africa revision 1.53
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.53 2017/10/23 16:14:16 millert Exp $ 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 8# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9 10# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20): 11# 12# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 16# 17# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 18# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 19# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 20# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 21# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 22# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 30# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 36# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 37# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 38# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 39# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 40# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 41# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 42# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 43# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 44# 45# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 46# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 47# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 48# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 49# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 50# +01 WAT West Africa Time 51# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 52# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 53# cannot now come up with solid citations. 54# 55# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 56# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 57# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 58# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 59# +03 EAT East Africa Time 60# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 61# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 62 63# Algeria 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 66Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 67Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 87# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 88# more precise 0:09:21. 89# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 90Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 91 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 92 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 93 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 94 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 95 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 96 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 97 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 99 1:00 - CET 100 101# Angola 102# Benin 103# See Africa/Lagos. 104 105# Botswana 106# See Africa/Maputo. 107 108# Burkina Faso 109# See Africa/Abidjan. 110 111# Burundi 112# See Africa/Maputo. 113 114# Cameroon 115# See Africa/Lagos. 116 117# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 118# 119# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 120# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 121# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 122# merely made it official? 123# 124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 125Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 126 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 127 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 128 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 129 -1:00 - -01 130 131# Central African Republic 132# See Africa/Lagos. 133 134# Chad 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 137 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 138 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 139 1:00 - WAT 140 141# Comoros 142# See Africa/Nairobi. 143 144# Democratic Republic of the Congo 145# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 146 147# Republic of the Congo 148# See Africa/Lagos. 149 150# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 153 0:00 - GMT 154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 163Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 164 165# Djibouti 166# See Africa/Nairobi. 167 168############################################################################### 169 170# Egypt 171 172# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 173# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 174# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 175# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 176 177# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 178Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 179Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 180Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 181Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 182Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 183Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 184Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 185Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 186Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 187Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 188Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 190Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 191Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 192Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 197# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 198# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 199 200# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 201# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 202# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 203# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 204# 205# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 206# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 207# or 208# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 209Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 211# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 212# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 213# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 214# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 215# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 216Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 217# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 218# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 219# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 220# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 221# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 222# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 223# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 224# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 225Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 226# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 227# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 228# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 229# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 230# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 231# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 232# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 233# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 234# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 235 236# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 237# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 238# 239# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 240# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 241# Apr 23 242# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 243# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 244# Apr 24 245# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 246# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 247# Aug 27 248# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 249# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 250# Aug 27 251# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 252# 253# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 254# :59) 255# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 256# 257# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 258# 259# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 260# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 261# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 262 263# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 264# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 265# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 266# in September. 267 268# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 269# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 270# Information and Decision Support Center: 271# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 272# 273# The Middle East News Agency 274# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 275# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 276# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 277# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 278# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 279# (at least today). 280 281# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 282# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 283# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 284# Ramadan. 285# 286# Arabic translation: 287# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 288# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 289# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 290 291# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 292# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 293# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 294 295# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 296# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 297 298# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 299# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 300# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 301# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 302# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 303# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 304# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 305# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 306# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 307# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 308# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 309# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 310 311# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 312# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 313# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 314# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 315# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 316# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 317 318# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 319# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 320# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 321# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 322# dates not yet announced.... 323# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 324# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 325 326# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 327# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 328# least for 2015. 329# 330# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 331# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 332# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 333# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 334# practice altogether in future years." 335# 336# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 337# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 338# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 339# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 340 341# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 342# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 343# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 344# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 345# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 346 347Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 348Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 349Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 350Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 351Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 352Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 353Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 354Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 355Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 356 357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 359 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 360 361# Equatorial Guinea 362# See Africa/Lagos. 363 364# Eritrea 365# Ethiopia 366# See Africa/Nairobi. 367 368# Gabon 369# See Africa/Lagos. 370 371# Gambia 372# See Africa/Abidjan. 373 374# Ghana 375# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 376# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 377# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 378# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 379# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 380# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 381# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 382Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 383Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 386 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 387 388# Guinea 389# See Africa/Abidjan. 390 391# Guinea-Bissau 392# 393# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 394# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 395# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 396# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 397# 398# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 399Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 400 -1:00 - -01 1975 401 0:00 - GMT 402 403# Kenya 404# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 405Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 406 3:00 - EAT 1930 407 2:30 - +0230 1940 408 2:45 - +0245 1960 409 3:00 - EAT 410Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 411Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 412Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 413Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 414Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 415Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 416Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 417Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 418Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 419 420# Lesotho 421# See Africa/Johannesburg. 422 423# Liberia 424# 425# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 426# 427# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 428# 429# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset 430# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 431# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 432# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 433# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 434# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 435# 436# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 437# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 438# 439# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 441 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 442 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 443 0:00 - GMT 444 445############################################################################### 446 447# Libya 448 449# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 450# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 451# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 452# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 453# 454# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 455# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 456# 457# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 458# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 459# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 460# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 461# lastFri instead of lastSun). 462 463# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 464# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 465# cancelled yesterday.... 466# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 467# 468# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 469# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 470 471# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 472Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 473Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 474Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 475Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 476Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 477Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 478Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 479Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 480Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 481Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 482Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 483Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 484Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 485Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 486Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 487Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 488Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 489# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 492 2:00 - EET 1982 493 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 494# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 495# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 496 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 497 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 498 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 499 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 500 2:00 - EET 501 502# Madagascar 503# See Africa/Nairobi. 504 505# Malawi 506# See Africa/Maputo. 507 508# Mali 509# Mauritania 510# See Africa/Abidjan. 511 512# Mauritius 513 514# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 515# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 516# basis.... 517# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 518# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 519# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 520 521# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 522# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 523 524# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 525# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 526# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 527# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 528 529# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 530# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 531 532# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 533# According to 534# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 535# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 536# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 537# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 538# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 539# 540# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 541# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 542# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 543# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 544# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 545# changes two days later. 546 547# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 548# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 549# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 550# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 551# 552# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 553# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 554# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 555# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 556 557# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 558# The Government of Mauritius weblink 559# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 560# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 561# 562# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 563# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 564# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 565# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 566# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 567# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 568# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 569# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 570# and end on 29 March 2009. 571 572# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 573# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 574# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 575# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 576# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 577 578# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 579# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 580# DST the coming summer... 581# 582# Some sources, in French: 583# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 584# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 585# 586# Our wrap-up: 587# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 588 589# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 590# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 591# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 592# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 593 594# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 595Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 596Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 597Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 598Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 599# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 600Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 601 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 602# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 603# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 604 605# Mayotte 606# See Africa/Nairobi. 607 608# Morocco 609# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 610 611# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 612# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 613# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 614# 615# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 616# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 617# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 618# 619# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 620# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 621 622# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 623# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 624# Presse: 625# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 626# 627# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 628# spokesman. 629 630# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 631# According to this article: 632# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 633# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 634# the changes occur at midnight: 635# 636# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 637# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 638# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 639# 640# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 641# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 642# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 643# June 1st to Sept 27th. 644# 645# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 646# published on the web. 647# 648# It's also confirmed here: 649# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 650# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 651# posted in English). 652# 653# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 654# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 655 656# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 657# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 658# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 659# of September: 660# 661# One article about it (in French): 662# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 663# 664# We have some further details posted here: 665# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 666 667# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 668# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 669# to many sources, such as 670# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 671# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 672# (French) 673# 674# Our summary: 675# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 676 677# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 678# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 679# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 680# 681# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 682# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 683# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 684# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 685# 686# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 687# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 688 689# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 690# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 691# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 692# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 693# 694# Example: 695# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 696# (French) 697# Our page: 698# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 699 700# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 701# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 702# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 703# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 704# ...Official links of change in morocco 705# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 706# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 707# +212.537.71.84.00 708# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 709# They said that 710# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 711# is the official publication to look at. 712# They said that the decision was already taken. 713# 714# More articles in the press 715# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 716# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 717# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 718 719# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 720# They have it written in English here: 721# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 722# 723# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 724# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 725# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 726# also been like that in the past. 727 728# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 729# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 730# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 731# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 732# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 733# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 734# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 735# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 736# except the month of Ramadan. 737# or (brief) 738# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 739 740# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 741# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 742# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 743# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 744# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 745# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 746 747# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 748# Seen Morocco change again: 749# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 750# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 751# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 752 753# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 754# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 755# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 756# 757# Google translation, lightly edited: 758# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 759# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 760# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 761# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 762# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 763# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 764# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 765# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 766# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 767 768# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 769# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 770# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 771# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 772# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 773# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 774 775# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 776# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 777# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 778# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 779 780# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 781# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 782# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 783# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 784# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 785# source (French): 786# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 787# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 788# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 789 790# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 791# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 792 793# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 794# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 795# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 796# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 797# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 798 799# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 800# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 801# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 802# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 803# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 804# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 805# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 806# Source (french): 807# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 808# 809# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 810# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 811# 812# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 813# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 814# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 815# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 816# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 817# with the patch. 818 819# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 820# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 821# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 822# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 823# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 824# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 825# results integrated by hand into the table below. 826# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 827# (require 'cal-islam) 828# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 829# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 830# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 831# (sunday 0)) 832# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 833# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 834# (setq b (1+ b))) 835# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 836# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 837# (insert 838# (format 839# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 840# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 841# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 842# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 843# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 844 845# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 846 847Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 848Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 849Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 850Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 851Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 852Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 853Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 854Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 855Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 856Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 857Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 858Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 859Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 860Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 861Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 862Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 863Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 864Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 865Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 866Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 867Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 868Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 869Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 870Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 872Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 873Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 874Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 875Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 876Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 877Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 878Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 879Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 880Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 881Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 882Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 883Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 884Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 886Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 888Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 890Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 892Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 893Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 894Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 896Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 898Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 899Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 901 902# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 903Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 904 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 905 1:00 - CET 1986 906 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 907 908# Western Sahara 909# 910# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 911# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 912# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 913# Morocco does. 914# 915# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 916# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 917# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 918 919Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 920 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 921 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 922 923# Mozambique 924# 925# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 926# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 927# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 928# merely made it official? 929# 930# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 931Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 932 2:00 - CAT 933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 938Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 939Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 940 941 942# Namibia 943 944# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 945# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 946# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 947# and includes this nugget: 948# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 949# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 950# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 951# Sunday 4 September 1994. 952 953# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 954# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 955# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 956# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 957# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 958# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 959# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 960# of the country. 961# 962# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 963# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 964# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 965# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 966# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 967# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 968 969# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 970# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 971# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 972# This video is from the government decision: 973# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 974# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 975# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 976# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 977 978# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 979Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 980Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 981Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 982# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 983Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 984 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 985 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 986 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 987 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 988 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 989 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00 990 2:00 - CAT 991 992# Niger 993# See Africa/Lagos. 994 995# Nigeria 996# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 997Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 998 1:00 - WAT 999Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1000Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1001Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1002Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1003Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1004Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1005Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1006Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1007Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1008 1009# R��union 1010# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1011Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1012 4:00 - +04 1013# 1014# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1015# 1016# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1017# The following information about them is taken from 1018# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1019# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1020# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1021# 1022# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1023# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1024# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1025# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1026# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1027 1028# Rwanda 1029# See Africa/Maputo. 1030 1031# St Helena 1032# See Africa/Abidjan. 1033# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1034# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1035# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1036# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1037# on GMT, says the CIA 1038# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1039 1040# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1041# Senegal 1042# See Africa/Abidjan. 1043 1044# Seychelles 1045# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1046Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1047 4:00 - +04 1048# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1049# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1050# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1051# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1052# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1053# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1054 1055# Sierra Leone 1056# See Africa/Abidjan. 1057 1058# Somalia 1059# See Africa/Nairobi. 1060 1061# South Africa 1062# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1063Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1064Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1065# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1066Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1067 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1068 2:00 SA SAST 1069Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1070Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1071# 1072# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1073# scientific station since 1947 1074# no information 1075 1076# Sudan 1077 1078# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1079# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1080# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1081# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1082# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1083# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1084 1085# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1086# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1087# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1088# 1089# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1090# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1091# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1092# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1093# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1094 1095# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1096Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1097Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1098Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1099Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1100# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1101Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1102 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1103 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1104 2:00 - CAT 1105 1106# South Sudan 1107# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1108Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1109 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1110 3:00 - EAT 1111 1112# Swaziland 1113# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1114 1115# Tanzania 1116# See Africa/Nairobi. 1117 1118# Togo 1119# See Africa/Abidjan. 1120 1121# Tunisia 1122 1123# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1124# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1125# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1126# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1127# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1128# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1129# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1130# Saturday." (My translation) 1131# 1132# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1133# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1134# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1135# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1136# 1h standard time. 1137# 1138# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1139# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1140# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1141# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1142# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1143 1144# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1145# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1146# (Arabic) 1147# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1148# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1149# 1150# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1151# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1152# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1153 1154# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1155# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1156# 1157# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1158# 1159# (in English) 1160# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1161# 1162# (in Arabic) 1163# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1164 1165# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1166# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1167# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1168# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1169# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1170# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1171 1172# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1173# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1174# 1175# (translation): 1176# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1177# Sunday... 1178# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1179# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1180# 1181# (in Arabic) 1182# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1183# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1184# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1185 1186# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1187Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1188Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1189Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1190Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1191Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1192Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1193Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1194Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1195Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1196Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1197Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1198Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1199Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1200Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1201Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1202Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1203Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1204Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1205Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1206Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1207Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1208Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1209Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1210Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1211Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1212 1213# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1214# more precise 0:09:21. 1215# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1216# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1217Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1218 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1219 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1220 1221# Uganda 1222# See Africa/Nairobi. 1223 1224# Zambia 1225# Zimbabwe 1226# See Africa/Maputo. 1227