africa revision 1.43
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.43 2014/10/02 21:04:03 millert Exp $ 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 8# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 9 10# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 11# 12# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. 21# 22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 23# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 34# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 35# 36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 38# but Mark R V Murray reports that 39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 43# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 44# 45# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 46# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 47# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 48# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 49# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 50# 51# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 52# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 53# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 54# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 55# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 56# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 57# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 58# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 59# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 60# until we get more information. 61# 62# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 63# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 64# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 65# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 68# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 69# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 70 71# Algeria 72# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 73Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 89Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 90Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 91Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 92Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 93Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 94Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 95# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 96# more precise 0:09:21. 97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 98Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 99 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 101 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 102 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 103 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 104 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 105 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 106 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 107 1:00 - CET 108 109# Angola 110# Benin 111# See Africa/Lagos. 112 113# Botswana 114# See Africa/Maputo. 115 116# Burkina Faso 117# See Africa/Abidjan. 118 119# Burundi 120# See Africa/Maputo. 121 122# Cameroon 123# See Africa/Lagos. 124 125# Cape Verde 126# 127# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 128# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 129# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 130# merely made it official? 131# 132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 134 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 135 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 136 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 137 -1:00 - CVT 138 139# Central African Republic 140# See Africa/Lagos. 141 142# Chad 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 145 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 146 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 147 1:00 - WAT 148 149# Comoros 150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 152 3:00 - EAT 153 154# Democratic Republic of the Congo 155# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 156 157# Republic of the Congo 158# See Africa/Lagos. 159 160# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 163 0:00 - GMT 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 166Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 167Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 168Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 169Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 170Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 171Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 172Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 173Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 174 175# Djibouti 176# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 177Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 178 3:00 - EAT 179 180############################################################################### 181 182# Egypt 183 184# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 185# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 186# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 187# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 188 189# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 190Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 192Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 194Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 196Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 197Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 199Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 200Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 202Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 203Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 204Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 205Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 206Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 207Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 208Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 209# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 210# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 211 212# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 213# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 214# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 215# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 216# 217# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 218# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 219# or 220# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 221Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 223# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 224# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 225# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 226# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 227# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 228Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 229# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 230# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 231# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 232# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 233# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 234# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 235# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 236# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 237Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 238# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 239# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 240# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 241# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 242# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 243# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 244# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 245# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 246# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 247 248# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 249# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 250# 251# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 252# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 253# Apr 23 254# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 255# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 256# Apr 24 257# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 258# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 259# Aug 27 260# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 261# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 262# Aug 27 263# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 264# 265# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 266# :59) 267# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 268# 269# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 270# 271# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 272# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 273# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 274 275# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 276# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 277# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 278# in September. 279 280# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 281# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 282# Information and Decision Support Center: 283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 284# 285# The Middle East News Agency 286# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 287# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 288# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 289# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 290# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 291# (at least today). 292 293# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 294# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 295# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 296# Ramadan. 297# 298# Arabic translation: 299# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 300# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 301# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 302 303# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 304# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 305# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 306 307# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 308# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 309 310# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 311# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 312# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 313# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 314# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 315# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 316# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 317# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 318# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 319# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 320# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 321# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 322 323# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 324# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 325# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 326# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 327# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 328# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 329# 330# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 331# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 332# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 333# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 334# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 335# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 336# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 337# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 338# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 339# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 340# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 341# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 342# (friday 5)) 343# (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 344# (setq a (1- a))) 345# (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 346# (setq b (1+ b))) 347# (setq a (1- a)) 348# (setq b (1- b)) 349# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 350# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 351# (insert 352# (format 353# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 354# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 355# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 356# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 357# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 358Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 359Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 360Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 361Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 362Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 363Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 364Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 365Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 366Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 367Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 368Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 369Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 370Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 371Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 372Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 373Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 374Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 375Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 376Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 377Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 378Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 379Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 380Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 381Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 382 383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 385 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 386 387# Equatorial Guinea 388# See Africa/Lagos. 389 390# Eritrea 391# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 392Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 393 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 394 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 395 3:00 - EAT 396 397# Ethiopia 398# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 399# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 400# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 401# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 402# 403# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 404# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 405# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 406# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong 407# anyway. 408# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 410 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 411 3:00 - EAT 412 413# Gabon 414# See Africa/Lagos. 415 416# Gambia 417# See Africa/Abidjan. 418 419# Ghana 420# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 421# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 422# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 423# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 424# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 425# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 426# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 427Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 428Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 429# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 430Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 431 0:00 Ghana %s 432 433# Guinea 434# See Africa/Abidjan. 435 436# Guinea-Bissau 437# 438# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 439# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 440# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 441# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 442# 443# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 445 -1:00 - WAT 1975 446 0:00 - GMT 447 448# Kenya 449# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 450Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 451 3:00 - EAT 1930 452 2:30 - BEAT 1940 453 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 454 3:00 - EAT 455 456# Lesotho 457# See Africa/Johannesburg. 458 459# Liberia 460# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 461# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 462# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 463# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 464# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 465# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 466# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 467# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 468# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 469Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 470 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 471 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 472 0:00 - GMT 473 474############################################################################### 475 476# Libya 477 478# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 479# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 480# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 481# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 482# 483# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 484# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 485# 486# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 487# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 488# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 489# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 490# lastFri instead of lastSun). 491 492# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 493# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 494# cancelled yesterday.... 495# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 496# 497# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 498# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 499 500# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 501Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 502Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 503Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 504Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 505Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 506Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 507Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 508Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 509Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 510Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 511Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 512Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 513Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 514Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 515Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 516Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 517Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 520 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 521 2:00 - EET 1982 522 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 523# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 524# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 525 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 526 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 527 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 528 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 529 2:00 - EET 530 531# Madagascar 532# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 533Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 534 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 535 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 536 3:00 - EAT 537 538# Malawi 539# See Africa/Maputo. 540 541# Mali 542# Mauritania 543# See Africa/Abidjan. 544 545# Mauritius 546 547# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 548# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 549# basis.... 550# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 551# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 552# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 553 554# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 555# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 556 557# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 558# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 559# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 560# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 561 562# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 563# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 564 565# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 566# According to 567# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 568# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 569# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 570# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 571# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 572# 573# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 574# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 575# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 576# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 577# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 578# changes two days later. 579 580# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 581# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 582# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 583# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 584# 585# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 586# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 587# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 588# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 589 590# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 591# The Government of Mauritius weblink 592# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 593# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 594# 595# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 596# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 597# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 598# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 599# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 600# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 601# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 602# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 603# and end on 29 March 2009. 604 605# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 606# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 607# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 608# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 609# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 610 611# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 612# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 613# DST the coming summer... 614# 615# Some sources, in French: 616# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 617# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 618# 619# Our wrap-up: 620# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 621 622# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 623# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 624# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 625# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 626 627# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 628Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 629Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 630Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 631Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 632# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 633Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 634 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 635# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 636# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 637 638# Mayotte 639# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 640Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 641 3:00 - EAT 642 643# Morocco 644# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 645 646# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 647# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 648# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 649# 650# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 651# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 652# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 653# 654# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 655# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 656 657# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 658# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 659# Presse: 660# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 661# 662# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 663# spokesman. 664 665# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 666# According to this article: 667# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 668# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 669# the changes occur at midnight: 670# 671# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 672# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 673# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 674# 675# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 676# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 677# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 678# June 1st to Sept 27th. 679# 680# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 681# published on the web. 682# 683# It's also confirmed here: 684# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 685# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 686# posted in English). 687# 688# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 689# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 690 691# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 692# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 693# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 694# of September: 695# 696# One article about it (in French): 697# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 698# 699# We have some further details posted here: 700# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 701 702# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 703# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 704# to many sources, such as 705# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 706# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 707# (French) 708# 709# Our summary: 710# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 711 712# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 713# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 714# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 715# 716# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 717# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 718# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 719# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 720# 721# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 722# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 723 724# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 725# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 726# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 727# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 728# 729# Example: 730# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 731# (French) 732# Our page: 733# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 734 735# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 736# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 737# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 738# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 739# ...Official links of change in morocco 740# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 741# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 742# +212.537.71.84.00 743# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 744# They said that 745# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 746# is the official publication to look at. 747# They said that the decision was already taken. 748# 749# More articles in the press 750# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 751# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 752# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 753 754# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 755# They have it written in English here: 756# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 757# 758# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 759# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 760# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 761# also been like that in the past. 762 763# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 764# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 765# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 766# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 767# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 768# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 769# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 770# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 771# except the month of Ramadan. 772# or (brief) 773# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 774 775# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 776# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 777# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 778# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 779# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 780# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 781 782# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 783# Seen Morocco change again: 784# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 785# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 786# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 787 788# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 789# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 790# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 791# 792# Google translation, lightly edited: 793# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 794# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 795# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 796# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 797# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 798# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 799# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 800# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 801# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 802 803# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 804# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 805# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 806# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 807# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 808# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 809 810# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 811# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 812# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 813# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 814 815# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 816# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 817# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 818# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 819# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 820# source (French): 821# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 822# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 823# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 824 825# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 826# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 827 828# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 829# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 830# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 831# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 832# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 833 834# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 835# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 836# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 837# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 838# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 839# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 840# results integrated by hand into the table below. 841# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 842# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 843# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 844# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 845# (saturday 6)) 846# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 847# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 848# (setq b (1+ b))) 849# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 850# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 851# (insert 852# (format 853# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 854# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 855# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 856# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 857# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 858 859# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 860 861Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 862Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 863Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 864Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 865Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 866Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 867Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 868Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 869Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 870Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 871Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 872Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 873Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 874Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 875Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 876Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 877Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 878Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 879Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 880Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 881Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 882Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 883Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 884Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 885Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 886Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 888Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 890Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 892Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 893Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 894Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 895Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 896Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 897Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 898Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 899Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 900Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 901Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 902Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 903Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 904Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 905Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 906Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 907Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 908Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 909Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 910Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 911Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 913Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 914Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 915Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 916Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 917 918# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 919Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 921 1:00 - CET 1986 922 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 923 924# Western Sahara 925# 926# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 927# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 928# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 929# Morocco does. 930# 931# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 932# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 933# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 934 935Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 936 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 937 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 938 939# Mozambique 940# 941# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 942# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 943# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 944# merely made it official? 945# 946# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 947Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 948 2:00 - CAT 949Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 950Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 951Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 952Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 953Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 954Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 955Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 956 957# Namibia 958# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 959# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 960 961# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 962# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 963# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 964# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 965# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 966# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 967# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 968# of the country. 969# 970# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 971# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 972# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 973 974# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 975Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 976Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 977# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 978Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 979 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 980 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 981 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 982 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 983 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 984 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 985 986# Niger 987# See Africa/Lagos. 988 989# Nigeria 990# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 991Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 992 1:00 - WAT 993Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 994Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 995Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 996Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 997Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 998Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 999Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1000Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1001Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1002 1003# R��union 1004# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1005Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1006 4:00 - RET # R��union Time 1007# 1008# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1009# 1010# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1011# The following information about them is taken from 1012# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1013# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1014# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1015# 1016# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1017# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1018# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1019# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1020# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1021 1022# Rwanda 1023# See Africa/Maputo. 1024 1025# St Helena 1026# See Africa/Abidjan. 1027# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1028# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1029# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1030# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1031# on GMT, says the CIA 1032# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1033 1034# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1035# Senegal 1036# See Africa/Abidjan. 1037 1038# Seychelles 1039# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1040Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1041 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1042# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1043# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1044# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1045# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1046# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1047# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1048 1049# Sierra Leone 1050# See Africa/Abidjan. 1051 1052# Somalia 1053# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1054Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1055 3:00 - EAT 1931 1056 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1057 3:00 - EAT 1058 1059# South Africa 1060# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1061Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1062Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1063# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1064Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1065 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1066 2:00 SA SAST 1067Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1068Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1069# 1070# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1071# scientific station since 1947 1072# no information 1073 1074# Sudan 1075# 1076# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1077# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1078# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1079# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1080# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1081# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1082# 1083# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1084Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1085Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1086Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1087Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1088# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1089Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1090 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1091 3:00 - EAT 1092 1093# South Sudan 1094Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1095 1096# Swaziland 1097# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1098 1099# Tanzania 1100# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1101Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1102 3:00 - EAT 1948 1103 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1104 3:00 - EAT 1105 1106# Togo 1107# See Africa/Abidjan. 1108 1109# Tunisia 1110 1111# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1112# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1113# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1114# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1115# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1116# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1117# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1118# Saturday." (My translation) 1119# 1120# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1121# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1122# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1123# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1124# 1h standard time. 1125# 1126# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1127# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1128# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1129# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1130# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1131 1132# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1133# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1134# (Arabic) 1135# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1136# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1137# 1138# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1139# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1140# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1141 1142# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1143# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1144# 1145# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1146# 1147# (in English) 1148# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1149# 1150# (in Arabic) 1151# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1152 1153# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1154# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1155# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1156# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1157# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1158# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1159 1160# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1161# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1162# 1163# (translation): 1164# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1165# Sunday... 1166# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1167# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1168# 1169# (in Arabic) 1170# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1171# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1172# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1173 1174# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1175Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1176Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1177Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1178Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1179Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1180Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1181Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1182Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1183Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1184Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1185Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1186Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1187Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1188Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1189Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1190Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1191Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1192Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1193Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1194Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1195Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1196Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1197Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1198Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1199Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1200 1201# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1202# more precise 0:09:21. 1203# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1204# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1205Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1206 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1207 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1208 1209# Uganda 1210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1211Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1212 3:00 - EAT 1930 1213 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1214 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1215 3:00 - EAT 1216 1217# Zambia 1218# Zimbabwe 1219# See Africa/Maputo. 1220