africa revision 1.65
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.65 2021/01/24 20:18:50 millert Exp $ 2# tzdb data for Africa and environs 3 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 9# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 10# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 11 12# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 13# 14# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 15# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 16# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 17# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 18# 19# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 20# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 21# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 22# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 23# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 24# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 25# 26# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 27# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 28# I found in the UCLA library. 29# 30# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 31# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 32# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 33# 34# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 35# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 36# 37# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46# 47# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52# +01 WAT West Africa Time 53# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55# cannot now come up with solid citations. 56# 57# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61# +03 EAT East Africa Time 62# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65# Corrections are welcome. 66 67# Algeria 68# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 92# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104# Angola 105# Benin 106# See Africa/Lagos. 107 108# Botswana 109# See Africa/Maputo. 110 111# Burkina Faso 112# See Africa/Abidjan. 113 114# Burundi 115# See Africa/Maputo. 116 117# Cameroon 118# See Africa/Lagos. 119 120# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 121# 122# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 123# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 124# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 125# (see Europe/Lisbon). 126# 127# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 129 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 130 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 131 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 132 -1:00 - -01 133 134# Central African Republic 135# See Africa/Lagos. 136 137# Chad 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 140 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 141 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 142 1:00 - WAT 143 144# Comoros 145# See Africa/Nairobi. 146 147# Democratic Republic of the Congo 148# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 149 150# Republic of the Congo 151# See Africa/Lagos. 152 153# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 154# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 155Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 156 0:00 - GMT 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 165Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 166 167# Djibouti 168# See Africa/Nairobi. 169 170############################################################################### 171 172# Egypt 173 174# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 175# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 176# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 177# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 178 179# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 180Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 181Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 182Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 183Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 184Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 185Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 186Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 187Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 193Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 194Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 197Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 199# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 200# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 201 202# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 203# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 204# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 205# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 206# 207# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 208# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 209# or 210# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 211Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 212Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 213# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 214# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 215# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 216# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 217# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 218Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 219# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 220# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 221# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 222# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 223# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 224# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 225# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 226# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 227Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 228# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 229# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 230# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 231# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 232# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 233# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 234# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 235# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 236# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 237 238# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 239# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 240# 241# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 243# Apr 23 244# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 246# Apr 24 247# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 249# Aug 27 250# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 252# Aug 27 253# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 254# 255# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 256# :59) 257# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 258# 259# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 260# 261# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 262# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 263# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 264 265# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 266# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 267# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 268# in September. 269 270# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 271# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 272# Information and Decision Support Center: 273# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 274# 275# The Middle East News Agency 276# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 277# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 278# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 279# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 280# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 281# (at least today). 282 283# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 284# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 285# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 286# Ramadan. 287# 288# Arabic translation: 289# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 290# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 291# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 292 293# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 294# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 295# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 296 297# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 298# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 299 300# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 301# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 302# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 303# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 304# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 305# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 306# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 307# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 308# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 309# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 310# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 311# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 312 313# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 314# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 315# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 316# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 317# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 318# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 319 320# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 321# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 322# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 323# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 324# dates not yet announced.... 325# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 326# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 327 328# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 329# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 330# least for 2015. 331# 332# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 333# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 334# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 335# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 336# practice altogether in future years." 337# 338# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 339# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 340# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 341# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 342 343# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 344# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 345# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 346# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 347# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 348 349Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 350Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 351Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 352Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 353Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 354Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 355Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 356Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 357Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 358 359# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 361 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 362 363# Equatorial Guinea 364# See Africa/Lagos. 365 366# Eritrea 367# See Africa/Nairobi. 368 369# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 370# See Africa/Johannesburg. 371 372# Ethiopia 373# See Africa/Nairobi. 374# 375# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 376# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 377# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 378# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 379# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 380# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 381 382# Gabon 383# See Africa/Lagos. 384 385# Gambia 386# See Africa/Abidjan. 387 388# Ghana 389 390# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 391# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] 392# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 393# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 394# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the 395# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. 396# 397# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] 398# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 399# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 400# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. 401# 402# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) 403# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) 404# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 405# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 406# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. 407# 408# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] 409# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 410# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 411# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 412# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. 413# 414# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 415# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] 416# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 417# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 418# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 419# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. 420# 421# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, 422# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] 423# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 424# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 425# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 426# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. 427# 428# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of 429# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] 430# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 431# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 432# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 433# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. 434# 435# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] 436# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 437# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 438# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 439# This Ordinance abolished DST. 440# 441# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] 442# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: 443# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 444# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 445# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. 446# 447# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) 448# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 449# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 450# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. 451# 452# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] 453# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the 454# Year 1956, p 83 455# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 456# This Ordinance abolished DST. 457 458# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 459Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 460Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 461Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 462Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 463Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 464Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT 465 466# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 467Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 468 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 469 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 470 0:00 Ghana %s 471 472# Guinea 473# See Africa/Abidjan. 474 475# Guinea-Bissau 476# 477# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 478# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 479# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 480# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 481# 482# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 483Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 484 -1:00 - -01 1975 485 0:00 - GMT 486 487# Kenya 488 489# From P Chan (2020-10-24): 490# 491# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate.... 492# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274] 493# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274 494# 495# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward 496# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928. 497# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf 498# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Offical Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813] 499# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813 500# 501# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance, 502# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930. 503# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701] 504# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701 505# 506# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45 507# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936. 508# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705] 509# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705 510# 511# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time 512# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942. 513# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331] 514# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331 515# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later 516# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948. 517# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations. 518# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31] 519# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101) 520# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt 521# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December. 522# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787 523# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294] 524# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294 525 526# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24): 527# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date, 528# so just say "1908 May". 529 530# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 531Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1908 May 532 2:30 - +0230 1928 Jun 30 24:00 533 3:00 - EAT 1930 Jan 4 24:00 534 2:30 - +0230 1936 Dec 31 24:00 535 2:45 - +0245 1942 Jul 31 24:00 536 3:00 - EAT 537Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 538Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 539Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 540Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 541Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 542Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 543Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 544Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 545Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 546 547# Lesotho 548# See Africa/Johannesburg. 549 550# Liberia 551# 552# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 553# 554# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 555# 556# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 557# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 558# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 559# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 560# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 561# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 562# 563# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 564# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 565# 566# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 567Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 568 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 569 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 570 0:00 - GMT 571 572############################################################################### 573 574# Libya 575 576# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 577# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 578# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 579# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 580# 581# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 582# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 583# 584# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 585# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 586# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 587# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 588# lastFri instead of lastSun). 589 590# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 591# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 592# cancelled yesterday.... 593# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 594# 595# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 596# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 597 598# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 599Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 600Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 601Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 602Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 603Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 604Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 605Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 606Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 607Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 608Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 609Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 610Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 611Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 612Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 613Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 614Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 615Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 616# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 617Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 618 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 619 2:00 - EET 1982 620 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 621# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 622# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 623 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 624 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 625 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 626 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 627 2:00 - EET 628 629# Madagascar 630# See Africa/Nairobi. 631 632# Malawi 633# See Africa/Maputo. 634 635# Mali 636# Mauritania 637# See Africa/Abidjan. 638 639# Mauritius 640 641# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 642# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 643# basis.... 644# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 645# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 646# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 647 648# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 649# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 650 651# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 652# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 653# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 654# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 655 656# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 657# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 658 659# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 660# According to 661# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 662# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 663# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 664# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 665# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 666# 667# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 668# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 669# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 670# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 671# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 672# changes two days later. 673 674# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 675# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 676# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 677# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 678# 679# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 680# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 681# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 682# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 683 684# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 685# The Government of Mauritius weblink 686# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 687# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 688# 689# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 690# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 691# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 692# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 693# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 694# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 695# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 696# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 697# and end on 29 March 2009. 698 699# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 700# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 701# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 702# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 703# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 704 705# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 706# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 707# DST the coming summer... 708# 709# Some sources, in French: 710# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 711# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 712# 713# Our wrap-up: 714# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 715 716# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 717# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 718# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 719# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 720 721# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 722Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 723Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 724Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 725Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 726# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 727Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 728 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 729# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 730# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 731 732# Mayotte 733# See Africa/Nairobi. 734 735# Morocco 736# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 737 738# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 739# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 740# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 741# 742# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 743# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 744# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 745# 746# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 747# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 748 749# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 750# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 751# Presse: 752# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 753# 754# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 755# spokesman. 756 757# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 758# According to this article: 759# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 760# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 761# the changes occur at midnight: 762# 763# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 764# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 765# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 766# 767# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 768# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 769# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 770# June 1st to Sept 27th. 771# 772# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 773# published on the web. 774# 775# It's also confirmed here: 776# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 777# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 778# posted in English). 779# 780# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 781# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 782 783# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 784# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 785# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 786# of September: 787# 788# One article about it (in French): 789# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 790# 791# We have some further details posted here: 792# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 793 794# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 795# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 796# to many sources, such as 797# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 798# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 799# (French) 800# 801# Our summary: 802# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 803 804# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 805# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 806# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 807# 808# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 809# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 810# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 811# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 812# 813# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 814# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 815 816# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 817# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 818# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 819# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 820# 821# Example: 822# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 823# (French) 824# Our page: 825# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 826 827# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 828# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 829# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 830# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 831# ...Official links of change in morocco 832# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 833# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 834# +212.537.71.84.00 835# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 836# They said that 837# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 838# is the official publication to look at. 839# They said that the decision was already taken. 840# 841# More articles in the press 842# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 843# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 844# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 845 846# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 847# They have it written in English here: 848# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 849# 850# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 851# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 852# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 853# also been like that in the past. 854 855# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 856# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 857# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 858# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 859# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 860# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 861# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 862# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 863# except the month of Ramadan. 864# or (brief) 865# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 866 867# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 868# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 869# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 870# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 871# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 872# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 873 874# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 875# Seen Morocco change again: 876# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 877# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 878# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 879 880# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 881# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 882# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 883# 884# Google translation, lightly edited: 885# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 886# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 887# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 888# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 889# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 890# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 891# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 892# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 893# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 894 895# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 896# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 897# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 898# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 899# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 900# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 901 902# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 903# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 904# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 905# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 906 907# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 908# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 909# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 910# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 911# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 912# source (French): 913# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 914# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 915# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 916 917# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 918# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 919 920# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 921# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 922# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 923# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 924# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 925 926# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 927# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 928# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 929# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 930# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 931# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 932# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 933# Source (french): 934# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 935# 936# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 937# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 938# 939# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 940# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 941# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 942# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 943# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 944# with the patch. 945 946# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 947# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 948# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 949# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 950# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 951# 952# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 953# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 954# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 955# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 956# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 957# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 958# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 959 960# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 961# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 962# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 963# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 964 965# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 966# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 967# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 968# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 969# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 970# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 971# 972# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 973# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 974# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 975# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 976# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 977# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 978# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 979# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 980# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 981# shift will be the next weekend. 982# 983# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 984# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 985# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 986# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 987# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 988# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 989# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 990# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 991# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 992# (require 'cal-islam) 993# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 994# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 995# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 996# (sunday 0)) 997# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 998# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 999# (setq b (1+ b))) 1000# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 1001# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 1002# (insert 1003# (format 1004# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 1005# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 1006# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 1007# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 1008# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 1009 1010# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1011Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 1012Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 1013Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 1014Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 1015Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 1016Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 1017Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 1018Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1019Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1024Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1025Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1026Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1027Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1028Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 1029Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 1030Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 1031Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 1032Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 1033Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 1034Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1035Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 1036Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 1037Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1038Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 1039Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 1040Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1041Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 1042Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 1043Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 1044Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 1045Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 1046Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 1051Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 1052Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1053Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 1054Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1055Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 1056Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1057Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 1058Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1059Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 1060Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1061Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 1062Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1063Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 1064Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1065Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 1066Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1067Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 1068Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1069Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 1070Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1071Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 1072Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1073Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 1074Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1075Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 1076Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1077Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 1078Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1079Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 1080Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1081Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 1082Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1083Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 1084Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1085Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 1086Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1087Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 1088Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1089Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 1090Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1091Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 1092Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1093Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 1094Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1095Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1096Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1097Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1098Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1099Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1100Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1101Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1102Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1103Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1104Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1105Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1106Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1107Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1108Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1109Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1110Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1111Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1112Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1113Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1114Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1115Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1116Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1117Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1118Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1119Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1120Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1121Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1122Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1123Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1124Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1125Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1126Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1127Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1128Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1129Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1130Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1131Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1132Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1133Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1134Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1135Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1136Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1137Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1138Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1139Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1140Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1141Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1142Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1143Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1144Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1145Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1146Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1147Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1148Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1149Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1150Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1151Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1152Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1153Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1154Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1155Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1156Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1157Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1158Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1159Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1160Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1161Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1162Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1163Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1164Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1165Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1166Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1167Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1168Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1169Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1170Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1171Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1172Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1173Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1174Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1175Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1176Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1177Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1178Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1179Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1180Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1181Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1182Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1183Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1184Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1185Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1186Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1187Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1188Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1189Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1190Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1191Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1192Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1193Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1194# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1195# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1196# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1197# rules first. 1198 1199# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1200Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1201 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1202 1:00 - +01 1986 1203 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1204 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1205 1206# Western Sahara 1207# 1208# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1209# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1210# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1211# Morocco does. 1212# 1213# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1214# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1215# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1216 1217Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 1218 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1219 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1220 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1221 1222# Mozambique 1223# 1224# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1225# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1226# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1227# merely made it official? 1228# 1229# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1230Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1231 2:00 - CAT 1232Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 1233Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 1234Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 1235Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 1236Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 1237Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 1238Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 1239 1240 1241# Namibia 1242 1243# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1244# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1245# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1246# and includes this nugget: 1247# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1248# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1249# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1250# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1251 1252# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1253# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1254# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1255 1256# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1257# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1258# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1259# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1260# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1261# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1262# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1263# of the country. 1264# 1265# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1266# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1267# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1268# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1269# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1270# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1271 1272# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1273# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1274# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1275# This video is from the government decision: 1276# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1277# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1278# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1279# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1280 1281# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1282# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1283# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1284# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1285# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1286# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1287# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1288# with Namibia's neighbors. 1289 1290# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1291# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1292Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1293Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1294Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1295# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1296#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1297#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1298#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1299# End of rearguard section. 1300 1301# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1303 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1304 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1305 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1306 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1307# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1308 2:00 Namibia %s 1309# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1310# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1311# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1312# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1313# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1314# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1315# 2:00 - CAT 1316# End of rearguard section. 1317 1318# Niger 1319# See Africa/Lagos. 1320 1321# Nigeria 1322 1323# From P Chan (2020-12-03): 1324# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01. 1325# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3 1326# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235 1327# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905 1328# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and 1329# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and 1330# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time." 1331# 1332# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01. 1333# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5 1334# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523 1335# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when 1336# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the 1337# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time." 1338# 1339# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1340# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria. 1341# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916), 1342# p 27 1343# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27 1344# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted, 1345# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian 1346# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long." 1347# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos 1348# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of 1349# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes 1350# accordingly." 1351# 1352# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1. 1353# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2) 1354# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the 1355# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16] 1356# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16 1357# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria: 1358# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time. (As amended by 18 of 1359# 1919, s. 2.)" 1360# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10): 1361# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first 1362# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on 1363# Thursday 1919-08-28: 1364# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915 1365# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and 1366# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a 1367# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time. Nigeria standard time is 1368# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new 1369# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes". It was further 1370# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes 1371# to compensate. 1372# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11): 1373# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52, 1374# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on 1375# the 1st day of September, 1919." 1376# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40, 1377# img 245-246 1378# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919 1379 1380# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1381Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1382 0:00 - GMT 1908 Jul 1 1383 0:13:35 - LMT 1914 Jan 1 1384 0:30 - +0030 1919 Sep 1 1385 1:00 - WAT 1386Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1387Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1388Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1389Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1390Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1391Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1392Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1393Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1394Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1395 1396# R��union 1397# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1398Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1399 4:00 - +04 1400# 1401# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1402# 1403# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1404# The following information about them is taken from 1405# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1406# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1407# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1408# 1409# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1410# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1411# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1412# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1413# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1414 1415# Rwanda 1416# See Africa/Maputo. 1417 1418# St Helena 1419# See Africa/Abidjan. 1420# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1421# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1422# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1423# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1424# on GMT, says the CIA 1425# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1426 1427# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1428 1429# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1430 1431# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1432# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1433# they entered the year 2018. 1434# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1435# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1436# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1437 1438# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1439# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1440# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1441# 1442# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1443# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1444# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1445# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1446 1447Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1448 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1449 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1450 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1451 0:00 - GMT 1452 1453# Senegal 1454# See Africa/Abidjan. 1455 1456# Seychelles 1457 1458# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 1459# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. 1460# 1461# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) 1462# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 1463# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 1464# 1465# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): 1466# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 1467# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st 1468# January, 1907." 1469 1470# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1471Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria 1472 4:00 - +04 1473# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1474# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1475# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1476# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1477# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1478# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1479 1480# Sierra Leone 1481# See Africa/Abidjan. 1482 1483# Somalia 1484# See Africa/Nairobi. 1485 1486# South Africa 1487# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1488Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1489Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1490# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1491Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1492 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1493 2:00 SA SAST 1494Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1495Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini 1496# 1497# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1498# scientific station since 1947 1499# no information 1500 1501# Sudan 1502 1503# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1504# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1505# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1506# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1507# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1508# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1509 1510# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1511# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1512# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1513# 1514# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1515# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1516# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1517# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1518# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1519 1520# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1521Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1522Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1523Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1524Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1525# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1526Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1527 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1528 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1529 2:00 - CAT 1530 1531# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18): 1532# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1 1533# hour on February 1, 2021...." 1534# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/ 1535 1536# South Sudan 1537# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1538Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1539 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1540 3:00 - EAT 2021 Feb 1 00:00 1541 2:00 - CAT 1542 1543# Tanzania 1544# See Africa/Nairobi. 1545 1546# Togo 1547# See Africa/Abidjan. 1548 1549# Tunisia 1550 1551# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1552# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1553# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1554# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1555# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1556# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1557# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1558# Saturday." (My translation) 1559# 1560# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1561# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1562# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1563# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1564# 1h standard time. 1565# 1566# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1567# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1568# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1569# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1570# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1571 1572# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1573# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1574# (Arabic) 1575# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1576# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1577# 1578# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1579# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1580# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1581 1582# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1583# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1584# 1585# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1586# 1587# (in English) 1588# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1589# 1590# (in Arabic) 1591# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1592 1593# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1594# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1595# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1596# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1597# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1598# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1599 1600# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1601# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1602# 1603# (translation): 1604# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1605# Sunday... 1606# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1607# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1608# 1609# (in Arabic) 1610# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1611# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1612# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1613 1614# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1615Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1616Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1617Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1618Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1619Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1620Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1621Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1622Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1623Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1624Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1625Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1626Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1627Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1628Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1629Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1630Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1631Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1632Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1633Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1634Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1635Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1636Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1637Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1638Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1639Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1640 1641# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 1642# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1643Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1644 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1645 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1646 1647# Uganda 1648# See Africa/Nairobi. 1649 1650# Zambia 1651# Zimbabwe 1652# See Africa/Maputo. 1653