africa revision 1.55
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.55 2018/03/27 21:22:13 millert Exp $ 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 8# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9 10# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20): 11# 12# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 16# 17# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 18# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 19# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 20# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 21# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 22# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 30# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 36# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 37# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 38# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 39# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 40# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 41# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 42# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 43# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 44# 45# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 46# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 47# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 48# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 49# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 50# +01 WAT West Africa Time 51# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 52# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 53# cannot now come up with solid citations. 54# 55# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 56# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 57# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 58# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 59# +03 EAT East Africa Time 60# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 61# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 62 63# Algeria 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 66Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 67Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 87# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 88# more precise 0:09:21. 89# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 90Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 91 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 92 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 93 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 94 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 95 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 96 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 97 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 99 1:00 - CET 100 101# Angola 102# Benin 103# See Africa/Lagos. 104 105# Botswana 106# See Africa/Maputo. 107 108# Burkina Faso 109# See Africa/Abidjan. 110 111# Burundi 112# See Africa/Maputo. 113 114# Cameroon 115# See Africa/Lagos. 116 117# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 118# 119# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 120# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 121# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 122# (see Europe/Lisbon). 123# 124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 125Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 126 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 127 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 128 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 129 -1:00 - -01 130 131# Central African Republic 132# See Africa/Lagos. 133 134# Chad 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 137 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 138 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 139 1:00 - WAT 140 141# Comoros 142# See Africa/Nairobi. 143 144# Democratic Republic of the Congo 145# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 146 147# Republic of the Congo 148# See Africa/Lagos. 149 150# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 153 0:00 - GMT 154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 162Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 163 164# Djibouti 165# See Africa/Nairobi. 166 167############################################################################### 168 169# Egypt 170 171# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 172# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 173# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 174# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 175 176# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 177Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 178Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 179Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 180Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 181Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 182Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 183Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 184Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 185Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 186Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 187Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 191Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 196# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 197# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 198 199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 200# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 201# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 202# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 203# 204# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 205# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 206# or 207# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 208Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 210# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 211# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 212# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 213# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 214# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 215Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 216# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 217# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 218# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 219# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 220# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 221# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 222# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 223# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 224Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 225# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 226# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 227# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 228# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 229# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 230# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 231# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 232# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 233# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 234 235# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 236# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 237# 238# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 239# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 240# Apr 23 241# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 243# Apr 24 244# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 246# Aug 27 247# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 249# Aug 27 250# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 251# 252# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 253# :59) 254# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 255# 256# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 257# 258# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 259# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 260# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 261 262# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 263# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 264# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 265# in September. 266 267# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 268# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 269# Information and Decision Support Center: 270# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 271# 272# The Middle East News Agency 273# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 274# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 275# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 276# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 277# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 278# (at least today). 279 280# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 281# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 282# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 283# Ramadan. 284# 285# Arabic translation: 286# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 287# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 288# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 289 290# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 291# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 292# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 293 294# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 295# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 296 297# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 298# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 299# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 300# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 301# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 302# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 303# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 304# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 305# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 306# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 307# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 308# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 309 310# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 311# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 312# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 313# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 314# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 315# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 316 317# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 318# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 319# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 320# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 321# dates not yet announced.... 322# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 323# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 324 325# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 326# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 327# least for 2015. 328# 329# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 330# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 331# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 332# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 333# practice altogether in future years." 334# 335# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 336# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 337# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 338# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 339 340# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 341# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 342# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 343# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 344# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 345 346Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 347Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 348Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 349Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 350Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 351Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 352Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 353Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 354Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 355 356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 358 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 359 360# Equatorial Guinea 361# See Africa/Lagos. 362 363# Eritrea 364# Ethiopia 365# See Africa/Nairobi. 366 367# Gabon 368# See Africa/Lagos. 369 370# Gambia 371# See Africa/Abidjan. 372 373# Ghana 374 375# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 376# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 377# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 378# with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 379# Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 380# Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 381# http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 382# lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 383# "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 384# during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 385# to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 386# for evening recreation after office hours." 387# Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 388# writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 389# time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 390# UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 391# the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 392# The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 393# intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 394# The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 395# These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 396# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 397# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 398# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 399# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 400Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 401Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 403Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 404 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 405 406# Guinea 407# See Africa/Abidjan. 408 409# Guinea-Bissau 410# 411# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 412# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 413# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 414# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 415# 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 418 -1:00 - -01 1975 419 0:00 - GMT 420 421# Kenya 422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 424 3:00 - EAT 1930 425 2:30 - +0230 1940 426 2:45 - +0245 1960 427 3:00 - EAT 428Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 429Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 430Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 431Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 432Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 433Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 434Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 435Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 436Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 437 438# Lesotho 439# See Africa/Johannesburg. 440 441# Liberia 442# 443# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 444# 445# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 446# 447# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 448# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 449# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 450# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 451# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 452# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 453# 454# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 455# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 456# 457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 459 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 460 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 461 0:00 - GMT 462 463############################################################################### 464 465# Libya 466 467# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 468# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 469# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 470# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 471# 472# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 473# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 474# 475# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 476# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 477# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 478# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 479# lastFri instead of lastSun). 480 481# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 482# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 483# cancelled yesterday.... 484# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 485# 486# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 487# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 488 489# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 490Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 491Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 492Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 493Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 494Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 495Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 496Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 497Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 498Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 499Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 500Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 501Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 502Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 503Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 504Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 505Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 506Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 507# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 509 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 510 2:00 - EET 1982 511 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 512# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 513# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 514 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 515 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 516 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 517 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 518 2:00 - EET 519 520# Madagascar 521# See Africa/Nairobi. 522 523# Malawi 524# See Africa/Maputo. 525 526# Mali 527# Mauritania 528# See Africa/Abidjan. 529 530# Mauritius 531 532# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 533# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 534# basis.... 535# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 536# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 537# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 538 539# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 540# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 541 542# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 543# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 544# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 545# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 546 547# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 548# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 549 550# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 551# According to 552# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 553# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 554# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 555# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 556# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 557# 558# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 559# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 560# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 561# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 562# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 563# changes two days later. 564 565# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 566# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 567# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 568# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 569# 570# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 571# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 572# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 573# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 574 575# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 576# The Government of Mauritius weblink 577# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 578# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 579# 580# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 581# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 582# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 583# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 584# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 585# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 586# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 587# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 588# and end on 29 March 2009. 589 590# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 591# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 592# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 593# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 594# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 595 596# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 597# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 598# DST the coming summer... 599# 600# Some sources, in French: 601# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 602# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 603# 604# Our wrap-up: 605# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 606 607# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 608# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 609# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 610# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 611 612# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 613Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 614Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 615Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 616Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 617# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 618Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 619 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 620# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 621# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 622 623# Mayotte 624# See Africa/Nairobi. 625 626# Morocco 627# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 628 629# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 630# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 631# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 632# 633# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 634# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 635# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 636# 637# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 638# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 639 640# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 641# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 642# Presse: 643# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 644# 645# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 646# spokesman. 647 648# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 649# According to this article: 650# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 651# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 652# the changes occur at midnight: 653# 654# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 655# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 656# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 657# 658# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 659# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 660# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 661# June 1st to Sept 27th. 662# 663# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 664# published on the web. 665# 666# It's also confirmed here: 667# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 668# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 669# posted in English). 670# 671# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 672# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 673 674# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 675# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 676# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 677# of September: 678# 679# One article about it (in French): 680# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 681# 682# We have some further details posted here: 683# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 684 685# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 686# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 687# to many sources, such as 688# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 689# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 690# (French) 691# 692# Our summary: 693# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 694 695# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 696# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 697# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 698# 699# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 700# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 701# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 702# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 703# 704# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 705# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 706 707# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 708# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 709# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 710# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 711# 712# Example: 713# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 714# (French) 715# Our page: 716# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 717 718# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 719# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 720# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 721# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 722# ...Official links of change in morocco 723# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 724# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 725# +212.537.71.84.00 726# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 727# They said that 728# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 729# is the official publication to look at. 730# They said that the decision was already taken. 731# 732# More articles in the press 733# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 734# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 735# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 736 737# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 738# They have it written in English here: 739# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 740# 741# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 742# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 743# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 744# also been like that in the past. 745 746# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 747# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 748# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 749# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 750# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 751# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 752# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 753# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 754# except the month of Ramadan. 755# or (brief) 756# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 757 758# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 759# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 760# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 761# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 762# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 763# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 764 765# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 766# Seen Morocco change again: 767# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 768# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 769# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 770 771# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 772# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 773# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 774# 775# Google translation, lightly edited: 776# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 777# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 778# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 779# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 780# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 781# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 782# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 783# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 784# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 785 786# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 787# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 788# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 789# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 790# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 791# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 792 793# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 794# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 795# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 796# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 797 798# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 799# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 800# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 801# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 802# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 803# source (French): 804# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 805# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 806# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 807 808# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 809# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 810 811# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 812# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 813# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 814# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 815# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 816 817# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 818# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 819# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 820# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 821# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 822# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 823# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 824# Source (french): 825# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 826# 827# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 828# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 829# 830# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 831# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 832# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 833# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 834# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 835# with the patch. 836 837# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 838# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 839# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 840# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 841# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 842# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 843# results integrated by hand into the table below. 844# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 845# (require 'cal-islam) 846# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 847# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 848# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 849# (sunday 0)) 850# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 851# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 852# (setq b (1+ b))) 853# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 854# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 855# (insert 856# (format 857# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 858# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 859# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 860# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 861# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 862 863# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 864 865Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 866Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 867Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 868Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 869Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 870Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 871Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 872Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 873Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 874Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 875Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 876Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 877Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 878Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 879Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 880Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 881Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 882Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 883Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 884Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 885Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 886Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 887Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 888Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 889Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 890Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 891Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 893Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 894Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 895Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 896Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 897Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 898Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 899Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 900Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 901Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 902Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 903Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 904Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 905Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 906Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 907Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 908Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 909Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 910Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 913Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 914Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 915Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 916Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 917Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 918Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 919 920# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 921Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 922 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 923 1:00 - CET 1986 924 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 925 926# Western Sahara 927# 928# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 929# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 930# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 931# Morocco does. 932# 933# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 934# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 935# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 936 937Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 938 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 939 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 940 941# Mozambique 942# 943# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 944# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 945# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 946# merely made it official? 947# 948# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 949Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 950 2:00 - CAT 951Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 952Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 953Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 954Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 955Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 956Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 957Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 958 959 960# Namibia 961 962# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 963# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 964# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 965# and includes this nugget: 966# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 967# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 968# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 969# Sunday 4 September 1994. 970 971# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 972# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 973# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 974# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 975# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 976# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 977# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 978# of the country. 979# 980# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 981# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 982# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 983# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 984# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 985# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 986 987# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 988# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 989# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 990# This video is from the government decision: 991# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 992# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 993# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 994# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 995 996# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 997Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 998Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 999Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1000# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1001Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1002 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1003 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1004 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1005 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1006 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1007 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00 1008 2:00 - CAT 1009 1010# Niger 1011# See Africa/Lagos. 1012 1013# Nigeria 1014# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1015Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1016 1:00 - WAT 1017Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1018Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1019Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1020Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1021Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1022Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1023Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1024Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1025Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1026 1027# R��union 1028# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1029Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1030 4:00 - +04 1031# 1032# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1033# 1034# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1035# The following information about them is taken from 1036# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1037# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1038# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1039# 1040# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1041# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1042# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1043# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1044# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1045 1046# Rwanda 1047# See Africa/Maputo. 1048 1049# St Helena 1050# See Africa/Abidjan. 1051# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1052# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1053# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1054# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1055# on GMT, says the CIA 1056# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1057 1058# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1059 1060# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1061 1062# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1063# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1064# they entered the year 2018. 1065# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1066# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1067# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1068 1069Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1070 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1071 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1072 1:00 - WAT 1073 1074# Senegal 1075# See Africa/Abidjan. 1076 1077# Seychelles 1078# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1079Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1080 4:00 - +04 1081# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1082# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1083# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1084# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1085# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1086# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1087 1088# Sierra Leone 1089# See Africa/Abidjan. 1090 1091# Somalia 1092# See Africa/Nairobi. 1093 1094# South Africa 1095# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1096Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1097Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1098# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1099Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1100 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1101 2:00 SA SAST 1102Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1103Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1104# 1105# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1106# scientific station since 1947 1107# no information 1108 1109# Sudan 1110 1111# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1112# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1113# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1114# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1115# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1116# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1117 1118# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1119# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1120# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1121# 1122# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1123# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1124# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1125# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1126# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1127 1128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1129Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1130Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1131Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1132Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1133# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1134Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1135 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1136 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1137 2:00 - CAT 1138 1139# South Sudan 1140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1141Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1142 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1143 3:00 - EAT 1144 1145# Swaziland 1146# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1147 1148# Tanzania 1149# See Africa/Nairobi. 1150 1151# Togo 1152# See Africa/Abidjan. 1153 1154# Tunisia 1155 1156# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1157# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1158# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1159# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1160# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1161# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1162# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1163# Saturday." (My translation) 1164# 1165# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1166# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1167# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1168# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1169# 1h standard time. 1170# 1171# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1172# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1173# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1174# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1175# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1176 1177# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1178# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1179# (Arabic) 1180# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1181# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1182# 1183# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1184# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1185# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1186 1187# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1188# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1189# 1190# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1191# 1192# (in English) 1193# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1194# 1195# (in Arabic) 1196# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1197 1198# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1199# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1200# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1201# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1202# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1203# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1204 1205# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1206# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1207# 1208# (translation): 1209# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1210# Sunday... 1211# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1212# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1213# 1214# (in Arabic) 1215# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1216# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1217# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1218 1219# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1220Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1221Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1222Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1223Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1224Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1225Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1226Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1227Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1228Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1229Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1230Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1231Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1232Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1233Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1234Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1235Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1236Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1237Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1238Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1239Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1240Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1241Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1242Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1243Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1244Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1245 1246# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1247# more precise 0:09:21. 1248# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1250Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1251 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1252 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1253 1254# Uganda 1255# See Africa/Nairobi. 1256 1257# Zambia 1258# Zimbabwe 1259# See Africa/Maputo. 1260