africa revision 1.72
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.72 2022/11/30 17:59:46 millert Exp $ 2# tzdb data for Africa and environs 3 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 9# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 10# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 11 12# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 13# 14# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 15# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 16# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 17# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 18# 19# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 20# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 21# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 22# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 23# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 24# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 25# 26# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 27# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 28# I found in the UCLA library. 29# 30# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 31# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 32# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 33# 34# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 35# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 38# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 43# 44# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 45# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 46# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 47# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 48# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 49# +01 WAT West Africa Time 50# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 51# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 52# cannot now come up with solid citations. 53# 54# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 55# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 56# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 57# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 58# +03 EAT East Africa Time 59# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 60# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 61# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 62# Corrections are welcome. 63 64# Algeria 65# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 67Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 68Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 88# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 89# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 90Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 91 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 92 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 93 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 94 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 95 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 96 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 97 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 99 1:00 - CET 100 101# Angola 102# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 103Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 104 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT? 105 1:00 - WAT 106 107# Benin 108# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 109Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 110 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 111 1:00 - WAT 112 113# Botswana 114# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 115Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 116 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 117 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 118 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 119 2:00 - CAT 120 121# Burkina Faso 122# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 123Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 124 0:00 - GMT 125 126# Burundi 127# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 129 2:00 - CAT 130 131# Cameroon 132# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 134 1:00 - WAT 135 136# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 137# 138# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 139# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 140# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 141# (see Europe/Lisbon). 142# 143# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 145 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 146 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 147 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 148 -1:00 - -01 149 150# Central African Republic 151# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 153 1:00 - WAT 154 155# Chad 156# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 158 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 159 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 160 1:00 - WAT 161 162# Comoros 163# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 165 3:00 - EAT 166 167# Democratic Republic of the Congo 168# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 169Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 170 1:00 - WAT 171 172# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 174 1:00 - WAT 1920 Apr 25 175 2:00 - CAT 176 177# Republic of the Congo 178# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 180 1:00 - WAT 181 182# C��te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 183 184# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 185# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 186# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 187# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 188# on GMT, says the CIA 189# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 190 191# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 192Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 193 0:00 - GMT 194 195# Djibouti 196# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 198 3:00 - EAT 199 200 201############################################################################### 202 203# Egypt 204 205# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 206# observatory. Milne also says that the official time for 207# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 208# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 209 210# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 211Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 213Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 214Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 215Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 216Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 217Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 218Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 220Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 221Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 223Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 224Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 225Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 226Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 227Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 228Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 229Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 230# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 231# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 232 233# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 234# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 235# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 236# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 237# 238# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 239# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 240# or 241# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 242Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 243Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 244# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 245# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 246# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 247# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 248# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 249Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 250# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 251# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 252# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 253# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 254# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 255# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 256# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 257# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 258Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 259# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 260# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 261# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 262# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 263# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 264# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 265# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 266# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 267# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 268 269# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 270# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 271# 272# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 273# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 274# Apr 23 275# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 276# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 277# Apr 24 278# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 279# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 280# Aug 27 281# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 282# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 283# Aug 27 284# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 285# 286# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 287# :59) 288# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 289# 290# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 291# 292# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 293# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 294# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 295 296# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 297# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 298# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 299# in September. 300 301# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 302# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 303# Information and Decision Support Center: 304# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 305# 306# The Middle East News Agency 307# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 308# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 309# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 310# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 311# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 312# (at least today). 313 314# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 315# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 316# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 317# Ramadan. 318# 319# Arabic translation: 320# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 321# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 322# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 323 324# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 325# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 326# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 327 328# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 329# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 330 331# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 332# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 333# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 334# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 335# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 336# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 337# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 338# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 339# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 340# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 341# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 342# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 343 344# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 345# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 346# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 347# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 348# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 349# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 350 351# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 352# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 353# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 354# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 355# dates not yet announced.... 356# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 357# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 358 359# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 360# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 361# least for 2015. 362# 363# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 364# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 365# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 366# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 367# practice altogether in future years." 368# 369# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 370# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 371# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 372# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 373 374# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 375# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 376# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 377# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 378# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 379 380Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 381Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 382Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 383Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 384Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 385Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 386Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 387Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 388Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 389 390# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391 #STDOFF 2:05:08.9 392Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 393 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 394 395# Equatorial Guinea 396# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 398 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 399 1:00 - WAT 400 401# Eritrea 402# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 404 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 405 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 406 3:00 - EAT 407 408# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 409# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 411 2:00 - SAST 412 413# Ethiopia 414# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 415Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 416 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 417 3:00 - EAT 418 419# Gabon 420# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 422 1:00 - WAT 423 424# The Gambia 425# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 426Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 427 -1:06:36 - BMT 1933 Apr 1 # Banjul Mean Time 428 -1:00 - -01 1942 Feb 1 0:00 429 0:00 - GMT 430 431# Ghana 432# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 433Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 434Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 435Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 436Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 437Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 438Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 439 440# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 442 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 443 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 444 0:00 Ghana %s 445 446# Guinea 447# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 448Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 449 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 450 -1:00 - -01 1960 451 0:00 - GMT 452 453# Guinea-Bissau 454# 455# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 456# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 457# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 458# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 459# 460# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 462 -1:00 - -01 1975 463 0:00 - GMT 464 465# Kenya 466 467# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 468# 469# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 470# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 471# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 472# 473# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 474# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 475# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 476# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Official Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 477# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 478# 479# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 480# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 481# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 482# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 483# 484# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 485# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 486# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 487# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 488# 489# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 490# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 491# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 492# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 493# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 494# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 495# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 496# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 497# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 498# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 499# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 500# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 501# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 502# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 503 504# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 505# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 506# so just say "1908 May". 507 508# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-11): 509# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 510# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 511# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 512# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 513# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 514# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 515 516# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 518 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 519 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 520 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 521 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 522 3:00 - EAT 523 524# Lesotho 525# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 526Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 527 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 528 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 529 2:00 - SAST 530 531# Liberia 532# 533# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 534# 535# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 536# 537# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 538# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 539# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 540# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 541# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 542# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 543# 544# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 545# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 546# 547# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 548Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 549 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 550 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 551 0:00 - GMT 552 553############################################################################### 554 555# Libya 556 557# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 558# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 559# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 560# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 561# 562# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 563# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 564# 565# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 566# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 567# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 568# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 569# lastFri instead of lastSun). 570 571# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 572# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 573# cancelled yesterday.... 574# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 575# 576# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 577# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 578 579# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 580Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 581Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 582Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 583Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 584Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 585Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 586Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 587Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 588Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 589Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 590Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 591Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 592Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 593Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 594Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 595Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 596Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 597# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 598Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 599 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 600 2:00 - EET 1982 601 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 602# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 603# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 604 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 605 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 606 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 607 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 608 2:00 - EET 609 610# Madagascar 611# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 612Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 613 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 614 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 615 3:00 - EAT 616 617# Malawi 618# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 619Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1911 Jul 24 620 2:21:10 - ZMT 1914 Jun 30 # Zomba Mean Time 621 2:21 - ZMT 1925 Jul 1 622 2:00 - CAT 623 624# Mali 625# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 626Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 627 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 628 -1:00 - -01 1960 Jun 20 629 0:00 - GMT 630#PACKRATLIST zone.tab Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu 631 632# Mauritania 633# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 634Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 635 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 636 -1:00 - -01 1960 Nov 28 637 0:00 - GMT 638 639# Mauritius 640 641# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 642# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 643# basis.... 644# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 645# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 646# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 647 648# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 649# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 650 651# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 652# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 653# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 654# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 655 656# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 657# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 658 659# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 660# According to 661# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 662# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 663# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 664# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 665# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 666# 667# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 668# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 669# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 670# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 671# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 672# changes two days later. 673 674# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 675# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 676# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 677# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 678# 679# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 680# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 681# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 682# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 683 684# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 685# The Government of Mauritius weblink 686# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 687# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 688# 689# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 690# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 691# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 692# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 693# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 694# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 695# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 696# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 697# and end on 29 March 2009. 698 699# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 700# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 701# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 702# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 703# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 704 705# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 706# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 707# DST the coming summer... 708# 709# Some sources, in French: 710# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 711# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 712# 713# Our wrap-up: 714# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 715 716# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 717# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 718# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 719# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 720 721# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 722Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 723Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 724Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 725Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 726# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 727Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 728 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 729# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 730# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 731 732 733# Morocco 734# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 735 736# Mayotte 737# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 738Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 739 3:00 - EAT 740 741# Morocco 742 743# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 744# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 745# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 746# 747# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 748# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 749# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 750# 751# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 752# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 753 754# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 755# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 756# Presse: 757# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 758# 759# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 760# spokesman. 761 762# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 763# According to this article: 764# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 765# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 766# the changes occur at midnight: 767# 768# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 769# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 770# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 771# 772# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 773# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 774# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 775# June 1st to Sept 27th. 776# 777# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 778# published on the web. 779# 780# It's also confirmed here: 781# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 782# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 783# posted in English). 784# 785# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 786# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 787 788# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 789# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 790# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 791# of September: 792# 793# One article about it (in French): 794# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 795# 796# We have some further details posted here: 797# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 798 799# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 800# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 801# to many sources, such as 802# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 803# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 804# (French) 805# 806# Our summary: 807# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 808 809# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 810# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 811# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 812# 813# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 814# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 815# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 816# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 817# 818# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 819# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 820 821# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 822# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 823# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 824# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 825# 826# Example: 827# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 828# (French) 829# Our page: 830# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 831 832# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 833# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 834# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 835# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 836# ...Official links of change in morocco 837# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 838# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 839# +212.537.71.84.00 840# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 841# They said that 842# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 843# is the official publication to look at. 844# They said that the decision was already taken. 845# 846# More articles in the press 847# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 848# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 849# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 850 851# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 852# They have it written in English here: 853# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 854# 855# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 856# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 857# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 858# also been like that in the past. 859 860# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 861# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 862# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 863# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 864# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 865# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 866# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 867# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 868# except the month of Ramadan. 869# or (brief) 870# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 871 872# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 873# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 874# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 875# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 876# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 877# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 878 879# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 880# Seen Morocco change again: 881# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 882# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 883# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 884 885# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 886# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 887# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 888# 889# Google translation, lightly edited: 890# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 891# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 892# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 893# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 894# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 895# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 896# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 897# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 898# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 899 900# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 901# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 902# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 903# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 904# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 905# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 906 907# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 908# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 909# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 910# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 911 912# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 913# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 914# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 915# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 916# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 917# source (French): 918# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 919# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 920# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 921 922# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 923# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 924 925# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 926# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 927# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 928# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 929# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 930 931# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 932# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 933# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 934# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 935# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 936# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 937# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 938# Source (french): 939# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 940# 941# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 942# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 943# 944# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 945# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 946# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 947# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 948# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 949# with the patch. 950 951# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 952# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 953# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 954# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 955# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 956# 957# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 958# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 959# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 960# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 961# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 962# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 963# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 964 965# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 966# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 967# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 968# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 969 970# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 971# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 972# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 973# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 974# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 975# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 976# 977# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 978# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 979# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 980# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 981# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 982# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 983# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 984# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 985# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 986# shift will be the next weekend. 987# 988# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 989# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 990# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 991# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 992# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 993# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 994# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 995# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 996# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 997# (require 'cal-islam) 998# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 999# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 1000# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 1001# (sunday 0)) 1002# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 1003# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 1004# (setq b (1+ b))) 1005# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 1006# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 1007# (insert 1008# (format 1009# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 1010# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 1011# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 1012# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 1013# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1014# 1015# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions: 1016# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076 1017# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/ 1018 1019# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1020Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1021Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1022Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1023Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1024Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1025Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1026Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1027Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1028Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1029Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1030Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1031Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1032Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1033Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1034Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1035Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1036Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1037Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1038Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1039Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1040Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1041Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1042Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1043Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1044Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1045Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1046Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1048Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1049Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1050Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1051Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1052Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1053Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1054Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1055Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1056Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1057Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1058Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1059Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1060Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1061Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1062Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1063Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1064Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1065Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1066Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1067Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1068Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1069Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1070Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 1071Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1072Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1073Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1074Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1075Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1076Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1077Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1078Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1079Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1080Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1081Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1082Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1083Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1084Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1085Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1086Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 1087Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1088Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1089Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1090Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1091Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1092Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1093Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1094Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1095Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1096Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1097Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1098Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1099Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1100Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1101Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1102Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 1103Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1104Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1105Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1106Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1107Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1108Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1109Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1110Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1111Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1112Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1113Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1114Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1115Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1116Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1117Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1118Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1119Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1120Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1121Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1122Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1123Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1124Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1125Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1126Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1127Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1128Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1129Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1130Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1131Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1132Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1133Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1134Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1135Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1136Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1137Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1138Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1139Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1140Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1141Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1142Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1143Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1144Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1145Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1146Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1147Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1148Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1149Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1150Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1151Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1152Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1153Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1154Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1155Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1156Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1157Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1158Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1159Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1160Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1161Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1162Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1163Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1164Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1165Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1166Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1167Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1168Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1169Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1170Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1171Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1172Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1173Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1174Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1175Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1176Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1177Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1178Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1179Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1180Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1181Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1182Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1183Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1184Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1185Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1186Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1187Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1188Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1189Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1190Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1191Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1192Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1193Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1194Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1195Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1196Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1197Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1198Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1199Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1200Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1201Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1202Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1203# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1204# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1205# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1206# rules first. 1207 1208# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1209Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1210 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1211 1:00 - +01 1986 1212 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1213 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1214 1215# Western Sahara 1216# 1217# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1218# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1219# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1220# Morocco does. 1221# 1222# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1223# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1224# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1225 1226Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 1227 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1228 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1229 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1230 1231# Mozambique 1232# 1233# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1234# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1235# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1236# merely made it official? 1237# 1238# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1239Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1240 2:00 - CAT 1241 1242# Namibia 1243 1244# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1245# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1246# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1247# and includes this nugget: 1248# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1249# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1250# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1251# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1252 1253# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1254# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1255# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1256 1257# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1258# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1259# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1260# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1261# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1262# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1263# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1264# of the country. 1265# 1266# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1267# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1268# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1269# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1270# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1271# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1272 1273# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1274# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1275# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1276# This video is from the government decision: 1277# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1278# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1279# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1280# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1281 1282# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1283# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1284# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1285# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1286# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1287# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1288# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1289# with Namibia's neighbors. 1290 1291# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1292# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1293Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1294Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1295Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1296# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1297#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1298#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1299#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1300# End of rearguard section. 1301 1302# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1303Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1304 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1305 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1306 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1307 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1308# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1309 2:00 Namibia %s 1310# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1311# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1312# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1313# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1314# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1315# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1316# 2:00 - CAT 1317# End of rearguard section. 1318 1319# Niger 1320# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1321Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1322 -1:00 - -01 1934 Feb 26 1323 0:00 - GMT 1960 1324 1:00 - WAT 1325 1326# Nigeria 1327 1328# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1329# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1330# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1331# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1332# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1333# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1334# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1335# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1336# 1337# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1338# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1339# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1340# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1341# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1342# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1343# 1344# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1345# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1346# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1347# p 27 1348# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1349# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1350# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1351# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1352# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1353# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1354# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1355# accordingly." 1356# 1357# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1358# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1359# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1360# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1361# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1362# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1363# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1364# 1919, s. 2.)" 1365# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1366# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1367# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1368# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1369# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1370# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1371# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1372# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1373# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1374# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1375# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1376# to compensate. 1377# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1378# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1379# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1380# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1381# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1382# img 245-246 1383# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1384 1385# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1386Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1387 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1388 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1389 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1390 1:00 - WAT 1391 1392# R��union 1393# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1394Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1395 4:00 - +04 1396# 1397# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1398# The following information about them is taken from 1399# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1400# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1401# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1402# 1403# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1404# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1405# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1406# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1407# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1408 1409# Rwanda 1410# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1411Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1412 2:00 - CAT 1413 1414# St Helena 1415# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1416Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1417 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1418 0:00 - GMT 1419 1420# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1421 1422# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1423 1424# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1425# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1426# they entered the year 2018. 1427# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1428# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1429# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1430 1431# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1432# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1433# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1434# 1435# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1436# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1437# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1438# coordinated time, will be reinstituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1439 1440Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1441 #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 1442 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1443 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1444 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1445 0:00 - GMT 1446 1447# Senegal 1448# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1449Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1450 -1:00 - -01 1941 Jun 1451 0:00 - GMT 1452 1453# Seychelles 1454# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1455Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1456 4:00 - +04 1457# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1458# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1459# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1460# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1461# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1462# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1463 1464# Sierra Leone 1465# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1466Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 1467Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 1468Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 1469Rule SL 1939 only - May 31 24:00 0 -01 1470 1471# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1472Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1473 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jul 1 # Freetown MT 1474 -1:00 SL %s 1939 Sep 5 1475 -1:00 - -01 1941 Dec 6 24:00 1476 0:00 - GMT 1477 1478# Somalia 1479# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1480Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1481 3:00 - EAT 1931 1482 2:30 - +0230 1957 1483 3:00 - EAT 1484 1485# South Africa 1486# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1487Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1488Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1489# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1490Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1491 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1492 2:00 SA SAST 1493# 1494# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1495# scientific station since 1947 1496# no information 1497 1498# Sudan 1499 1500# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1501# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1502# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1503# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1504# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1505# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1506 1507# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1508# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1509# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1510# 1511# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1512# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1513# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1514# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1515# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1516 1517# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1518Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1519Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1520Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1521Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1522# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1523Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1524 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1525 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1526 2:00 - CAT 1527 1528# South Sudan 1529 1530# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1531# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1532# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1533# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1534 1535# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1536Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1537 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1538 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1539 2:00 - CAT 1540 1541# Tanzania 1542# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1543Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1544 3:00 - EAT 1948 1545 2:45 - +0245 1961 1546 3:00 - EAT 1547 1548# Togo 1549# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1550Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1551 0:00 - GMT 1552 1553# Tunisia 1554 1555# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1556# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1557# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1558# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1559# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1560# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1561# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1562# Saturday." (My translation) 1563# 1564# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1565# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1566# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1567# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1568# 1h standard time. 1569# 1570# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1571# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1572# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1573# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1574# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1575 1576# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1577# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1578# (Arabic) 1579# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1580# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1581# 1582# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1583# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1584# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1585 1586# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1587# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1588# 1589# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1590# 1591# (in English) 1592# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1593# 1594# (in Arabic) 1595# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1596 1597# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1598# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1599# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1600# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1601# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1602# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1603 1604# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1605# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1606# 1607# (translation): 1608# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1609# Sunday... 1610# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1611# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1612# 1613# (in Arabic) 1614# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1615# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1616# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1617 1618# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1619Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1620Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1621Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1622Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1623Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1624Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1625Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1626Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1627Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1628Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1629Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1630Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1631Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1632Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1633Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1634Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1635Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1636Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1637Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1638Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1639Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1640Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1641Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1642Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1643Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1644 1645# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1646# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1647Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1648 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1649 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1650 1651# Uganda 1652# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1653Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1654 3:00 - EAT 1930 1655 2:30 - +0230 1948 1656 2:45 - +0245 1957 1657 3:00 - EAT 1658 1659# Zambia 1660# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1661Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1662 2:00 - CAT 1663 1664# Zimbabwe 1665# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1666Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1667 2:00 - CAT 1668 1669