# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2383# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2384 2385Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2386 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2387 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2388 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2389 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2390 10:00 - YAKT 2391# 2392# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2393# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 2394# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2395 2396# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2397# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij. 2398Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2399 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2400 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2401 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2402 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2403 11:00 - VLAT 2404 2405# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2406# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2407# in 2011. 2408# 2409# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2410# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2411# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2412# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2413# 2414Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2415 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2416 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2417 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2418 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2419 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2420 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2421 10:00 - YAKT 2422 2423# 2424# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 2425# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2426Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2427 9:00 - CJT 1938 2428 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2429 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 2430 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2431 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2432 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2433 11:00 - SAKT 2434# 2435# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2436# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2437# Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2438 2439# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2440# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2441# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij. 2442Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2443 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2444 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2445 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2446 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2447 12:00 - MAGT 2448 2449# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2450# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from 2451# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2452Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2453 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2454 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 2455 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2456 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2457 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2458 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2459 11:00 - VLAT 2460 2461# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2462# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2463# 2464# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 2465Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2466 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2467 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2468 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2469 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2470 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2471 12:00 - PETT 2472# 2473# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 2474Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2475 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2476 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2477 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2478 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2479 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2480 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2481 12:00 - ANAT 2482 2483# San Marino 2484# See Europe/Rome. 2485 2486# Serbia 2487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2488Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2489 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2490 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2491 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2492 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2493# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2494# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2495# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2496 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2497 1:00 EU CE%sT 2498Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2499Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2500Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2501Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2502Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2503 2504# Slovakia 2505Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2506 2507# Slovenia 2508# See Europe/Belgrade. 2509 2510# Spain 2511# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2512# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2513# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2514Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2515Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2516Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2517Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2518# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2519Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2520# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2521Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2522Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2523# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2524Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2525Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2526Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2527Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2528# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2529# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2530Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2531Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2532Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2533Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2534Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2535# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2536Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2537Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2538Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2539Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2540Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2541Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2542Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2543Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2544Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2545Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2546Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2547Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2548Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2549Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2550Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2551# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2552Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2553Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2554Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2555Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2556Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2557Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2558Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2559Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2560Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2561# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2562Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2563 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2564 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2565 1:00 EU CE%sT 2566Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2567 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2568 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2569 0:00 - WET 1924 2570 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2571 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2572 1:00 - CET 1986 2573 1:00 EU CE%sT 2574Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2575 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2576 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2577 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2578 0:00 EU WE%sT 2579# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2580# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2581 2582# Sweden 2583 2584# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2585# 2586# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2587# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2588# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2589# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2590# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2591# 2592# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2593# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2594# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2595# 2596# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2597# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2598# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2599# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2600# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2601# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2602# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2603# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2604# 2605# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2606# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2607# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2608# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2609# 2610# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2611# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2612# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2613# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2614# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2615# the Sok-button). 2616# 2617# (2001-05-13): 2618# 2619# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2620# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2621# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2622# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2623# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2624# hour before the event took place. 2625# 2626# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2627 2628# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2629Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2630 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2631 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2632 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 2633 1:00 - CET 1980 2634 1:00 EU CE%sT 2635 2636# Switzerland 2637# From Howse: 2638# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2639# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2640# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2641# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2642# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 2643# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2644# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2645# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2646# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2647# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2648 2649# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2650# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2651# 2652# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2653# to be wrong. This is now verified. 2654# 2655# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2656# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2657# federal law collection)... 2658# 2659# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2660# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2661# 2662# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2663# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2664# 2665# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2666# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2667# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2668# other years are made. 2669# 2670# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2671# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2672# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2673# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2674# 2675# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2676# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2677# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2678# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2679# 2680# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2681# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2682# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2683# 2684# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2685# 2686# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2687# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 2688# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2689# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2690# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2691# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2692# 2693# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 2694# The Federal regulations say 2695# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 2696# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50". 2697# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 2698 2699# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 2700# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893) 2701# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ... 2702# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 2703# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 2704# hour before the beginning of service. 2705 2706# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 2707# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 2708# 2709# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 2710# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 2711# 2712# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und 2713# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 2714# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 2715# 2716# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 2717# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 2718# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 2719# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 2720# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 2721# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 2722# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 2723# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 2724# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 2725# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 2726# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 2727 2728# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2729Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2730Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2731# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2732Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 2733 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 2734 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2735 1:00 EU CE%sT 2736 2737# Turkey 2738 2739# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2740# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2741# ... The latest rules are available at - 2742# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2743# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2744# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2745# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2746# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2747# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2748# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2749# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2750# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2751# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2752# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2753# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2754# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2755 2756# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2757# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2758# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2759# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2760# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2761# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2762# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2763# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2764# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2765 2766# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 2767# 2768# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 2769# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 2770# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 2771# 2772# <a href="http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872"> 2773# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 2774# </a> 2775# Turkish: 2776# <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373"> 2777# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 2778# </a> 2779 2780# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2781Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2782Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2783Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2784Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2785Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2786Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2787Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2788Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2789# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2790# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2791Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 2792Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2793Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2794Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 2795Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2796Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 2797Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2798Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2799# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2800# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2801Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2802Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 2803Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2804Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2805Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2806Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 2807Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2808Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2809Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 2810Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2811Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2812Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 2813Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2814Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 2815Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2816Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2817Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2818Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 2819Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 2820Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2821Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 2822Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2823Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2824Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2825Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2826Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2827Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 2828Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 2829Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 2830Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 2831Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 2832Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 2833Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2834Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2835Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2836Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2837Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2838Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2839# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2840Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2841 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2842 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2843 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2844 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2845 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2846 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2847 2:00 EU EE%sT 2848Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2849 2850# Ukraine 2851# 2852# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 2853# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2854# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 2855# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2856# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2857# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2858# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2859 2860# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 2861# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 2862# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 2863# 2864# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 2865# approval from 266 deputies. 2866# 2867# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian) 2868# <a href="http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/"> 2869# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 2870# </a> 2871# 2872# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 2873# <a href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html"> 2874# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 2875# </a> 2876# 2877# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 2878# <a href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/"> 2879# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 2880# </a> 2881# 2882# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 2883# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 2884# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 2885# time this year after all. 2886# 2887# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 2888# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 2889# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 2890# to Russia) was reverted today: 2891# 2892# <a href="http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995"> 2893# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 2894# </a> 2895# 2896# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 2897# The law documents themselves are at 2898# 2899# <a href="http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484"> 2900# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 2901# </a> 2902 2903 2904# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2905# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2906# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2907# "Kiev" is more common in English. 2908Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2909 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2910 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2911 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 2912 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2913 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2914 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2915 2:00 - EET 1992 2916 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2917 2:00 EU EE%sT 2918# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2919# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2920# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 2921Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 2922 1:00 - CET 1940 2923 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2924 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 2925 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 2926 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2927 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2928 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2929 2:00 - EET 1992 2930 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2931 2:00 EU EE%sT 2932# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2933# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2934# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2935# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2936# portable Posix file names. 2937Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2938 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 2939 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2940 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 2941 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 2942 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2943 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2944 2:00 EU EE%sT 2945# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2946Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2947 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2948 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2949 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2950 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2951 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2952 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2953 2:00 - EET 1992 2954# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2955# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2956# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2957# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2958# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2959# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2960# changed in May. 2961 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2962# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2963 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2964 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2965# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2966# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2967 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2968 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2969 2:00 EU EE%sT 2970 2971# Vatican City 2972# See Europe/Rome. 2973 2974############################################################################### 2975 2976# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2977# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2978# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2979# 2980# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2981# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2982# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2983# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2984# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2985# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2986 2987# ... 2988# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2989# From: Tom Hofmann 2990# ... 2991# 2992# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2993# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2994# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2995# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2996# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2997# years... 2998# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2999# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3000# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3001# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 3002# 3003# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3004# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3005# 3006# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3007# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3008# ... 3009 3010# ... 3011# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3012# From: Dik T. Winter 3013# ... 3014# 3015# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3016# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3017# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3018# 3019# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3020# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3021# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3022# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3023# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3024# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3025# dates... 3026# 3027# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3028# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3029# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3030# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3031# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3032# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3033# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3034# in advance of normal time. 3035# 3036# ... 3037# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3038# ... 3039 3040# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3041# ... 3042# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3043# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3044# ... 3045# Monaco: has same DST as France. 3046# ... 3047