africa revision 1.66
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.66 2021/10/22 14:40:49 millert Exp $ 2# tzdb data for Africa and environs 3 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 9# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 10# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 11 12# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 13# 14# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 15# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 16# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 17# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 18# 19# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 20# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 21# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 22# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 23# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 24# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 25# 26# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 27# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 28# I found in the UCLA library. 29# 30# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 31# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 32# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 33# 34# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 35# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 38# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 43# 44# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 45# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 46# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 47# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 48# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 49# +01 WAT West Africa Time 50# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 51# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 52# cannot now come up with solid citations. 53# 54# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 55# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 56# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 57# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 58# +03 EAT East Africa Time 59# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 60# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 61# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 62# Corrections are welcome. 63 64# Algeria 65# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 67Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 68Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 88# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 89# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 90Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 91 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 92 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 93 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 94 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 95 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 96 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 97 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 99 1:00 - CET 100 101# Angola 102# Benin 103# See Africa/Lagos. 104 105# Botswana 106# See Africa/Maputo. 107 108# Burkina Faso 109# See Africa/Abidjan. 110 111# Burundi 112# See Africa/Maputo. 113 114# Cameroon 115# See Africa/Lagos. 116 117# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 118# 119# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 120# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 121# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 122# (see Europe/Lisbon). 123# 124# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 125Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 126 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 127 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 128 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 129 -1:00 - -01 130 131# Central African Republic 132# See Africa/Lagos. 133 134# Chad 135# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 137 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 138 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 139 1:00 - WAT 140 141# Comoros 142# See Africa/Nairobi. 143 144# Democratic Republic of the Congo 145# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 146 147# Republic of the Congo 148# See Africa/Lagos. 149 150# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 151# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 153 0:00 - GMT 154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Accra # Ghana 155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # The Gambia 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 163Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 164 165# Djibouti 166# See Africa/Nairobi. 167 168############################################################################### 169 170# Egypt 171 172# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 173# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 174# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 175# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 176 177# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 178Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 179Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 180Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 181Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 182Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 183Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 184Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 185Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 186Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 187Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 188Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 190Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 191Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 192Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 197# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 198# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 199 200# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 201# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 202# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 203# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 204# 205# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 206# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 207# or 208# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 209Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 211# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 212# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 213# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 214# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 215# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 216Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 217# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 218# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 219# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 220# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 221# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 222# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 223# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 224# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 225Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 226# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 227# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 228# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 229# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 230# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 231# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 232# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 233# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 234# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 235 236# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 237# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 238# 239# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 240# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 241# Apr 23 242# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 243# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 244# Apr 24 245# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 246# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 247# Aug 27 248# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 249# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 250# Aug 27 251# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 252# 253# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 254# :59) 255# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 256# 257# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 258# 259# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 260# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 261# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 262 263# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 264# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 265# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 266# in September. 267 268# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 269# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 270# Information and Decision Support Center: 271# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 272# 273# The Middle East News Agency 274# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 275# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 276# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 277# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 278# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 279# (at least today). 280 281# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 282# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 283# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 284# Ramadan. 285# 286# Arabic translation: 287# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 288# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 289# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 290 291# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 292# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 293# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 294 295# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 296# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 297 298# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 299# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 300# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 301# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 302# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 303# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 304# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 305# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 306# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 307# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 308# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 309# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 310 311# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 312# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 313# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 314# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 315# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 316# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 317 318# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 319# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 320# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 321# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 322# dates not yet announced.... 323# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 324# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 325 326# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 327# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 328# least for 2015. 329# 330# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 331# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 332# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 333# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 334# practice altogether in future years." 335# 336# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 337# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 338# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 339# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 340 341# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 342# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 343# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 344# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 345# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 346 347Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 348Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 349Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 350Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 351Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 352Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 353Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 354Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 355Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 356 357# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 359 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 360 361# Equatorial Guinea 362# See Africa/Lagos. 363 364# Eritrea 365# See Africa/Nairobi. 366 367# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 368# See Africa/Johannesburg. 369 370# Ethiopia 371# See Africa/Nairobi. 372# 373# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 374# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 375# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 376# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 377# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 378# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 379 380# Gabon 381# See Africa/Lagos. 382 383# The Gambia 384# Ghana 385# Guinea 386# See Africa/Abidjan. 387 388# Guinea-Bissau 389# 390# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 391# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 392# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 393# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 394# 395# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 397 -1:00 - -01 1975 398 0:00 - GMT 399 400# Kenya 401 402# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 403# 404# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 405# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 406# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 407# 408# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 409# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 410# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 411# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Offical Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 412# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 413# 414# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 415# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 416# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 417# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 418# 419# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 420# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 421# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 422# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 423# 424# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 425# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 426# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 427# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 428# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 429# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 430# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 431# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 432# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 433# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 434# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 435# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 436# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 437# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 438 439# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 440# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 441# so just say "1908 May". 442 443# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 445 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 446 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 447 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 448 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 449 3:00 - EAT 450Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 451Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 452Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 453Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 454Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 455Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 456Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 457Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 458Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 459 460# Lesotho 461# See Africa/Johannesburg. 462 463# Liberia 464# 465# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 466# 467# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 468# 469# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 470# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 471# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 472# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 473# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 474# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 475# 476# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 477# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 478# 479# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 481 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 482 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 483 0:00 - GMT 484 485############################################################################### 486 487# Libya 488 489# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 490# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 491# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 492# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 493# 494# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 495# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 496# 497# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 498# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 499# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 500# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 501# lastFri instead of lastSun). 502 503# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 504# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 505# cancelled yesterday.... 506# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 507# 508# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 509# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 510 511# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 512Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 513Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 514Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 515Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 516Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 517Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 518Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 519Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 520Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 521Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 522Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 523Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 524Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 525Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 526Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 527Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 528Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 529# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 530Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 531 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 532 2:00 - EET 1982 533 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 534# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 535# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 536 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 537 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 538 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 539 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 540 2:00 - EET 541 542# Madagascar 543# See Africa/Nairobi. 544 545# Malawi 546# See Africa/Maputo. 547 548# Mali 549# Mauritania 550# See Africa/Abidjan. 551 552# Mauritius 553 554# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 555# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 556# basis.... 557# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 558# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 559# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 560 561# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 562# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 563 564# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 565# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 566# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 567# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 568 569# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 570# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 571 572# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 573# According to 574# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 575# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 576# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 577# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 578# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 579# 580# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 581# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 582# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 583# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 584# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 585# changes two days later. 586 587# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 588# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 589# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 590# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 591# 592# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 593# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 594# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 595# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 596 597# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 598# The Government of Mauritius weblink 599# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 600# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 601# 602# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 603# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 604# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 605# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 606# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 607# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 608# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 609# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 610# and end on 29 March 2009. 611 612# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 613# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 614# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 615# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 616# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 617 618# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 619# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 620# DST the coming summer... 621# 622# Some sources, in French: 623# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 624# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 625# 626# Our wrap-up: 627# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 628 629# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 630# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 631# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 632# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 633 634# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 635Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 636Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 637Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 638Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 639# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 640Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 641 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 642# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 643# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 644 645# Mayotte 646# See Africa/Nairobi. 647 648# Morocco 649# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco. 650 651# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 652# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 653# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 654# 655# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 656# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 657# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 658# 659# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 660# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 661 662# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 663# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 664# Presse: 665# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 666# 667# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 668# spokesman. 669 670# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 671# According to this article: 672# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 673# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 674# the changes occur at midnight: 675# 676# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 677# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 678# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 679# 680# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 681# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 682# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 683# June 1st to Sept 27th. 684# 685# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 686# published on the web. 687# 688# It's also confirmed here: 689# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 690# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 691# posted in English). 692# 693# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 694# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 695 696# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 697# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 698# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 699# of September: 700# 701# One article about it (in French): 702# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 703# 704# We have some further details posted here: 705# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 706 707# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 708# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 709# to many sources, such as 710# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 711# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 712# (French) 713# 714# Our summary: 715# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 716 717# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 718# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 719# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 720# 721# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 722# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 723# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 724# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 725# 726# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 727# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 728 729# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 730# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 731# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 732# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 733# 734# Example: 735# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 736# (French) 737# Our page: 738# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 739 740# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 741# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 742# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 743# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 744# ...Official links of change in morocco 745# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 746# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 747# +212.537.71.84.00 748# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 749# They said that 750# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 751# is the official publication to look at. 752# They said that the decision was already taken. 753# 754# More articles in the press 755# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 756# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 757# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 758 759# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 760# They have it written in English here: 761# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 762# 763# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 764# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 765# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 766# also been like that in the past. 767 768# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 769# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 770# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 771# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 772# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 773# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 774# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 775# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 776# except the month of Ramadan. 777# or (brief) 778# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 779 780# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 781# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 782# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 783# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 784# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 785# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 786 787# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 788# Seen Morocco change again: 789# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 790# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 791# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 792 793# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 794# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 795# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 796# 797# Google translation, lightly edited: 798# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 799# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 800# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 801# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 802# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 803# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 804# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 805# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 806# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 807 808# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 809# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 810# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 811# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 812# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 813# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 814 815# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 816# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 817# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 818# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 819 820# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 821# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 822# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 823# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 824# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 825# source (French): 826# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 827# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 828# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 829 830# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 831# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 832 833# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 834# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 835# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 836# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 837# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 838 839# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 840# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 841# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 842# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 843# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 844# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 845# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 846# Source (french): 847# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 848# 849# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 850# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 851# 852# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 853# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 854# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 855# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 856# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 857# with the patch. 858 859# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 860# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 861# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 862# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 863# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 864# 865# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 866# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 867# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 868# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 869# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 870# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 871# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 872 873# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 874# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 875# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 876# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 877 878# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 879# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 880# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 881# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 882# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 883# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 884# 885# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 886# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 887# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 888# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 889# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 890# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 891# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 892# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 893# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 894# shift will be the next weekend. 895# 896# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 897# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 898# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 899# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 900# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 901# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 902# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 903# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 904# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 905# (require 'cal-islam) 906# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 907# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 908# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 909# (sunday 0)) 910# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 911# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 912# (setq b (1+ b))) 913# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 914# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 915# (insert 916# (format 917# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 918# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 919# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 920# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 921# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 922 923# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 924Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 925Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 926Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 927Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 928Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 929Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 930Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 931Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 932Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 933Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 934Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 935Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 936Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 937Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 938Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 939Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 940Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 941Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 942Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 943Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 944Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 945Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 946Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 947Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 948Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 949Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 950Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 951Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 952Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 953Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 954Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 955Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 956Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 957Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 958Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 959Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 960Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 961Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 962Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 963Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 964Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 965Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 966Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 967Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 968Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 969Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 970Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 971Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 972Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 973Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 974Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 975Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 976Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 977Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 978Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 979Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 980Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 981Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 982Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 983Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 984Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 985Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 986Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 987Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 988Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 989Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 990Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 991Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 992Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 993Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 994Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 995Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 996Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 997Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 998Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 999Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1000Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1001Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1002Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1003Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1004Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1005Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1006Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 1007Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1008Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1009Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1010Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1011Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1012Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1013Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1014Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1015Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1016Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1017Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1018Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1019Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1024Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1025Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1026Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1027Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1028Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1029Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1030Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1031Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1032Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1033Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1034Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1035Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1036Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1037Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1038Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1039Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1040Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1041Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1042Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1043Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1044Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1045Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1046Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1051Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1052Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1053Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1054Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1055Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1056Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1057Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1058Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1059Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1060Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1061Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1062Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1063Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1064Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1065Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1066Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1067Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1068Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1069Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1070Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1071Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1072Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1073Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1074Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1075Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1076Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1077Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1078Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1079Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1080Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1081Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1082Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1083Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1084Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1085Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1086Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1087Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1088Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1089Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1090Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1091Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1092Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1093Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1094Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1095Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1096Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1097Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1098Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1099Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1100Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1101Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1102Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1103Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1104Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1105Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1106Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1107# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1108# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1109# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1110# rules first. 1111 1112# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1113Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1114 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1115 1:00 - +01 1986 1116 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1117 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1118 1119# Western Sahara 1120# 1121# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1122# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1123# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1124# Morocco does. 1125# 1126# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1127# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1128# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1129 1130Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 1131 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1132 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1133 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1134 1135# Mozambique 1136# 1137# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1138# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1139# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1140# merely made it official? 1141# 1142# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1143Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1144 2:00 - CAT 1145Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 1146Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 1147Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 1148Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 1149Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 1150Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 1151Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 1152 1153 1154# Namibia 1155 1156# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1157# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1158# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1159# and includes this nugget: 1160# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1161# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1162# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1163# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1164 1165# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1166# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1167# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1168 1169# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1170# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1171# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1172# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1173# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1174# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1175# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1176# of the country. 1177# 1178# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1179# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1180# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1181# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1182# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1183# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1184 1185# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1186# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1187# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1188# This video is from the government decision: 1189# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1190# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1191# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1192# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1193 1194# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1195# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1196# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1197# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1198# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1199# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1200# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1201# with Namibia's neighbors. 1202 1203# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1204# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1205Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1206Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1207Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1208# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1209#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1210#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1211#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1212# End of rearguard section. 1213 1214# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1215Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1216 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1217 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1218 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1219 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1220# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1221 2:00 Namibia %s 1222# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1223# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1224# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1225# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1226# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1227# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1228# 2:00 - CAT 1229# End of rearguard section. 1230 1231# Niger 1232# See Africa/Lagos. 1233 1234# Nigeria 1235 1236# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1237# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1238# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1239# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1240# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1241# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1242# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1243# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1244# 1245# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1246# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1247# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1248# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1249# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1250# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1251# 1252# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1253# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1254# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1255# p 27 1256# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1257# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1258# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1259# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1260# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1261# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1262# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1263# accordingly." 1264# 1265# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1266# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1267# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1268# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1269# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1270# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1271# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1272# 1919, s. 2.)" 1273# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1274# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1275# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1276# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1277# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1278# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1279# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1280# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1281# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1282# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1283# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1284# to compensate. 1285# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1286# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1287# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1288# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1289# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1290# img 245-246 1291# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1292 1293# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1294Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1295 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1296 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1297 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1298 1:00 - WAT 1299Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1300Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1301Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1302Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1303Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1304Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1305Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1306Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1307Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1308 1309# R��union 1310# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1311Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1312 4:00 - +04 1313# 1314# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1315# The following information about them is taken from 1316# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1317# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1318# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1319# 1320# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1321# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1322# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1323# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1324# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1325 1326# Rwanda 1327# See Africa/Maputo. 1328 1329# St Helena 1330# See Africa/Abidjan. 1331# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1332# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1333# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1334# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1335# on GMT, says the CIA 1336# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1337 1338# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1339 1340# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1341 1342# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1343# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1344# they entered the year 2018. 1345# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1346# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1347# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1348 1349# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1350# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1351# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1352# 1353# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1354# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1355# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1356# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1357 1358Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1359 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1360 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1361 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1362 0:00 - GMT 1363 1364# Senegal 1365# See Africa/Abidjan. 1366 1367# Seychelles 1368 1369# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1370# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. 1371# 1372# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) 1373# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 1374# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 1375# 1376# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): 1377# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 1378# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st 1379# January, 1907." 1380 1381# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1382Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1383 4:00 - +04 1384# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1385# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1386# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1387# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1388# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1389# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1390 1391# Sierra Leone 1392# See Africa/Abidjan. 1393 1394# Somalia 1395# See Africa/Nairobi. 1396 1397# South Africa 1398# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1399Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1400Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1401# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1402Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1403 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1404 2:00 SA SAST 1405Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1406Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini 1407# 1408# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1409# scientific station since 1947 1410# no information 1411 1412# Sudan 1413 1414# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1415# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1416# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1417# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1418# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1419# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1420 1421# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1422# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1423# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1424# 1425# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1426# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1427# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1428# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1429# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1430 1431# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1432Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1433Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1434Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1435Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1436# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1437Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1438 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1439 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1440 2:00 - CAT 1441 1442# South Sudan 1443 1444# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1445# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1446# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1447# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1448 1449# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1450Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1451 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1452 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1453 2:00 - CAT 1454 1455# Tanzania 1456# See Africa/Nairobi. 1457 1458# Togo 1459# See Africa/Abidjan. 1460 1461# Tunisia 1462 1463# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1464# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1465# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1466# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1467# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1468# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1469# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1470# Saturday." (My translation) 1471# 1472# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1473# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1474# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1475# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1476# 1h standard time. 1477# 1478# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1479# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1480# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1481# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1482# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1483 1484# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1485# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1486# (Arabic) 1487# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1488# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1489# 1490# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1491# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1492# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1493 1494# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1495# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1496# 1497# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1498# 1499# (in English) 1500# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1501# 1502# (in Arabic) 1503# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1504 1505# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1506# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1507# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1508# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1509# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1510# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1511 1512# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1513# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1514# 1515# (translation): 1516# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1517# Sunday... 1518# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1519# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1520# 1521# (in Arabic) 1522# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1523# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1524# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1525 1526# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1527Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1528Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1529Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1530Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1531Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1532Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1533Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1534Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1535Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1536Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1537Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1538Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1539Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1540Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1541Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1542Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1543Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1544Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1545Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1546Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1547Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1548Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1549Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1550Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1551Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1552 1553# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. 1554# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1555Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1556 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1557 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1558 1559# Uganda 1560# See Africa/Nairobi. 1561 1562# Zambia 1563# Zimbabwe 1564# See Africa/Maputo. 1565