australasia revision 8845:4be14673b9bf
1# 2# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3# 4# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9# 10# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14# accompanied this code). 15# 16# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19# 20# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22# questions. 23# 24# <pre> 25# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28# This file also includes Pacific islands. 29 30# Notes are at the end of this file 31 32############################################################################### 33 34# Australia 35 36# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 37 38# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 40Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 41Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 42Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 43Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 44Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 45Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 46# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 47# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 48# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 49 50# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51# Northern Territory 52Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 53 9:00 - CST 1899 May 54 9:30 Aus CST 55# Western Australia 56# 57# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 58Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 59Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 60Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 61Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 62Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 63Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 64Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 65Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 68 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 69 8:00 AW WST 70Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 71 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 72 8:45 AW CWST 73 74# Queensland 75# 76# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 77# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 78# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 79# Queensland ceased to. 80# 81# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 82# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 83# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 84# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 85# so use Lindeman. 86# 87# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 89Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 91Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 93Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 94Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 95 10:00 Aus EST 1971 96 10:00 AQ EST 97Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 98 10:00 Aus EST 1971 99 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 100 10:00 Holiday EST 101 102# South Australia 103# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 104Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 105Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 106Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 107Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 108Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 109Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 110Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 119# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 121 9:00 - CST 1899 May 122 9:30 Aus CST 1971 123 9:30 AS CST 124 125# Tasmania 126# 127# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 128# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 129# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 130# 131# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 132Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 133Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 134Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 135Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 136Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 137Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 138Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 141Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 142Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 145Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 153 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 154 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 155 10:00 Aus EST 1967 156 10:00 AT EST 157Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 158 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 159 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 161 10:00 AT EST 162 163# Victoria 164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AV EST 183 184# New South Wales 185# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 186Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 187Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 188Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 189Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 192Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 193Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 194Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 195Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 196Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 197Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 198Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 199Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 200Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 201Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 202# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 203Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 204 10:00 Aus EST 1971 205 10:00 AN EST 206Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 208 9:00 - CST 1899 May 209 9:30 Aus CST 1971 210 9:30 AN CST 2000 211 9:30 AS CST 212 213# Lord Howe Island 214# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 215Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 216Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 217Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 218Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 219Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 220Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 221Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 222Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 223Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 224Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 226Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 227Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 228Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 229Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 231 10:30 LH LHST 232 233# Australian miscellany 234# 235# Ashmore Is, Cartier 236# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 237# no times are set 238# 239# Coral Sea Is 240# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 241# no times are set 242# 243# Macquarie 244# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 245# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 246# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 247# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 248# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 249# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 250# 251# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 252# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 253# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 254# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 255# on 4 April. 256# 257# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 258# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 259# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 260# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 261# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 262Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 263 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 264 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 265 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 266 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 267 10:00 Aus EST 1967 268 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 269 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 270 271# Christmas 272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 273Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 274 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 275 276# Cook Is 277# From Shanks & Pottenger: 278# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 279Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 280Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 281Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 284 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 285 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 286 287# Cocos 288# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 289# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 292 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 293 294# Fiji 295 296# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 297 298# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 299# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 300# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 301# 302# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 303# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 304# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 305# </a> 306# or 307# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 308# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 309# </a> 310 311# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 312# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 313# amendments: 314# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 315# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 316# </a> 317 318# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 319# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 320# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 321# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 322# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 323# 324# Official source: 325# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 326# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 327# </a> 328# 329# A bit more background info here: 330# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 331# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 332# </a> 333 334# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 335# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 336# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 337# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 338# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 339# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 340# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 341# </a> 342# or 343# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 344# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 345# </a> 346 347# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 348# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 349# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 350# 351# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 352# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 353# </a> 354# which says 355# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 356# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 357# 2am on February 26 next year. 358 359# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 360# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 361# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 362# 363# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 364# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 365# </a> 366# states: 367# 368# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 369# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 370# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 371# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 372 373# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 374# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 375# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 376# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 377# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 378 379# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 380# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 and end at 3am 381# on Sunday 19th January, 2014.... move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 382# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 383# 384# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 385# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 386# Monday in October. This matches both recent practice and 387# timeanddate.com's current spring-forward prediction. 388# For the January 2014 transition we guessed right while timeanddate.com 389# guessed wrong, so leave the fall-back prediction alone. 390 391# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 392Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 393Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 394Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 395Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 396Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 397Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 398Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 401 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 402 403# French Polynesia 404# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 405Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 406 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 407Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 408 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 409Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 410 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 411# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 412# it is uninhabited. 413 414# Guam 415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 417 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 418 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 419 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 420 421# Kiribati 422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 424 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 425Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 426 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 427 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 428 13:00 - PHOT 429Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 430 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 431 -10:00 - LINT 1995 432 14:00 - LINT 433 434# N Mariana Is 435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 437 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 438 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 439 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 440 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 441 442# Marshall Is 443# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 445 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 446 12:00 - MHT 447Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 448 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 449 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 450 12:00 - MHT 451 452# Micronesia 453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 454Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 455 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 456Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 457 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 458Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 459 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 460 12:00 - KOST 1999 461 11:00 - KOST 462 463# Nauru 464# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 466 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 467 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 468 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 469 12:00 - NRT 470 471# New Caledonia 472# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 473Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 474Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 475Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 476# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 477Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 478# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 479Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 480 11:00 NC NC%sT 481 482 483############################################################################### 484 485# New Zealand 486 487# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 488Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 489Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 490Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 491Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 492Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 493Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 494Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 495# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 496# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 497Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 498Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 499Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 500Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 501Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 502Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 503Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 504Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 505Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 506Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 507Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 508Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 509Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 510Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 511Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 512Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 513Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 514Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 515# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 516Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 517 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 518 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 519Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 520 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 521 522Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 523 524# Auckland Is 525# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 526# and scientific personnel have wintered 527 528# Campbell I 529# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 530# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 531# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 532# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 533 534############################################################################### 535 536 537# Niue 538# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 539Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 540 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 541 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 542 -11:00 - NUT 543 544# Norfolk 545# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 547 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 548 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 549 550# Palau (Belau) 551# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 552Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 553 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 554 555# Papua New Guinea 556# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 557Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 558 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 559 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 560 561# Pitcairn 562# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 563Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 564 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 565 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 566 567# American Samoa 568Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 569 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 570 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 571 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 572 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 573 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 574 575# Samoa 576 577# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 578# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 579# the following info: 580# 581# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 582# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 583# Sunday of April 2011." 584# 585# Background info: 586# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 587# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 588# </a> 589# 590# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 591# contain any dates: 592# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 593# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 594# </a> 595 596# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 597# Please see 598# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 599# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 600# </a>, 601# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 602# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 603# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 604# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 605 606# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 607# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 608# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 609# www.mcil.gov.ws 610# </a> 611# 612# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 613# 614# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 615# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 616# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 617# 618# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 619# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 620# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 621# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 622# 623# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 624# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 625 626# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 627# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 628# 629# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 630# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 631# </a> 632 633# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 634# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 635# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 636# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 637# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 638# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 639# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 640# 641# International Date Line Bill 2011 642# 643# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 644# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 645# Line, and for related purposes. 646# 647# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 648# assembled as follows: 649# 650# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 651# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 652# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 653# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 654# 655# [snip] 656# 657# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 658# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 659# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 660# 661# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 662# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 663# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 664# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 665# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 666# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 667# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 668# it defines Samoa standard time.... 669 670# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 671# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 672# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 673# </a> 674# 675# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 676# 677# DST 678# Year End Time Start Time 679# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 680# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 681# 682# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 683# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 684# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 685# 686# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 687# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 688# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 689# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 690# 691# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 692# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 693# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 694# 695# Please find link below for more information. 696# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 697# 698# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 699# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 700# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 701 702# Western Samoa 703# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 704Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 705Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 706# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 707Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 708 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 709 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 710 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 711 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 712 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 713 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 714 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 715 13:00 WS WS%sT 716 717# Solomon Is 718# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 719# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 720Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 721 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 722 723# Tokelau Is 724# 725# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 726# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 727# December 31 this year ... 728# 729# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 730# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 731# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 732# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 733# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 734# 735# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 736# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 737# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 738# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 739# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 740# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 741 742# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 744 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 745 13:00 - TKT 746 747# Tonga 748# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 749Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 750Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 751Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 752Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 753# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 754Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 755 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 756 13:00 - TOT 1999 757 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 758 759# Tuvalu 760# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 761Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 762 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 763 764 765# US minor outlying islands 766 767# Howland, Baker 768# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 769# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 770# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 771# uninhabited thereafter. 772# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 773# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 774# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 775# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 776# until they were abandoned after the war. 777 778# Jarvis 779# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 780# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 781# uninhabited thereafter. 782# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 783 784# Johnston 785# 786# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-03): 787# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 788# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 789# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 790# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 791# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 792# We have no better information, so for now, assume this has been true 793# indefinitely into the past. 794# 795# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 796 797# Kingman 798# uninhabited 799 800# Midway 801# 802# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 803# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 804# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 805# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 806# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 807# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 808# designations that I've never seen before:.... 809# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 810# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 811# 812Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 813 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 814 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 815 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 816 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 817 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 818 819# Palmyra 820# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 821 822# Wake 823# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 824Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 825 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 826 827 828# Vanuatu 829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 830Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 831Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 832Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 833Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 834Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 835Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 836# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 837Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 838 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 839 840# Wallis and Futuna 841# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 842Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 843 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 844 845############################################################################### 846 847# NOTES 848 849# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 850# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 851# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 852 853# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 854# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 855# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 856# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 857# 858# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 859# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 860# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 861# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 862# of the IATA's data after 1990. 863# 864# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 865# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 866# 867# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 868# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 869# I found in the UCLA library. 870# 871# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 872# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 873# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 874# 875# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 876# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 877# 878# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 879# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 880# Corrections are welcome! 881# std dst 882# LMT Local Mean Time 883# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 884# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 885# 9:00 JST Japan 886# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 887# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 888# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 889# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 890# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 891# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 892# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 893# -11:00 SST Samoa 894# -10:00 HST Hawaii 895# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 896# 897# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 898# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 899 900############################################################################### 901 902# Australia 903 904# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 905# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 906# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 907# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 908 909# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 910# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 911# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 912# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 913 914# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 915# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 916# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 917# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 918# abbreviation does _not_ change... 919# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 920# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 921# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 922# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 923# time'. 924# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 925# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 926# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 927# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 928# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 929# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 930# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 931 932# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 933# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 934# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 935# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 936# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 937 938# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 939# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 940# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 941# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 942# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 943 944# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 945# versus "AEST" etc.: 946# 947# I see the following points of dispute: 948# 949# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 950# 951# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 952# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 953# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 954# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 955# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 956# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 957# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 958# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 959# 960# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 961# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 962# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 963# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 964# 965# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 966# 967# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 968# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 969# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 970# Time, for example. 971# 972# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 973# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 974# tiebreaker. 975# 976# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 977# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 978# the word "Australian"? 979# 980# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 981# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 982# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 983# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 984# following count of page hits: 985# 986# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 987# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 988# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 989# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 990# 991# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 992# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 993# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 994# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 995# 996# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 997# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 998# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 999# are the hit counts anyway: 1000# 1001# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 1002# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 1003# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 1004# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 1005# 1006# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 1007# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 1008# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 1009# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 1010# 1011# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 1012# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 1013# 1014# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 1015# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 1016# the ambiguities involved. 1017# 1018# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 1019# 1020# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 1021# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 1022# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 1023# understood in Australia. 1024 1025# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1026# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1027# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1028# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1029# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1030# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 1031# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1032 1033# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1034# 1035# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1036# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1037# relevant entries in this database. 1038# 1039# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1040# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 1041# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1042# </a> 1043# ACT 1044# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1045# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1046# </a> 1047# SA 1048# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1049# Standard Time Act, 1898 1050# </a> 1051 1052# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1053# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1054# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1055# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1056# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1057# 1058# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1059# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1060# to extend DST together in 2006. 1061# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1062# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1063# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1064# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1065# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1066# allude to it. 1067# But not Queensland 1068# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1069 1070# Northern Territory 1071 1072# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1073# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1074# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1075# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1076# ... 1077# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1078 1079# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1080# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1081# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1082 1083# Western Australia 1084 1085# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1086# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1087# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1088# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1089# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1090# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1091# # before reaching parliament. 1092# ... 1093# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1094# ... 1095# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1096# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1097# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1098# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1099 1100# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1101# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1102# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1103 1104# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1105# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1106# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1107# work at 9.00am.) 1108# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1109# everybody again. 1110 1111# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1112# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1113# it matches what was used in the past. 1114 1115# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1116# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1117# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1118# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1119 1120# Queensland 1121# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1122# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1123# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1124# ... 1125# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1126# ... 1127# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1128# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1129# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1130# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1131 1132# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1133# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1134# October 1989). 1135 1136# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1137# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1138# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1139# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1140 1141# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1142# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1143# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1144# me.) 1145 1146# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1147# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1148# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1149# ... 1150# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1151# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1152# ... 1153 1154# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1155# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1156 1157# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1158# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1159# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1160# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1161 1162# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1163# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1164# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1165# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1166# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1167# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1168# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1169# Australia and Western Australia.... 1170# 1171# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1172# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1173# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1174# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1175# 1176# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1177# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1178# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1179# coast of the continent. 1180# 1181# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1182# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1183# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1184# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1185# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1186# 1187# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1188# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1189# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1190# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1191# 1192# (2006-12-09): 1193# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1194# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1195# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1196# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1197 1198# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1199# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1200# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1201 1202 1203# southeast Australia 1204# 1205# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1206# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1207# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1208# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1209 1210 1211# South Australia 1212 1213# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1214# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1215# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1216# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1217 1218# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1219# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1220# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1221# ... 1222# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1223# ... 1224# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1225# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1226# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1227# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1228 1229# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1230# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1231# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1232# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1233 1234# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1235# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1236# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1237# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1238# is on... 1239 1240# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1241# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1242# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1243# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1244 1245# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1246# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1247# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1248# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1249 1250# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1251# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1252# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1253# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1254 1255# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1256# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1257 1258# Tasmania 1259 1260# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1261# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1262# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1263# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1264 1265# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1266# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1267# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1268# (but nothing new about that). 1269 1270# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1271# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1272# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1273# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1274# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1275# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1276 1277# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1278# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1279 1280# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1281# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1282 1283# Victoria 1284 1285# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1286# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1287# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1288# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1289 1290# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1291# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1292# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1293# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1294# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1295# in Melbourne, Australia. 1296# 1297# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1298# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1299# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1300# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1301# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1302# expected time. 1303# 1304# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1305# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1306# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1307# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1308# 1309# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1310# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1311 1312# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1313# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1314 1315# New South Wales 1316 1317# From Arthur David Olson: 1318# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1319# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1320# who notes: 1321# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1322# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1323# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1324# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1325# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1326# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1327 1328# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1329# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1330# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1331# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1332# Two months more daylight saving 1333# </a> 1334# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1335 1336# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1337# See the following official NSW source: 1338# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1339# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1340# </a> 1341# 1342# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1343# daylight saving next year. See: 1344# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1345# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1346# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1347# 1348# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1349# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1350# Vic to extend daylight saving 1351# </a> (1999-07-28). 1352# 1353# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1354# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1355# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1356# </a> (1999-07-19). 1357# 1358# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1359# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1360# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1361# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1362# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1363# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1364# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1365# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1366# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1367# 1368# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1369# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1370# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1371# </a> (1999-07-21). 1372 1373# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1374# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1375# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1376 1377# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1378# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1379# towns to use Queensland time. 1380 1381# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1382# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1383 1384# Yancowinna 1385 1386# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1387# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1388 1389# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1390# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1391# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1392# ... 1393# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1394# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1395# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1396# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1397# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1398# # presently available. 1399# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1400# ... 1401# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1402# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1403# [followed by other Rules] 1404 1405# Lord Howe Island 1406 1407# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1408# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1409# [ Dec 1990 ] 1410# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1411# hour ahead of NSW time. 1412 1413# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1414# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1415# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1416# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1417# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1418# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1419# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1420# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1421# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1422# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1423 1424# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1425# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1426# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1427# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1428# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1429# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1430 1431# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1432# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1433# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1434 1435# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1436# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1437 1438# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1439# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1440# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1441# summer (southern hemisphere). 1442# 1443# From 1444# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1445# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1446# </a> 1447# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1448# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1449# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1450# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1451# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1452# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1453# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1454# 1455# We have a wrap-up here: 1456# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1457# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1458# </a> 1459############################################################################### 1460 1461# New Zealand 1462 1463# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1464# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1465# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1466# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1467# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1468 1469# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1470# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1471# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1472# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1473# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1474# ... 1475# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1476# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1477# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1478# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1479# ... 1480# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1481# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1482 1483# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1484# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1485# rather than the October 1 value. 1486 1487# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1488# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1489# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1490# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1491# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1492# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1493# 1494# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1495# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1496# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1497# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1498# 1499# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1500# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1501# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1502 1503# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1504# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1505# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1506# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1507# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1508 1509############################################################################### 1510 1511 1512# Fiji 1513 1514# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1515# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1516# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1517 1518# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1519# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1520# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1521# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1522 1523# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1524# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1525 1526# From the BBC World Service in 1527# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1528# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1529# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1530# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1531# of the new millennium. 1532 1533# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1534# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1535 1536# Johnston 1537 1538# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1539 1540 1541# Kiribati 1542 1543# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1544# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1545# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1546# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1547 1548 1549# Kwajalein 1550 1551# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1552# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1553# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1554# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1555# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1556 1557 1558# N Mariana Is, Guam 1559 1560# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1561# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1562# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1563# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1564# see Asia/Manila. 1565 1566# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1567# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1568# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1569# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1570 1571 1572# Micronesia 1573 1574# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1575# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1576# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1577# 1578# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1579# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1580 1581# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1582# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1583# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1584# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1585# </a> (1999-01-26) 1586# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1587# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1588 1589 1590# Midway 1591 1592# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1593# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1594# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1595# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1596# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1597# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1598# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1599# air at 6am your time. 1600# 1601# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1602# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1603# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1604# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1605 1606 1607# Pitcairn 1608 1609# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1610# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1611# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1612# 1613# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1614# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1615# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1616# 1617# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1618# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1619# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1620 1621# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1622# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1623# ... at midnight. 1624 1625# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1626# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1627# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1628# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1629 1630 1631# Samoa 1632 1633# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1634# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1635# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1636# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1637# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1638 1639 1640# Tonga 1641 1642# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1643# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1644# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1645# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1646 1647# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1648# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1649# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1650# </a>: 1651 1652# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1653# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1654# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1655# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1656# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1657# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1658# 1659# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1660# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1661# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1662# 1663# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1664# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1665# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1666# minutes we have lost?" 1667# 1668# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1669# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1670# to say your prayers in the morning." 1671 1672# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1673# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1674 1675# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1676# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1677# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1678# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1679# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1680# Government. 1681 1682# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1683# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1684# 1685# I was given this link by John Letts: 1686# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1687# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1688# </a> 1689# 1690# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1691# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1692# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1693# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1694 1695# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1696# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1697# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1698# </a>: 1699# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1700# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1701# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1702# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1703# set back an hour on the closing date." 1704# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1705 1706# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1707# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1708# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1709 1710# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1711# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1712# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1713# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1714# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1715# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1716# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1717 1718# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1719# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1720 1721# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1722# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1723# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1724# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1725# hour to 1:00am. 1726 1727# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1728# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1729 1730 1731# Wake 1732 1733# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1734# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1735# 1736# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1737# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1738# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1739# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1740# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1741# impossible. 1742# 1743# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1744 1745# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1746# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1747 1748############################################################################### 1749 1750# The International Date Line 1751 1752# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1753# 1754# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1755# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1756# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1757# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1758# 1759# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1760# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1761# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1762# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1763# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1764# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1765# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1766# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1767# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1768# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1769# correct date is ambiguous. 1770 1771# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1772# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1773# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1774# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1775# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1776# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1777# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1778# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1779# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1780# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1781# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1782# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1783# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1784 1785# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1786# (2005-03-20): 1787# 1788# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1789# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1790# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1791# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1792