africa revision 1.49
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.49 2016/09/28 21:12:14 millert Exp $ 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 8# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9 10# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 11# 12# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 16# 17# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 18# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 19# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 20# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 21# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 22# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 30# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37# but Mark R V Murray reports that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43# 44# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49# 50# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59# until we get more information. 60# 61# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68 69# Algeria 70# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 73Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 91Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 92Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 93# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 94# more precise 0:09:21. 95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 97 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 99 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 100 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 101 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 102 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 103 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 104 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 105 1:00 - CET 106 107# Angola 108# Benin 109# See Africa/Lagos. 110 111# Botswana 112# See Africa/Maputo. 113 114# Burkina Faso 115# See Africa/Abidjan. 116 117# Burundi 118# See Africa/Maputo. 119 120# Cameroon 121# See Africa/Lagos. 122 123# Cape Verde 124# 125# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 126# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 127# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 128# merely made it official? 129# 130# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 132 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 133 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 134 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 135 -1:00 - CVT 136 137# Central African Republic 138# See Africa/Lagos. 139 140# Chad 141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 143 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 144 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 145 1:00 - WAT 146 147# Comoros 148# See Africa/Nairobi. 149 150# Democratic Republic of the Congo 151# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 152 153# Republic of the Congo 154# See Africa/Lagos. 155 156# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 159 0:00 - GMT 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 166Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 167Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 168Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 169Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 170 171# Djibouti 172# See Africa/Nairobi. 173 174############################################################################### 175 176# Egypt 177 178# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 179# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 180# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 181# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 182 183# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 184Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 185Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 186Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 187Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 188Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 189Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 191Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 194Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 197Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 198Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 199Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 200Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 202Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 203# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 204# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 205 206# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 207# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 208# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 209# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 210# 211# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 212# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 213# or 214# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 215Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 216Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 217# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 218# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 219# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 220# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 221# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 222Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 223# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 224# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 225# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 226# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 227# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 228# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 229# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 230# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 231Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 232# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 233# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 234# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 235# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 236# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 237# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 238# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 239# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 240# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 241 242# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 243# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 244# 245# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 246# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 247# Apr 23 248# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 249# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 250# Apr 24 251# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 252# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 253# Aug 27 254# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 255# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 256# Aug 27 257# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 258# 259# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 260# :59) 261# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 262# 263# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 264# 265# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 266# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 267# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 268 269# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 270# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 271# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 272# in September. 273 274# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 275# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 276# Information and Decision Support Center: 277# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 278# 279# The Middle East News Agency 280# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 281# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 282# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 283# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 284# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 285# (at least today). 286 287# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 288# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 289# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 290# Ramadan. 291# 292# Arabic translation: 293# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 294# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 296 297# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 298# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 299# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 300 301# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 302# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 303 304# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 305# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 306# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 307# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 308# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 309# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 310# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 311# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 312# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 313# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 314# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 315# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 316 317# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 318# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 319# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 320# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 321# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 322# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 323 324# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 325# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 326# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 327# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 328# dates not yet announced.... 329# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 330# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 331 332# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 333# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 334# least for 2015. 335# 336# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 337# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 338# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 339# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 340# practice altogether in future years." 341# 342# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 343# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 344# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 345# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 346 347# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 348# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 349# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 350# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 351# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 352 353Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 354Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 355Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 356Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 357Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 358Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 359Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 360Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 361Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 362 363# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 364Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 365 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 366 367# Equatorial Guinea 368# See Africa/Lagos. 369 370# Eritrea 371# Ethiopia 372# See Africa/Nairobi. 373 374# Gabon 375# See Africa/Lagos. 376 377# Gambia 378# See Africa/Abidjan. 379 380# Ghana 381# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 382# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 383# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 384# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 385# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 386# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 387# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 388Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 389Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 392 0:00 Ghana %s 393 394# Guinea 395# See Africa/Abidjan. 396 397# Guinea-Bissau 398# 399# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 400# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 401# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 402# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 403# 404# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 405Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 406 -1:00 - WAT 1975 407 0:00 - GMT 408 409# Kenya 410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 411Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 412 3:00 - EAT 1930 413 2:30 - BEAT 1940 414 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 415 3:00 - EAT 416Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 417Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 418Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 419Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 420Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 421Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 422Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 423Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 424Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 425 426# Lesotho 427# See Africa/Johannesburg. 428 429# Liberia 430# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 431# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 432# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 433# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 434# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 435# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 436# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 437# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 438# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 440 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 441 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 442 0:00 - GMT 443 444############################################################################### 445 446# Libya 447 448# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 449# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 450# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 451# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 452# 453# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 454# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 455# 456# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 457# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 458# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 459# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 460# lastFri instead of lastSun). 461 462# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 463# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 464# cancelled yesterday.... 465# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 466# 467# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 468# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 469 470# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 471Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 472Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 473Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 474Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 475Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 476Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 477Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 478Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 479Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 480Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 481Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 482Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 483Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 484Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 485Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 486Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 487Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 488# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 489Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 491 2:00 - EET 1982 492 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 493# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 494# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 495 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 496 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 497 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 498 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 499 2:00 - EET 500 501# Madagascar 502# See Africa/Nairobi. 503 504# Malawi 505# See Africa/Maputo. 506 507# Mali 508# Mauritania 509# See Africa/Abidjan. 510 511# Mauritius 512 513# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 514# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 515# basis.... 516# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 517# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 518# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 519 520# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 521# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 522 523# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 524# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 525# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 526# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 527 528# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 529# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 530 531# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 532# According to 533# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 534# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 535# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 536# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 537# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 538# 539# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 540# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 541# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 542# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 543# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 544# changes two days later. 545 546# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 547# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 548# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 549# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 550# 551# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 552# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 553# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 554# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 555 556# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 557# The Government of Mauritius weblink 558# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 559# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 560# 561# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 562# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 563# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 564# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 565# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 566# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 567# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 568# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 569# and end on 29 March 2009. 570 571# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 572# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 573# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 574# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 575# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 576 577# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 578# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 579# DST the coming summer... 580# 581# Some sources, in French: 582# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 583# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 584# 585# Our wrap-up: 586# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 587 588# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 589# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 590# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 591# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 592 593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 594Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 595Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 596Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 597Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 599Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 600 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 601# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 602# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 603 604# Mayotte 605# See Africa/Nairobi. 606 607# Morocco 608# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 609 610# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 611# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 612# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 613# 614# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 615# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 616# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 617# 618# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 619# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 620 621# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 622# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 623# Presse: 624# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 625# 626# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 627# spokesman. 628 629# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 630# According to this article: 631# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 632# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 633# the changes occur at midnight: 634# 635# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 636# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 637# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 638# 639# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 640# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 641# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 642# June 1st to Sept 27th. 643# 644# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 645# published on the web. 646# 647# It's also confirmed here: 648# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 649# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 650# posted in English). 651# 652# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 653# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 654 655# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 656# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 657# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 658# of September: 659# 660# One article about it (in French): 661# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 662# 663# We have some further details posted here: 664# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 665 666# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 667# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 668# to many sources, such as 669# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 670# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 671# (French) 672# 673# Our summary: 674# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 675 676# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 677# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 678# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 679# 680# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 681# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 682# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 683# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 684# 685# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 686# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 687 688# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 689# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 690# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 691# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 692# 693# Example: 694# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 695# (French) 696# Our page: 697# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 698 699# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 700# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 701# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 702# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 703# ...Official links of change in morocco 704# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 705# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 706# +212.537.71.84.00 707# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 708# They said that 709# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 710# is the official publication to look at. 711# They said that the decision was already taken. 712# 713# More articles in the press 714# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 715# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 716# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 717 718# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 719# They have it written in English here: 720# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 721# 722# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 723# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 724# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 725# also been like that in the past. 726 727# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 728# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 729# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 730# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 731# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 732# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 733# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 734# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 735# except the month of Ramadan. 736# or (brief) 737# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 738 739# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 740# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 741# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 742# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 743# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 744# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 745 746# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 747# Seen Morocco change again: 748# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 749# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 750# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 751 752# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 753# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 754# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 755# 756# Google translation, lightly edited: 757# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 758# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 759# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 760# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 761# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 762# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 763# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 764# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 765# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 766 767# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 768# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 769# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 770# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 771# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 772# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 773 774# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 775# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 776# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 777# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 778 779# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 780# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 781# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 782# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 783# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 784# source (French): 785# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 786# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 787# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 788 789# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 790# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 791 792# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 793# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 794# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 795# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 796# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 797 798# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 799# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 800# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 801# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 802# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 803# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 804# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 805# Source (french): 806# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 807# 808# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 809# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 810# 811# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 812# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 813# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 814# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 815# <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 816# with the patch. 817 818# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 819# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 820# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 821# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 822# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 823# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 824# results integrated by hand into the table below. 825# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 826# (require 'cal-islam) 827# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 828# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 829# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 830# (sunday 0)) 831# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 832# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 833# (setq b (1+ b))) 834# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 835# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 836# (insert 837# (format 838# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 839# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 840# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 841# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 842# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 843 844# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 845 846Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 847Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 848Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 849Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 850Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 851Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 852Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 853Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 854Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 855Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 856Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 857Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 858Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 859Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 860Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 861Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 862Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 863Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 864Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 865Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 866Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 867Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 868Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 869Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 870Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 872Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 873Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 874Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 875Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 876Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 877Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 878Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 879Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 880Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 881Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 882Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 883Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 884Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 885Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 886Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 887Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 888Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 889Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 890Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 891Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 894Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 896Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 898Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 899Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 900 901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 902Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 903 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 904 1:00 - CET 1986 905 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 906 907# Western Sahara 908# 909# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 910# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 911# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 912# Morocco does. 913# 914# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 915# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 916# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 917 918Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 919 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 921 922# Mozambique 923# 924# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 925# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 926# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 927# merely made it official? 928# 929# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 930Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 931 2:00 - CAT 932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 938Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 939 940# Namibia 941# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 942# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 943 944# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 945# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 946# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 947# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 948# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 949# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 950# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 951# of the country. 952# 953# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 954# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 955# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 956 957# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 958Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 959Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 960# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 961Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 962 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 963 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 964 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 965 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 966 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 967 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 968 969# Niger 970# See Africa/Lagos. 971 972# Nigeria 973# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 974Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 975 1:00 - WAT 976Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 977Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 978Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 979Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 980Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 981Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 982Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 983Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 984Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 985 986# R��union 987# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 988Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 989 4:00 - RET # R��union Time 990# 991# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 992# 993# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 994# The following information about them is taken from 995# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 996# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 997# We have no info about their time zone histories. 998# 999# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1000# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1001# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1002# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1003# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1004 1005# Rwanda 1006# See Africa/Maputo. 1007 1008# St Helena 1009# See Africa/Abidjan. 1010# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1011# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1012# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1013# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1014# on GMT, says the CIA 1015# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1016 1017# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1018# Senegal 1019# See Africa/Abidjan. 1020 1021# Seychelles 1022# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1023Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1024 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1025# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1026# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1027# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1028# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1029# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1030# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1031 1032# Sierra Leone 1033# See Africa/Abidjan. 1034 1035# Somalia 1036# See Africa/Nairobi. 1037 1038# South Africa 1039# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1040Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1041Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1042# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1043Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1044 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1045 2:00 SA SAST 1046Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1047Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1048# 1049# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1050# scientific station since 1947 1051# no information 1052 1053# Sudan 1054# 1055# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1056# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1057# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1058# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1059# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1060# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1061# 1062# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1063Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1064Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1065Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1066Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1067# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1068Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1069 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1070 3:00 - EAT 1071 1072# South Sudan 1073Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1074 1075# Swaziland 1076# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1077 1078# Tanzania 1079# See Africa/Nairobi. 1080 1081# Togo 1082# See Africa/Abidjan. 1083 1084# Tunisia 1085 1086# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1087# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1088# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1089# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1090# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1091# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1092# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1093# Saturday." (My translation) 1094# 1095# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1096# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1097# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1098# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1099# 1h standard time. 1100# 1101# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1102# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1103# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1104# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1105# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1106 1107# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1108# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1109# (Arabic) 1110# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1111# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1112# 1113# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1114# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1115# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1116 1117# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1118# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1119# 1120# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1121# 1122# (in English) 1123# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1124# 1125# (in Arabic) 1126# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1127 1128# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1129# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1130# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1131# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1132# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1133# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1134 1135# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1136# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1137# 1138# (translation): 1139# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1140# Sunday... 1141# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1142# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1143# 1144# (in Arabic) 1145# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1146# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1147# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1148 1149# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1150Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1151Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1152Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1153Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1154Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1155Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1156Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1157Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1158Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1159Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1160Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1161Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1162Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1163Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1164Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1165Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1166Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1167Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1168Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1169Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1170Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1171Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1172Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1173Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1174Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1175 1176# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1177# more precise 0:09:21. 1178# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1180Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1181 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1182 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1183 1184# Uganda 1185# See Africa/Nairobi. 1186 1187# Zambia 1188# Zimbabwe 1189# See Africa/Maputo. 1190