xref: /openjdk10/hotspot/src/share/vm/prims/unsafe.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2000-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
 * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
 * have any questions.
 *
 */

/*
 *      Implementation of class sun.misc.Unsafe
 */

#include "incls/_precompiled.incl"
#include "incls/_unsafe.cpp.incl"

#define MAX_OBJECT_SIZE \
  ( arrayOopDesc::header_size(T_DOUBLE) * HeapWordSize \
    + ((julong)max_jint * sizeof(double)) )


#define UNSAFE_ENTRY(result_type, header) \
  JVM_ENTRY(result_type, header)

// Can't use UNSAFE_LEAF because it has the signature of a straight
// call into the runtime (just like JVM_LEAF, funny that) but it's
// called like a Java Native and thus the wrapper built for it passes
// arguments like a JNI call.  It expects those arguments to be popped
// from the stack on Intel like all good JNI args are, and adjusts the
// stack according.  Since the JVM_LEAF call expects no extra
// arguments the stack isn't popped in the C code, is pushed by the
// wrapper and we get sick.
//#define UNSAFE_LEAF(result_type, header) \
//  JVM_LEAF(result_type, header)

#define UNSAFE_END JVM_END

#define UnsafeWrapper(arg) /*nothing, for the present*/


inline void* addr_from_java(jlong addr) {
  // This assert fails in a variety of ways on 32-bit systems.
  // It is impossible to predict whether native code that converts
  // pointers to longs will sign-extend or zero-extend the addresses.
  //assert(addr == (uintptr_t)addr, "must not be odd high bits");
  return (void*)(uintptr_t)addr;
}

inline jlong addr_to_java(void* p) {
  assert(p == (void*)(uintptr_t)p, "must not be odd high bits");
  return (uintptr_t)p;
}


// Note: The VM's obj_field and related accessors use byte-scaled
// ("unscaled") offsets, just as the unsafe methods do.

// However, the method Unsafe.fieldOffset explicitly declines to
// guarantee this.  The field offset values manipulated by the Java user
// through the Unsafe API are opaque cookies that just happen to be byte
// offsets.  We represent this state of affairs by passing the cookies
// through conversion functions when going between the VM and the Unsafe API.
// The conversion functions just happen to be no-ops at present.

inline jlong field_offset_to_byte_offset(jlong field_offset) {
  return field_offset;
}

inline jlong field_offset_from_byte_offset(jlong byte_offset) {
  return byte_offset;
}

inline jint invocation_key_from_method_slot(jint slot) {
  return slot;
}

inline jint invocation_key_to_method_slot(jint key) {
  return key;
}

inline void* index_oop_from_field_offset_long(oop p, jlong field_offset) {
  jlong byte_offset = field_offset_to_byte_offset(field_offset);
#ifdef ASSERT
  if (p != NULL) {
    assert(byte_offset >= 0 && byte_offset <= (jlong)MAX_OBJECT_SIZE, "sane offset");
    if (byte_offset == (jint)byte_offset) {
      void* ptr_plus_disp = (address)p + byte_offset;
      assert((void*)p->obj_field_addr<oop>((jint)byte_offset) == ptr_plus_disp,
             "raw [ptr+disp] must be consistent with oop::field_base");
    }
  }
#endif
  if (sizeof(char*) == sizeof(jint))    // (this constant folds!)
    return (address)p + (jint) byte_offset;
  else
    return (address)p +        byte_offset;
}

// Externally callable versions:
// (Use these in compiler intrinsics which emulate unsafe primitives.)
jlong Unsafe_field_offset_to_byte_offset(jlong field_offset) {
  return field_offset;
}
jlong Unsafe_field_offset_from_byte_offset(jlong byte_offset) {
  return byte_offset;
}
jint Unsafe_invocation_key_from_method_slot(jint slot) {
  return invocation_key_from_method_slot(slot);
}
jint Unsafe_invocation_key_to_method_slot(jint key) {
  return invocation_key_to_method_slot(key);
}


///// Data in the Java heap.

#define GET_FIELD(obj, offset, type_name, v) \
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj); \
  type_name v = *(type_name*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset)

#define SET_FIELD(obj, offset, type_name, x) \
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj); \
  *(type_name*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset) = x

#define GET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, type_name, v) \
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj); \
  volatile type_name v = *(volatile type_name*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset)

#define SET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, type_name, x) \
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj); \
  *(volatile type_name*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset) = x; \
  OrderAccess::fence();

// Macros for oops that check UseCompressedOops

#define GET_OOP_FIELD(obj, offset, v) \
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);   \
  oop v;                              \
  if (UseCompressedOops) {            \
    narrowOop n = *(narrowOop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset); \
    v = oopDesc::decode_heap_oop(n);                                \
  } else {                            \
    v = *(oop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);                 \
  }

#define GET_OOP_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, v) \
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);   \
  volatile oop v;                     \
  if (UseCompressedOops) {            \
    volatile narrowOop n = *(volatile narrowOop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset); \
    v = oopDesc::decode_heap_oop(n);                               \
  } else {                            \
    v = *(volatile oop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);       \
  }


// Get/SetObject must be special-cased, since it works with handles.

// The xxx140 variants for backward compatibility do not allow a full-width offset.
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetObject140(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jint offset))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_GetObject");
  if (obj == NULL)  THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  GET_OOP_FIELD(obj, offset, v)
  return JNIHandles::make_local(env, v);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetObject140(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jint offset, jobject x_h))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetObject");
  if (obj == NULL)  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
  //SET_FIELD(obj, offset, oop, x);
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  if (UseCompressedOops) {
    if (x != NULL) {
      // If there is a heap base pointer, we are obliged to emit a store barrier.
      oop_store((narrowOop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
    } else {
      narrowOop n = oopDesc::encode_heap_oop_not_null(x);
      *(narrowOop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset) = n;
    }
  } else {
    if (x != NULL) {
      // If there is a heap base pointer, we are obliged to emit a store barrier.
      oop_store((oop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
    } else {
      *(oop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset) = x;
    }
  }
UNSAFE_END

// The normal variants allow a null base pointer with an arbitrary address.
// But if the base pointer is non-null, the offset should make some sense.
// That is, it should be in the range [0, MAX_OBJECT_SIZE].
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetObject(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_GetObject");
  GET_OOP_FIELD(obj, offset, v)
  return JNIHandles::make_local(env, v);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetObject(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject x_h))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetObject");
  oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  if (UseCompressedOops) {
    oop_store((narrowOop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
  } else {
    oop_store((oop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
  }
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetObjectVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_GetObjectVolatile");
  GET_OOP_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, v)
  return JNIHandles::make_local(env, v);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetObjectVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject x_h))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetObjectVolatile");
  oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  if (UseCompressedOops) {
    oop_store((narrowOop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
  } else {
    oop_store((oop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
  }
  OrderAccess::fence();
UNSAFE_END

// Volatile long versions must use locks if !VM_Version::supports_cx8().
// support_cx8 is a surrogate for 'supports atomic long memory ops'.

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_GetLongVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_GetLongVolatile");
  {
    if (VM_Version::supports_cx8()) {
      GET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, jlong, v);
      return v;
    }
    else {
      Handle p (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(obj));
      jlong* addr = (jlong*)(index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p(), offset));
      ObjectLocker ol(p, THREAD);
      jlong value = *addr;
      return value;
    }
  }
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetLongVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong x))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetLongVolatile");
  {
    if (VM_Version::supports_cx8()) {
      SET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, jlong, x);
    }
    else {
      Handle p (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(obj));
      jlong* addr = (jlong*)(index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p(), offset));
      ObjectLocker ol(p, THREAD);
      *addr = x;
    }
  }
UNSAFE_END


#define DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jboolean, Boolean) \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_Get##Boolean##140(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jint offset)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Get"#Boolean); \
  if (obj == NULL)  THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException()); \
  GET_FIELD(obj, offset, jboolean, v); \
  return v; \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Set##Boolean##140(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jint offset, jboolean x)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Set"#Boolean); \
  if (obj == NULL)  THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException()); \
  SET_FIELD(obj, offset, jboolean, x); \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_Get##Boolean(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Get"#Boolean); \
  GET_FIELD(obj, offset, jboolean, v); \
  return v; \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Set##Boolean(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jboolean x)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Set"#Boolean); \
  SET_FIELD(obj, offset, jboolean, x); \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
// END DEFINE_GETSETOOP.


#define DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jboolean, Boolean) \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_Get##Boolean##Volatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Get"#Boolean); \
  GET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, jboolean, v); \
  return v; \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Set##Boolean##Volatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jboolean x)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Set"#Boolean); \
  SET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, jboolean, x); \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
// END DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE.

DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jboolean, Boolean)
DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jbyte, Byte)
DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jshort, Short);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jchar, Char);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jint, Int);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jlong, Long);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jfloat, Float);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jdouble, Double);

DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jboolean, Boolean)
DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jbyte, Byte)
DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jshort, Short);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jchar, Char);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jint, Int);
// no long -- handled specially
DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jfloat, Float);
DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jdouble, Double);

#undef DEFINE_GETSETOOP

// The non-intrinsified versions of setOrdered just use setVolatile

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetOrderedInt(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint x)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetOrderedInt"); \
  SET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, jint, x); \
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetOrderedObject(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject x_h))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetOrderedObject");
  oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  if (UseCompressedOops) {
    oop_store((narrowOop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
  } else {
    oop_store((oop*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset), x);
  }
  OrderAccess::fence();
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetOrderedLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong x))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetOrderedLong");
  {
    if (VM_Version::supports_cx8()) {
      SET_FIELD_VOLATILE(obj, offset, jlong, x);
    }
    else {
      Handle p (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(obj));
      jlong* addr = (jlong*)(index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p(), offset));
      ObjectLocker ol(p, THREAD);
      *addr = x;
    }
  }
UNSAFE_END

////// Data in the C heap.

// Note:  These do not throw NullPointerException for bad pointers.
// They just crash.  Only a oop base pointer can generate a NullPointerException.
//
#define DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE(java_type, Type, native_type) \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(java_type, Unsafe_GetNative##Type(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_GetNative"#Type); \
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr); \
  JavaThread* t = JavaThread::current(); \
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(true); \
  java_type x = *(volatile native_type*)p; \
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(false); \
  return x; \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetNative##Type(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr, java_type x)) \
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetNative"#Type); \
  JavaThread* t = JavaThread::current(); \
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(true); \
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr); \
  *(volatile native_type*)p = x; \
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(false); \
UNSAFE_END \
 \
// END DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE.

DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE(jbyte, Byte, signed char)
DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE(jshort, Short, signed short);
DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE(jchar, Char, unsigned short);
DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE(jint, Int, jint);
// no long -- handled specially
DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE(jfloat, Float, float);
DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE(jdouble, Double, double);

#undef DEFINE_GETSETNATIVE

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_GetNativeLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_GetNativeLong");
  JavaThread* t = JavaThread::current();
  // We do it this way to avoid problems with access to heap using 64
  // bit loads, as jlong in heap could be not 64-bit aligned, and on
  // some CPUs (SPARC) it leads to SIGBUS.
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(true);
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
  jlong x;
  if (((intptr_t)p & 7) == 0) {
    // jlong is aligned, do a volatile access
    x = *(volatile jlong*)p;
  } else {
    jlong_accessor acc;
    acc.words[0] = ((volatile jint*)p)[0];
    acc.words[1] = ((volatile jint*)p)[1];
    x = acc.long_value;
  }
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(false);
  return x;
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetNativeLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr, jlong x))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetNativeLong");
  JavaThread* t = JavaThread::current();
  // see comment for Unsafe_GetNativeLong
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(true);
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
  if (((intptr_t)p & 7) == 0) {
    // jlong is aligned, do a volatile access
    *(volatile jlong*)p = x;
  } else {
    jlong_accessor acc;
    acc.long_value = x;
    ((volatile jint*)p)[0] = acc.words[0];
    ((volatile jint*)p)[1] = acc.words[1];
  }
  t->set_doing_unsafe_access(false);
UNSAFE_END


UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_GetNativeAddress(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_GetNativeAddress");
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
  return addr_to_java(*(void**)p);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetNativeAddress(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr, jlong x))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetNativeAddress");
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
  *(void**)p = addr_from_java(x);
UNSAFE_END


////// Allocation requests

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_AllocateInstance(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass cls))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_AllocateInstance");
  {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
    return env->AllocObject(cls);
  }
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_AllocateMemory(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong size))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_AllocateMemory");
  size_t sz = (size_t)size;
  if (sz != (julong)size || size < 0) {
    THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }
  if (sz == 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  sz = round_to(sz, HeapWordSize);
  void* x = os::malloc(sz);
  if (x == NULL) {
    THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError());
  }
  //Copy::fill_to_words((HeapWord*)x, sz / HeapWordSize);
  return addr_to_java(x);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_ReallocateMemory(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr, jlong size))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_ReallocateMemory");
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
  size_t sz = (size_t)size;
  if (sz != (julong)size || size < 0) {
    THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }
  if (sz == 0) {
    os::free(p);
    return 0;
  }
  sz = round_to(sz, HeapWordSize);
  void* x = (p == NULL) ? os::malloc(sz) : os::realloc(p, sz);
  if (x == NULL) {
    THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError());
  }
  return addr_to_java(x);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_FreeMemory(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_FreeMemory");
  void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
  if (p == NULL) {
    return;
  }
  os::free(p);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetMemory(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr, jlong size, jbyte value))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetMemory");
  size_t sz = (size_t)size;
  if (sz != (julong)size || size < 0) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }
  char* p = (char*) addr_from_java(addr);
  Copy::fill_to_memory_atomic(p, sz, value);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetMemory2(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong size, jbyte value))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_SetMemory");
  size_t sz = (size_t)size;
  if (sz != (julong)size || size < 0) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }
  oop base = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  void* p = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(base, offset);
  Copy::fill_to_memory_atomic(p, sz, value);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_CopyMemory(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong srcAddr, jlong dstAddr, jlong size))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_CopyMemory");
  if (size == 0) {
    return;
  }
  size_t sz = (size_t)size;
  if (sz != (julong)size || size < 0) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }
  void* src = addr_from_java(srcAddr);
  void* dst = addr_from_java(dstAddr);
  Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(src, dst, sz);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_CopyMemory2(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject srcObj, jlong srcOffset, jobject dstObj, jlong dstOffset, jlong size))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_CopyMemory");
  if (size == 0) {
    return;
  }
  size_t sz = (size_t)size;
  if (sz != (julong)size || size < 0) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }
  oop srcp = JNIHandles::resolve(srcObj);
  oop dstp = JNIHandles::resolve(dstObj);
  if (dstp != NULL && !dstp->is_typeArray()) {
    // NYI:  This works only for non-oop arrays at present.
    // Generalizing it would be reasonable, but requires card marking.
    // Also, autoboxing a Long from 0L in copyMemory(x,y, 0L,z, n) would be bad.
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }
  void* src = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(srcp, srcOffset);
  void* dst = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(dstp, dstOffset);
  Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(src, dst, sz);
UNSAFE_END


////// Random queries

// See comment at file start about UNSAFE_LEAF
//UNSAFE_LEAF(jint, Unsafe_AddressSize())
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_AddressSize(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_AddressSize");
  return sizeof(void*);
UNSAFE_END

// See comment at file start about UNSAFE_LEAF
//UNSAFE_LEAF(jint, Unsafe_PageSize())
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_PageSize(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_PageSize");
  return os::vm_page_size();
UNSAFE_END

jint find_field_offset(jobject field, int must_be_static, TRAPS) {
  if (field == NULL) {
    THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  }

  oop reflected   = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);
  oop mirror      = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);
  klassOop k      = java_lang_Class::as_klassOop(mirror);
  int slot        = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(reflected);
  int modifiers   = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);

  if (must_be_static >= 0) {
    int really_is_static = ((modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) != 0);
    if (must_be_static != really_is_static) {
      THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
    }
  }

  int offset = instanceKlass::cast(k)->offset_from_fields(slot);
  return field_offset_from_byte_offset(offset);
}

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset");
  return find_field_offset(field, 0, THREAD);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset");
  return find_field_offset(field, 1, THREAD);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_StaticFieldBaseFromField(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_StaticFieldBase");
  // Note:  In this VM implementation, a field address is always a short
  // offset from the base of a a klass metaobject.  Thus, the full dynamic
  // range of the return type is never used.  However, some implementations
  // might put the static field inside an array shared by many classes,
  // or even at a fixed address, in which case the address could be quite
  // large.  In that last case, this function would return NULL, since
  // the address would operate alone, without any base pointer.

  if (field == NULL)  THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());

  oop reflected   = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);
  oop mirror      = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);
  int modifiers   = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);

  if ((modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) == 0) {
    THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
  }

  return JNIHandles::make_local(env, java_lang_Class::as_klassOop(mirror));
UNSAFE_END

//@deprecated
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_FieldOffset(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_FieldOffset");
  // tries (but fails) to be polymorphic between static and non-static:
  jlong offset = find_field_offset(field, -1, THREAD);
  guarantee(offset == (jint)offset, "offset fits in 32 bits");
  return (jint)offset;
UNSAFE_END

//@deprecated
UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_StaticFieldBaseFromClass(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject clazz))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_StaticFieldBase");
  if (clazz == NULL) {
    THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  }
  return JNIHandles::make_local(env, java_lang_Class::as_klassOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz)));
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject clazz))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized");
  if (clazz == NULL) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  }
  oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
  instanceKlass* k = instanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_klassOop(mirror));
  if (k != NULL) {
    k->initialize(CHECK);
  }
UNSAFE_END

static void getBaseAndScale(int& base, int& scale, jclass acls, TRAPS) {
  if (acls == NULL) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  }
  oop      mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(acls);
  klassOop k      = java_lang_Class::as_klassOop(mirror);
  if (k == NULL || !k->klass_part()->oop_is_array()) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InvalidClassException());
  } else if (k->klass_part()->oop_is_objArray()) {
    base  = arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT);
    scale = heapOopSize;
  } else if (k->klass_part()->oop_is_typeArray()) {
    typeArrayKlass* tak = typeArrayKlass::cast(k);
    base  = tak->array_header_in_bytes();
    assert(base == arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(tak->element_type()), "array_header_size semantics ok");
    scale = (1 << tak->log2_element_size());
  } else {
    ShouldNotReachHere();
  }
}

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass acls))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset");
  int base, scale;
  getBaseAndScale(base, scale, acls, CHECK_0);
  return field_offset_from_byte_offset(base);
UNSAFE_END


UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass acls))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale");
  int base, scale;
  getBaseAndScale(base, scale, acls, CHECK_0);
  // This VM packs both fields and array elements down to the byte.
  // But watch out:  If this changes, so that array references for
  // a given primitive type (say, T_BOOLEAN) use different memory units
  // than fields, this method MUST return zero for such arrays.
  // For example, the VM used to store sub-word sized fields in full
  // words in the object layout, so that accessors like getByte(Object,int)
  // did not really do what one might expect for arrays.  Therefore,
  // this function used to report a zero scale factor, so that the user
  // would know not to attempt to access sub-word array elements.
  // // Code for unpacked fields:
  // if (scale < wordSize)  return 0;

  // The following allows for a pretty general fieldOffset cookie scheme,
  // but requires it to be linear in byte offset.
  return field_offset_from_byte_offset(scale) - field_offset_from_byte_offset(0);
UNSAFE_END


static inline void throw_new(JNIEnv *env, const char *ename) {
  char buf[100];
  strcpy(buf, "java/lang/");
  strcat(buf, ename);
  jclass cls = env->FindClass(buf);
  char* msg = NULL;
  env->ThrowNew(cls, msg);
}

static jclass Unsafe_DefineClass(JNIEnv *env, jstring name, jbyteArray data, int offset, int length, jobject loader, jobject pd) {
  {
    // Code lifted from JDK 1.3 ClassLoader.c

    jbyte *body;
    char *utfName;
    jclass result = 0;
    char buf[128];

    if (UsePerfData) {
      ClassLoader::unsafe_defineClassCallCounter()->inc();
    }

    if (data == NULL) {
        throw_new(env, "NullPointerException");
        return 0;
    }

    /* Work around 4153825. malloc crashes on Solaris when passed a
     * negative size.
     */
    if (length < 0) {
        throw_new(env, "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
        return 0;
    }

    body = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jbyte, length);

    if (body == 0) {
        throw_new(env, "OutOfMemoryError");
        return 0;
    }

    env->GetByteArrayRegion(data, offset, length, body);

    if (env->ExceptionOccurred())
        goto free_body;

    if (name != NULL) {
        uint len = env->GetStringUTFLength(name);
        int unicode_len = env->GetStringLength(name);
        if (len >= sizeof(buf)) {
            utfName = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1);
            if (utfName == NULL) {
                throw_new(env, "OutOfMemoryError");
                goto free_body;
            }
        } else {
            utfName = buf;
        }
        env->GetStringUTFRegion(name, 0, unicode_len, utfName);
        //VerifyFixClassname(utfName);
        for (uint i = 0; i < len; i++) {
          if (utfName[i] == '.')   utfName[i] = '/';
        }
    } else {
        utfName = NULL;
    }

    result = JVM_DefineClass(env, utfName, loader, body, length, pd);

    if (utfName && utfName != buf)
        FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, utfName);

 free_body:
    FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jbyte, body);
    return result;
  }
}


UNSAFE_ENTRY(jclass, Unsafe_DefineClass0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jstring name, jbyteArray data, int offset, int length))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_DefineClass");
  {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);

    int depthFromDefineClass0 = 1;
    jclass  caller = JVM_GetCallerClass(env, depthFromDefineClass0);
    jobject loader = (caller == NULL) ? NULL : JVM_GetClassLoader(env, caller);
    jobject pd     = (caller == NULL) ? NULL : JVM_GetProtectionDomain(env, caller);

    return Unsafe_DefineClass(env, name, data, offset, length, loader, pd);
  }
UNSAFE_END


UNSAFE_ENTRY(jclass, Unsafe_DefineClass1(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jstring name, jbyteArray data, int offset, int length, jobject loader, jobject pd))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_DefineClass");
  {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);

    return Unsafe_DefineClass(env, name, data, offset, length, loader, pd);
  }
UNSAFE_END


UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_MonitorEnter(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject jobj))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_MonitorEnter");
  {
    if (jobj == NULL) {
      THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
    }
    Handle obj(thread, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jobj));
    ObjectSynchronizer::jni_enter(obj, CHECK);
  }
UNSAFE_END


UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_TryMonitorEnter(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject jobj))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_TryMonitorEnter");
  {
    if (jobj == NULL) {
      THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), JNI_FALSE);
    }
    Handle obj(thread, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jobj));
    bool res = ObjectSynchronizer::jni_try_enter(obj, CHECK_0);
    return (res ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE);
  }
UNSAFE_END


UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_MonitorExit(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject jobj))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_MonitorExit");
  {
    if (jobj == NULL) {
      THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
    }
    Handle obj(THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jobj));
    ObjectSynchronizer::jni_exit(obj(), CHECK);
  }
UNSAFE_END


UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_ThrowException(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jthrowable thr))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_ThrowException");
  {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
    env->Throw(thr);
  }
UNSAFE_END

// JSR166 ------------------------------------------------------------------

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSwapObject(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject e_h, jobject x_h))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_CompareAndSwapObject");
  oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
  oop e = JNIHandles::resolve(e_h);
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  HeapWord* addr = (HeapWord *)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
  oop res = oopDesc::atomic_compare_exchange_oop(x, addr, e);
  jboolean success  = (res == e);
  if (success)
    update_barrier_set((void*)addr, x);
  return success;
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSwapInt(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint e, jint x))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_CompareAndSwapInt");
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  jint* addr = (jint *) index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
  return (jint)(Atomic::cmpxchg(x, addr, e)) == e;
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSwapLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong e, jlong x))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_CompareAndSwapLong");
  Handle p (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve(obj));
  jlong* addr = (jlong*)(index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p(), offset));
  if (VM_Version::supports_cx8())
    return (jlong)(Atomic::cmpxchg(x, addr, e)) == e;
  else {
    jboolean success = false;
    ObjectLocker ol(p, THREAD);
    if (*addr == e) { *addr = x; success = true; }
    return success;
  }
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Park(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Park");
  JavaThreadParkedState jtps(thread, time != 0);
  thread->parker()->park(isAbsolute != 0, time);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Unpark(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject jthread))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Unpark");
  Parker* p = NULL;
  if (jthread != NULL) {
    oop java_thread = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread);
    if (java_thread != NULL) {
      jlong lp = java_lang_Thread::park_event(java_thread);
      if (lp != 0) {
        // This cast is OK even though the jlong might have been read
        // non-atomically on 32bit systems, since there, one word will
        // always be zero anyway and the value set is always the same
        p = (Parker*)addr_from_java(lp);
      } else {
        // Grab lock if apparently null or using older version of library
        MutexLocker mu(Threads_lock);
        java_thread = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread);
        if (java_thread != NULL) {
          JavaThread* thr = java_lang_Thread::thread(java_thread);
          if (thr != NULL) {
            p = thr->parker();
            if (p != NULL) { // Bind to Java thread for next time.
              java_lang_Thread::set_park_event(java_thread, addr_to_java(p));
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (p != NULL) {
    p->unpark();
  }
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_Loadavg(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jdoubleArray loadavg, jint nelem))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_Loadavg");
  const int max_nelem = 3;
  double la[max_nelem];
  jint ret;

  typeArrayOop a = typeArrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(loadavg));
  assert(a->is_typeArray(), "must be type array");

  if (nelem < 0 || nelem > max_nelem || a->length() < nelem) {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
    throw_new(env, "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
    return -1;
  }

  ret = os::loadavg(la, nelem);
  if (ret == -1) return -1;

  // if successful, ret is the number of samples actually retrieved.
  assert(ret >= 0 && ret <= max_nelem, "Unexpected loadavg return value");
  switch(ret) {
    case 3: a->double_at_put(2, (jdouble)la[2]); // fall through
    case 2: a->double_at_put(1, (jdouble)la[1]); // fall through
    case 1: a->double_at_put(0, (jdouble)la[0]); break;
  }
  return ret;
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PrefetchRead(JNIEnv* env, jclass ignored, jobject obj, jlong offset))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_PrefetchRead");
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  void* addr = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, 0);
  Prefetch::read(addr, (intx)offset);
UNSAFE_END

UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PrefetchWrite(JNIEnv* env, jclass ignored, jobject obj, jlong offset))
  UnsafeWrapper("Unsafe_PrefetchWrite");
  oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
  void* addr = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, 0);
  Prefetch::write(addr, (intx)offset);
UNSAFE_END


/// JVM_RegisterUnsafeMethods

#define ADR "J"

#define LANG "Ljava/lang/"

#define OBJ LANG"Object;"
#define CLS LANG"Class;"
#define CTR LANG"reflect/Constructor;"
#define FLD LANG"reflect/Field;"
#define MTH LANG"reflect/Method;"
#define THR LANG"Throwable;"

#define DC0_Args LANG"String;[BII"
#define DC1_Args DC0_Args LANG"ClassLoader;" "Ljava/security/ProtectionDomain;"

#define CC (char*)  /*cast a literal from (const char*)*/
#define FN_PTR(f) CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, &f)

// define deprecated accessors for compabitility with 1.4.0
#define DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Boolean, Z) \
    {CC"get"#Boolean,      CC"("OBJ"I)"#Z,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Boolean##140)}, \
    {CC"put"#Boolean,      CC"("OBJ"I"#Z")V",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_Set##Boolean##140)}

// Note:  In 1.4.1, getObject and kin take both int and long offsets.
#define DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Boolean, Z) \
    {CC"get"#Boolean,      CC"("OBJ"J)"#Z,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Boolean)}, \
    {CC"put"#Boolean,      CC"("OBJ"J"#Z")V",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_Set##Boolean)}

// Note:  In 1.5.0, there are volatile versions too
#define DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Boolean, Z) \
    {CC"get"#Boolean,      CC"("OBJ"J)"#Z,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Boolean)}, \
    {CC"put"#Boolean,      CC"("OBJ"J"#Z")V",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_Set##Boolean)}, \
    {CC"get"#Boolean"Volatile",      CC"("OBJ"J)"#Z,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Boolean##Volatile)}, \
    {CC"put"#Boolean"Volatile",      CC"("OBJ"J"#Z")V",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_Set##Boolean##Volatile)}


#define DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Byte, B) \
    {CC"get"#Byte,         CC"("ADR")"#B,       FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetNative##Byte)}, \
    {CC"put"#Byte,         CC"("ADR#B")V",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetNative##Byte)}



// %%% These are temporarily supported until the SDK sources
// contain the necessarily updated Unsafe.java.
static JNINativeMethod methods_140[] = {

    {CC"getObject",        CC"("OBJ"I)"OBJ"",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObject140)},
    {CC"putObject",        CC"("OBJ"I"OBJ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetObject140)},

    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Boolean, Z),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_140(Double, D),

    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Double, D),

    {CC"getAddress",         CC"("ADR")"ADR,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetNativeAddress)},
    {CC"putAddress",         CC"("ADR""ADR")V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetNativeAddress)},

    {CC"allocateMemory",     CC"(J)"ADR,                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateMemory)},
    {CC"reallocateMemory",   CC"("ADR"J)"ADR,            FN_PTR(Unsafe_ReallocateMemory)},
//  {CC"setMemory",          CC"("ADR"JB)V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory)},
//  {CC"copyMemory",         CC"("ADR ADR"J)V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory)},
    {CC"freeMemory",         CC"("ADR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_FreeMemory)},

    {CC"fieldOffset",        CC"("FLD")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_FieldOffset)}, //deprecated
    {CC"staticFieldBase",    CC"("CLS")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldBaseFromClass)}, //deprecated
    {CC"ensureClassInitialized",CC"("CLS")V",            FN_PTR(Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized)},
    {CC"arrayBaseOffset",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset)},
    {CC"arrayIndexScale",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale)},
    {CC"addressSize",        CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_AddressSize)},
    {CC"pageSize",           CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_PageSize)},

    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC0_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass0)},
    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC1_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass1)},
    {CC"allocateInstance",   CC"("CLS")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateInstance)},
    {CC"monitorEnter",       CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorEnter)},
    {CC"monitorExit",        CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorExit)},
    {CC"throwException",     CC"("THR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ThrowException)}
};

// These are the old methods prior to the JSR 166 changes in 1.5.0
static JNINativeMethod methods_141[] = {

    {CC"getObject",        CC"("OBJ"J)"OBJ"",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObject)},
    {CC"putObject",        CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetObject)},

    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Boolean, Z),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP_141(Double, D),

    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Double, D),

    {CC"getAddress",         CC"("ADR")"ADR,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetNativeAddress)},
    {CC"putAddress",         CC"("ADR""ADR")V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetNativeAddress)},

    {CC"allocateMemory",     CC"(J)"ADR,                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateMemory)},
    {CC"reallocateMemory",   CC"("ADR"J)"ADR,            FN_PTR(Unsafe_ReallocateMemory)},
//  {CC"setMemory",          CC"("ADR"JB)V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory)},
//  {CC"copyMemory",         CC"("ADR ADR"J)V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory)},
    {CC"freeMemory",         CC"("ADR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_FreeMemory)},

    {CC"objectFieldOffset",  CC"("FLD")J",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset)},
    {CC"staticFieldOffset",  CC"("FLD")J",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset)},
    {CC"staticFieldBase",    CC"("FLD")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldBaseFromField)},
    {CC"ensureClassInitialized",CC"("CLS")V",            FN_PTR(Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized)},
    {CC"arrayBaseOffset",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset)},
    {CC"arrayIndexScale",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale)},
    {CC"addressSize",        CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_AddressSize)},
    {CC"pageSize",           CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_PageSize)},

    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC0_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass0)},
    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC1_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass1)},
    {CC"allocateInstance",   CC"("CLS")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateInstance)},
    {CC"monitorEnter",       CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorEnter)},
    {CC"monitorExit",        CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorExit)},
    {CC"throwException",     CC"("THR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ThrowException)}

};

// These are the old methods prior to the JSR 166 changes in 1.6.0
static JNINativeMethod methods_15[] = {

    {CC"getObject",        CC"("OBJ"J)"OBJ"",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObject)},
    {CC"putObject",        CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetObject)},
    {CC"getObjectVolatile",CC"("OBJ"J)"OBJ"",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObjectVolatile)},
    {CC"putObjectVolatile",CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetObjectVolatile)},


    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Boolean, Z),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Double, D),

    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Double, D),

    {CC"getAddress",         CC"("ADR")"ADR,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetNativeAddress)},
    {CC"putAddress",         CC"("ADR""ADR")V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetNativeAddress)},

    {CC"allocateMemory",     CC"(J)"ADR,                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateMemory)},
    {CC"reallocateMemory",   CC"("ADR"J)"ADR,            FN_PTR(Unsafe_ReallocateMemory)},
//  {CC"setMemory",          CC"("ADR"JB)V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory)},
//  {CC"copyMemory",         CC"("ADR ADR"J)V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory)},
    {CC"freeMemory",         CC"("ADR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_FreeMemory)},

    {CC"objectFieldOffset",  CC"("FLD")J",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset)},
    {CC"staticFieldOffset",  CC"("FLD")J",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset)},
    {CC"staticFieldBase",    CC"("FLD")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldBaseFromField)},
    {CC"ensureClassInitialized",CC"("CLS")V",            FN_PTR(Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized)},
    {CC"arrayBaseOffset",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset)},
    {CC"arrayIndexScale",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale)},
    {CC"addressSize",        CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_AddressSize)},
    {CC"pageSize",           CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_PageSize)},

    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC0_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass0)},
    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC1_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass1)},
    {CC"allocateInstance",   CC"("CLS")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateInstance)},
    {CC"monitorEnter",       CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorEnter)},
    {CC"monitorExit",        CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorExit)},
    {CC"throwException",     CC"("THR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ThrowException)},
    {CC"compareAndSwapObject", CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ""OBJ")Z",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSwapObject)},
    {CC"compareAndSwapInt",  CC"("OBJ"J""I""I"")Z",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSwapInt)},
    {CC"compareAndSwapLong", CC"("OBJ"J""J""J"")Z",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSwapLong)},
    {CC"park",               CC"(ZJ)V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_Park)},
    {CC"unpark",             CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_Unpark)}

};

// These are the correct methods, moving forward:
static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {

    {CC"getObject",        CC"("OBJ"J)"OBJ"",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObject)},
    {CC"putObject",        CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetObject)},
    {CC"getObjectVolatile",CC"("OBJ"J)"OBJ"",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObjectVolatile)},
    {CC"putObjectVolatile",CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetObjectVolatile)},


    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Boolean, Z),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETOOP(Double, D),

    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Byte, B),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Short, S),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Char, C),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Int, I),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Long, J),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Float, F),
    DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE(Double, D),

    {CC"getAddress",         CC"("ADR")"ADR,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetNativeAddress)},
    {CC"putAddress",         CC"("ADR""ADR")V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetNativeAddress)},

    {CC"allocateMemory",     CC"(J)"ADR,                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateMemory)},
    {CC"reallocateMemory",   CC"("ADR"J)"ADR,            FN_PTR(Unsafe_ReallocateMemory)},
//  {CC"setMemory",          CC"("ADR"JB)V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory)},
//  {CC"copyMemory",         CC"("ADR ADR"J)V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory)},
    {CC"freeMemory",         CC"("ADR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_FreeMemory)},

    {CC"objectFieldOffset",  CC"("FLD")J",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset)},
    {CC"staticFieldOffset",  CC"("FLD")J",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset)},
    {CC"staticFieldBase",    CC"("FLD")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldBaseFromField)},
    {CC"ensureClassInitialized",CC"("CLS")V",            FN_PTR(Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized)},
    {CC"arrayBaseOffset",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset)},
    {CC"arrayIndexScale",    CC"("CLS")I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale)},
    {CC"addressSize",        CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_AddressSize)},
    {CC"pageSize",           CC"()I",                    FN_PTR(Unsafe_PageSize)},

    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC0_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass0)},
    {CC"defineClass",        CC"("DC1_Args")"CLS,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass1)},
    {CC"allocateInstance",   CC"("CLS")"OBJ,             FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateInstance)},
    {CC"monitorEnter",       CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorEnter)},
    {CC"monitorExit",        CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_MonitorExit)},
    {CC"tryMonitorEnter",    CC"("OBJ")Z",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_TryMonitorEnter)},
    {CC"throwException",     CC"("THR")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_ThrowException)},
    {CC"compareAndSwapObject", CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ""OBJ")Z",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSwapObject)},
    {CC"compareAndSwapInt",  CC"("OBJ"J""I""I"")Z",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSwapInt)},
    {CC"compareAndSwapLong", CC"("OBJ"J""J""J"")Z",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSwapLong)},
    {CC"putOrderedObject",   CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ")V",         FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetOrderedObject)},
    {CC"putOrderedInt",      CC"("OBJ"JI)V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetOrderedInt)},
    {CC"putOrderedLong",     CC"("OBJ"JJ)V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetOrderedLong)},
    {CC"park",               CC"(ZJ)V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_Park)},
    {CC"unpark",             CC"("OBJ")V",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_Unpark)}

//    {CC"getLoadAverage",     CC"([DI)I",                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_Loadavg)},

//    {CC"prefetchRead",       CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchRead)},
//    {CC"prefetchWrite",      CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchWrite)}
//    {CC"prefetchReadStatic", CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchRead)},
//    {CC"prefetchWriteStatic",CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchWrite)}

};

JNINativeMethod loadavg_method[] = {
    {CC"getLoadAverage",            CC"([DI)I",                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_Loadavg)}
};

JNINativeMethod prefetch_methods[] = {
    {CC"prefetchRead",       CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchRead)},
    {CC"prefetchWrite",      CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchWrite)},
    {CC"prefetchReadStatic", CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchRead)},
    {CC"prefetchWriteStatic",CC"("OBJ"J)V",              FN_PTR(Unsafe_PrefetchWrite)}
};

JNINativeMethod memcopy_methods[] = {
    {CC"copyMemory",         CC"("OBJ"J"OBJ"JJ)V",       FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory2)},
    {CC"setMemory",          CC"("OBJ"JJB)V",            FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory2)}
};

JNINativeMethod memcopy_methods_15[] = {
    {CC"setMemory",          CC"("ADR"JB)V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory)},
    {CC"copyMemory",         CC"("ADR ADR"J)V",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory)}
};


#undef CC
#undef FN_PTR

#undef ADR
#undef LANG
#undef OBJ
#undef CLS
#undef CTR
#undef FLD
#undef MTH
#undef THR
#undef DC0_Args
#undef DC1_Args

#undef DECLARE_GETSETOOP
#undef DECLARE_GETSETNATIVE


// This one function is exported, used by NativeLookup.
// The Unsafe_xxx functions above are called only from the interpreter.
// The optimizer looks at names and signatures to recognize
// individual functions.

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_RegisterUnsafeMethods(JNIEnv *env, jclass unsafecls))
  UnsafeWrapper("JVM_RegisterUnsafeMethods");
  {
    ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
    {
      env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, loadavg_method, sizeof(loadavg_method)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
      if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
        if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
          tty->print_cr("Warning:  SDK 1.6 Unsafe.loadavg not found.");
        }
        env->ExceptionClear();
      }
    }
    {
      env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, prefetch_methods, sizeof(prefetch_methods)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
      if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
        if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
          tty->print_cr("Warning:  SDK 1.6 Unsafe.prefetchRead/Write not found.");
        }
        env->ExceptionClear();
      }
    }
    {
      env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, memcopy_methods, sizeof(memcopy_methods)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
      if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
        if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
          tty->print_cr("Warning:  SDK 1.7 Unsafe.copyMemory not found.");
        }
        env->ExceptionClear();
        env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, memcopy_methods_15, sizeof(memcopy_methods_15)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
        if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
          if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
            tty->print_cr("Warning:  SDK 1.5 Unsafe.copyMemory not found.");
          }
          env->ExceptionClear();
        }
      }
    }
    int status = env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
    if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
      if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
        tty->print_cr("Warning:  SDK 1.6 version of Unsafe not found.");
      }
      env->ExceptionClear();
      // %%% For now, be backward compatible with an older class:
      status = env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, methods_15, sizeof(methods_15)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
    }
    if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
      if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
        tty->print_cr("Warning:  SDK 1.5 version of Unsafe not found.");
      }
      env->ExceptionClear();
      // %%% For now, be backward compatible with an older class:
      status = env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, methods_141, sizeof(methods_141)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
    }
    if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
      if (PrintMiscellaneous && (Verbose || WizardMode)) {
        tty->print_cr("Warning:  SDK 1.4.1 version of Unsafe not found.");
      }
      env->ExceptionClear();
      // %%% For now, be backward compatible with an older class:
      status = env->RegisterNatives(unsafecls, methods_140, sizeof(methods_140)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
    }
    guarantee(status == 0, "register unsafe natives");
  }
JVM_END