africa revision 1.59
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.59 2019/01/01 13:22:16 millert Exp $ 2# tzdb data for Africa and environs 3 4# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 5# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 6 7# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 8# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 9# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 10# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 11 12# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 13# 14# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 15# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 16# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 17# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 18# 19# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 20# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 21# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 22# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 23# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 24# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 25# 26# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 27# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 28# I found in the UCLA library. 29# 30# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 31# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 32# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 33# 34# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 35# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 36# 37# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 38# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 39# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 40# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 41# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 42# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 43# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 44# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 45# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 46# 47# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 48# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 50# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 52# +01 WAT West Africa Time 53# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 54# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 55# cannot now come up with solid citations. 56# 57# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 58# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 60# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 61# +03 EAT East Africa Time 62# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 63# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 64# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 65# Corrections are welcome. 66 67# Algeria 68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 91# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 92# more precise 0:09:21. 93# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 94Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 95 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 96 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 97 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 98 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 99 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 101 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 102 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 103 1:00 - CET 104 105# Angola 106# Benin 107# See Africa/Lagos. 108 109# Botswana 110# See Africa/Maputo. 111 112# Burkina Faso 113# See Africa/Abidjan. 114 115# Burundi 116# See Africa/Maputo. 117 118# Cameroon 119# See Africa/Lagos. 120 121# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 122# 123# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 124# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 125# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 126# (see Europe/Lisbon). 127# 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 130 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 131 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 132 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 133 -1:00 - -01 134 135# Central African Republic 136# See Africa/Lagos. 137 138# Chad 139# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 141 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 142 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 143 1:00 - WAT 144 145# Comoros 146# See Africa/Nairobi. 147 148# Democratic Republic of the Congo 149# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 150 151# Republic of the Congo 152# See Africa/Lagos. 153 154# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 157 0:00 - GMT 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 166Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 167 168# Djibouti 169# See Africa/Nairobi. 170 171############################################################################### 172 173# Egypt 174 175# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 176# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 177# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 178# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 179 180# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 181Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 182Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 183Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 184Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 185Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 186Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 187Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 188Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 190Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 191Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 194Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 195Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 197Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 199Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 200# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 201# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 202 203# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 204# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 205# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 206# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 207# 208# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 209# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 210# or 211# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 212Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 213Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 214# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 215# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 216# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 217# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 218# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 219Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 220# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 221# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 222# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 223# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 224# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 225# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 226# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 227# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 228Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 229# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 230# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 231# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 232# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 233# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 234# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 235# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 236# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 237# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 238 239# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 240# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 241# 242# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 243# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 244# Apr 23 245# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 246# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 247# Apr 24 248# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 249# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 250# Aug 27 251# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 252# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 253# Aug 27 254# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 255# 256# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 257# :59) 258# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 259# 260# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 261# 262# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 263# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 264# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 265 266# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 267# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 268# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 269# in September. 270 271# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 272# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 273# Information and Decision Support Center: 274# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 275# 276# The Middle East News Agency 277# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 278# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 279# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 280# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 281# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 282# (at least today). 283 284# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 285# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 286# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 287# Ramadan. 288# 289# Arabic translation: 290# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 291# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 292# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 293 294# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 295# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 296# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 297 298# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 299# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 300 301# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 302# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 303# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 304# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 305# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 306# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 307# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 308# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 309# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 310# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 311# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 312# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 313 314# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 315# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 316# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 317# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 318# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 319# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 320 321# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 322# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 323# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 324# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 325# dates not yet announced.... 326# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 327# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 328 329# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 330# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 331# least for 2015. 332# 333# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 334# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 335# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 336# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 337# practice altogether in future years." 338# 339# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 340# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 341# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 342# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 343 344# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 345# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 346# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 347# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 348# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 349 350Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 351Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 352Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 353Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 354Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 355Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 356Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 357Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 358Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 359 360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 362 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 363 364# Equatorial Guinea 365# See Africa/Lagos. 366 367# Eritrea 368# Ethiopia 369# See Africa/Nairobi. 370# 371# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 372# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 373# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 374# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 375# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 376# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 377 378# Gabon 379# See Africa/Lagos. 380 381# Gambia 382# See Africa/Abidjan. 383 384# Ghana 385 386# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 387# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 388# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 389# with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 390# Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 391# Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 392# http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 393# lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 394# "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 395# during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 396# to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 397# for evening recreation after office hours." 398# Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 399# writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 400# time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 401# UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 402# the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 403# The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 404# intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 405# The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 406# These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 407# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 408# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 409# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 410# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 411Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 412Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 415 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 416 417# Guinea 418# See Africa/Abidjan. 419 420# Guinea-Bissau 421# 422# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 423# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 424# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 425# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 426# 427# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 429 -1:00 - -01 1975 430 0:00 - GMT 431 432# Kenya 433# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 434Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 435 3:00 - EAT 1930 436 2:30 - +0230 1940 437 2:45 - +0245 1960 438 3:00 - EAT 439Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 440Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 441Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 442Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 443Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 444Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 445Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 446Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 447Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 448 449# Lesotho 450# See Africa/Johannesburg. 451 452# Liberia 453# 454# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 455# 456# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 457# 458# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 459# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 460# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 461# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 462# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 463# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 464# 465# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 466# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 467# 468# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 469Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 470 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 471 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 472 0:00 - GMT 473 474############################################################################### 475 476# Libya 477 478# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 479# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 480# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 481# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 482# 483# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 484# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 485# 486# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 487# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 488# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 489# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 490# lastFri instead of lastSun). 491 492# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 493# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 494# cancelled yesterday.... 495# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 496# 497# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 498# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 499 500# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 501Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 502Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 503Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 504Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 505Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 506Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 507Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 508Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 509Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 510Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 511Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 512Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 513Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 514Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 515Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 516Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 517Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 520 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 521 2:00 - EET 1982 522 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 523# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 524# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 525 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 526 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 527 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 528 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 529 2:00 - EET 530 531# Madagascar 532# See Africa/Nairobi. 533 534# Malawi 535# See Africa/Maputo. 536 537# Mali 538# Mauritania 539# See Africa/Abidjan. 540 541# Mauritius 542 543# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 544# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 545# basis.... 546# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 547# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 548# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 549 550# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 551# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 552 553# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 554# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 555# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 556# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 557 558# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 559# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 560 561# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 562# According to 563# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 564# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 565# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 566# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 567# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 568# 569# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 570# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 571# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 572# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 573# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 574# changes two days later. 575 576# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 577# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 578# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 579# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 580# 581# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 582# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 583# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 584# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 585 586# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 587# The Government of Mauritius weblink 588# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 589# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 590# 591# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 592# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 593# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 594# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 595# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 596# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 597# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 598# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 599# and end on 29 March 2009. 600 601# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 602# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 603# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 604# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 605# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 606 607# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 608# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 609# DST the coming summer... 610# 611# Some sources, in French: 612# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 613# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 614# 615# Our wrap-up: 616# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 617 618# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 619# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 620# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 621# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 622 623# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 624Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 625Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 626Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 627Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 628# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 629Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 630 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 631# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 632# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 633 634# Mayotte 635# See Africa/Nairobi. 636 637# Morocco 638# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 639 640# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 641# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 642# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 643# 644# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 645# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 646# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 647# 648# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 649# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 650 651# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 652# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 653# Presse: 654# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 655# 656# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 657# spokesman. 658 659# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 660# According to this article: 661# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 662# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 663# the changes occur at midnight: 664# 665# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 666# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 667# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 668# 669# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 670# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 671# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 672# June 1st to Sept 27th. 673# 674# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 675# published on the web. 676# 677# It's also confirmed here: 678# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 679# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 680# posted in English). 681# 682# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 683# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 684 685# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 686# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 687# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 688# of September: 689# 690# One article about it (in French): 691# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 692# 693# We have some further details posted here: 694# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 695 696# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 697# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 698# to many sources, such as 699# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 700# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 701# (French) 702# 703# Our summary: 704# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 705 706# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 707# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 708# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 709# 710# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 711# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 712# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 713# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 714# 715# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 716# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 717 718# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 719# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 720# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 721# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 722# 723# Example: 724# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 725# (French) 726# Our page: 727# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 728 729# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 730# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 731# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 732# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 733# ...Official links of change in morocco 734# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 735# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 736# +212.537.71.84.00 737# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 738# They said that 739# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 740# is the official publication to look at. 741# They said that the decision was already taken. 742# 743# More articles in the press 744# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 745# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 746# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 747 748# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 749# They have it written in English here: 750# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 751# 752# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 753# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 754# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 755# also been like that in the past. 756 757# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 758# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 759# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 760# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 761# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 762# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 763# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 764# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 765# except the month of Ramadan. 766# or (brief) 767# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 768 769# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 770# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 771# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 772# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 773# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 774# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 775 776# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 777# Seen Morocco change again: 778# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 779# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 780# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 781 782# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 783# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 784# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 785# 786# Google translation, lightly edited: 787# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 788# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 789# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 790# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 791# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 792# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 793# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 794# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 795# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 796 797# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 798# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 799# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 800# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 801# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 802# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 803 804# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 805# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 806# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 807# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 808 809# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 810# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 811# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 812# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 813# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 814# source (French): 815# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 816# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 817# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 818 819# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 820# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 821 822# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 823# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 824# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 825# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 826# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 827 828# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 829# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 830# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 831# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 832# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 833# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 834# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 835# Source (french): 836# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 837# 838# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 839# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 840# 841# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 842# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 843# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 844# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 845# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 846# with the patch. 847 848# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 849# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 850# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 851# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 852# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 853# 854# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 855# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 856# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 857# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 858# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 859# that 64% of asked peopke are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 860# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 861# 862# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-01): 863# For now, guess that Morocco will fall back at 03:00 the last Sunday 864# before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the first Sunday after 865# Ramadan, as this has been the practice since 2012. To implement this, 866# transition dates for 2019 through 2037 were determined by running the 867# following program under GNU Emacs 26.1. 868# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 869# (require 'cal-islam) 870# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 871# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 872# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 873# (sunday 0)) 874# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 875# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 876# (setq b (1+ b))) 877# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 878# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 879# (insert 880# (format 881# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 882# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 883# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 884# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 885# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 886 887# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 888Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 889Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 890Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 891Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 893Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 894Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 895Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 897Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 899Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 901Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 902Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 903Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 904Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 905Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 906Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 907Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 908Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 909Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 910Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 912Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 914Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 916Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 917Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 918Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 919Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 920Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 921Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 922Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 923Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 924Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 925Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 926Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 927Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 928Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 929Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 930Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 931Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 932Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 0 - 933Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 934Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 935Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 936Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 937Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 938Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 939Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 940Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 941Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 942Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 943Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 944Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 945Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 946Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 947Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 948Rule Morocco 2028 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 949Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 950Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 951Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 952Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 953Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 954Rule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 955Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 956Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 957Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 958Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 959Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 960Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 961Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 962Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 963Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 964Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 965Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 966Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 967Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 968Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 969 970# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 971Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 972 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 973 1:00 - +01 1986 974 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 975 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 976 977# Western Sahara 978# 979# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 980# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 981# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 982# Morocco does. 983# 984# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 985# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 986# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 987 988Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 989 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 990 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 991 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 992 993# Mozambique 994# 995# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 996# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 997# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 998# merely made it official? 999# 1000# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1001Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1002 2:00 - CAT 1003Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 1004Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 1005Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 1006Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 1007Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 1008Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 1009Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 1010 1011 1012# Namibia 1013 1014# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1015# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1016# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1017# and includes this nugget: 1018# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1019# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1020# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1021# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1022 1023# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1024# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1025# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1026 1027# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1028# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1029# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1030# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1031# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1032# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1033# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1034# of the country. 1035# 1036# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1037# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1038# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1039# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1040# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1041# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1042 1043# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1044# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1045# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1046# This video is from the government decision: 1047# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1048# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1049# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1050# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1051 1052# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1053# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1054# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1055# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1056# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1057# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1058# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1059# with Namibia's neighbors. 1060 1061# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1062# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1063Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1064Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1065Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1066# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1067#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1068#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1069#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1070# End of rearguard section. 1071 1072# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1073Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1074 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1075 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1076 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1077 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1078# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1079 2:00 Namibia %s 1080# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1081# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1082# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1083# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1084# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1085# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1086# 2:00 - CAT 1087# End of rearguard section. 1088 1089# Niger 1090# See Africa/Lagos. 1091 1092# Nigeria 1093# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1094Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1095 1:00 - WAT 1096Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1097Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1098Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1099Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1100Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1101Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1102Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1103Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1104Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1105 1106# R��union 1107# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1108Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1109 4:00 - +04 1110# 1111# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1112# 1113# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1114# The following information about them is taken from 1115# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1116# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1117# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1118# 1119# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1120# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1121# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1122# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1123# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1124 1125# Rwanda 1126# See Africa/Maputo. 1127 1128# St Helena 1129# See Africa/Abidjan. 1130# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1131# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1132# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1133# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1134# on GMT, says the CIA 1135# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1136 1137# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1138 1139# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1140 1141# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1142# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1143# they entered the year 2018. 1144# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1145# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1146# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1147 1148# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1149# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1150# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1151# 1152# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1153# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1154# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1155# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1156 1157Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1158 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1159 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1160 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1161 0:00 - GMT 1162 1163# Senegal 1164# See Africa/Abidjan. 1165 1166# Seychelles 1167# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1168Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1169 4:00 - +04 1170# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1171# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1172# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1173# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1174# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1175# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1176 1177# Sierra Leone 1178# See Africa/Abidjan. 1179 1180# Somalia 1181# See Africa/Nairobi. 1182 1183# South Africa 1184# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1185Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1186Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1187# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1188Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1189 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1190 2:00 SA SAST 1191Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1192Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1193# 1194# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1195# scientific station since 1947 1196# no information 1197 1198# Sudan 1199 1200# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1201# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1202# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1203# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1204# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1205# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1206 1207# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1208# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1209# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1210# 1211# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1212# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1213# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1214# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1215# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1216 1217# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1218Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1219Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1220Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1221Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1222# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1223Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1224 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1225 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1226 2:00 - CAT 1227 1228# South Sudan 1229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1230Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1231 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1232 3:00 - EAT 1233 1234# Swaziland 1235# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1236 1237# Tanzania 1238# See Africa/Nairobi. 1239 1240# Togo 1241# See Africa/Abidjan. 1242 1243# Tunisia 1244 1245# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1246# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1247# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1248# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1249# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1250# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1251# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1252# Saturday." (My translation) 1253# 1254# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1255# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1256# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1257# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1258# 1h standard time. 1259# 1260# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1261# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1262# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1263# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1264# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1265 1266# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1267# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1268# (Arabic) 1269# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1270# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1271# 1272# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1273# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1274# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1275 1276# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1277# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1278# 1279# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1280# 1281# (in English) 1282# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1283# 1284# (in Arabic) 1285# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1286 1287# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1288# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1289# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1290# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1291# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1292# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1293 1294# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1295# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1296# 1297# (translation): 1298# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1299# Sunday... 1300# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1301# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1302# 1303# (in Arabic) 1304# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1305# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1306# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1307 1308# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1309Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1310Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1311Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1312Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1313Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1314Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1315Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1316Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1317Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1318Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1319Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1320Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1321Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1322Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1323Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1324Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1325Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1326Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1327Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1328Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1329Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1330Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1331Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1332Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1333Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1334 1335# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1336# more precise 0:09:21. 1337# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1338# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1339Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1340 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1341 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1342 1343# Uganda 1344# See Africa/Nairobi. 1345 1346# Zambia 1347# Zimbabwe 1348# See Africa/Maputo. 1349