africa revision 1.42
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.42 2014/08/15 16:48:58 millert Exp $ 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 30# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37# but Mark R V Murray reports that 38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 42# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43# 44# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49# 50# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59# until we get more information. 60# 61# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 69 70# Algeria 71# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 90Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 92Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 93Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95# more precise 0:09:21. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 106 1:00 - CET 107 108# Angola 109# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 110Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 111 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 112 1:00 - WAT 113 114# Benin 115# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 116# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 117# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 119 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 120 1:00 - WAT 121 122# Botswana 123# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 124# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 125# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 128 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 129 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 130 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 131 2:00 - CAT 132 133# Burkina Faso 134# See Africa/Abidjan. 135 136# Burundi 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 139 2:00 - CAT 140 141# Cameroon 142# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 145 1:00 - WAT 146 147# Cape Verde 148# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 149Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 150 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 151 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 152 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 153 -1:00 - CVT 154 155# Central African Republic 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 158 1:00 - WAT 159 160# Chad 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 163 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 164 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 165 1:00 - WAT 166 167# Comoros 168# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 169Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 170 3:00 - EAT 171 172# Democratic Republic of Congo 173# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 175 1:00 - WAT 176Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 177 2:00 - CAT 178 179# Republic of the Congo 180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 182 1:00 - WAT 183 184# C��te D'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 185# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 186Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 187 0:00 - GMT 188Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 189Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 190Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 191Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 192Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 193Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 194Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 195Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 196Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 197Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 198 199# Djibouti 200# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 201Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 202 3:00 - EAT 203 204############################################################################### 205 206# Egypt 207 208# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 209# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 210# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 211# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 212 213# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 214Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 216Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 218Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 219Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 220Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 221Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 223Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 224Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 225Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 226Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 227Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 228Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 229Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 230Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 231Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 232Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 233# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 234# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 235 236# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 237# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 238# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 239# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 240# 241# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 242# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 243# or 244# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 245Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 246Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 247# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 248# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 249# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 250# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 251# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 252Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 253# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 254# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 255# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 256# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 257# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 258# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 259# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 260# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 261Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 262# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 263# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 264# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 265# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 266# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 267# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 268# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 269# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 270# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 271 272# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 273# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 274# 275# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 276# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 277# Apr 23 278# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 279# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 280# Apr 24 281# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 282# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 283# Aug 27 284# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 285# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 286# Aug 27 287# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 288# 289# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 290# :59) 291# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 292# 293# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 294# 295# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 296# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 297# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 298 299# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 300# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 301# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 302# in September. 303 304# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 305# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 306# Information and Decision Support Center: 307# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 308# 309# The Middle East News Agency 310# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 311# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 312# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 313# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 314# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 315# (at least today). 316 317# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 318# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 319# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 320# Ramadan. 321# 322# Arabic translation: 323# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 324# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 325# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 326 327# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 328# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 329# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 330 331# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 332# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 333 334# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 335# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 336# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 337# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 338# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 339# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 340# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 341# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 342# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 343# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 344# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 345# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 346 347# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 348# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 349# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 350# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 351# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 352# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 353# 354# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 355# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 356# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 357# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 358# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 359# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 360# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 361# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 362# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 363# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 364# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 365# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 366# (friday 5)) 367# (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 368# (setq a (1- a))) 369# (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 370# (setq b (1+ b))) 371# (setq a (1- a)) 372# (setq b (1- b)) 373# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 374# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 375# (insert 376# (format 377# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 378# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 379# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 380# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 381# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 382Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 383Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 384Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 385Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 386Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 387Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 388Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 389Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 390Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 391Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 392Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 393Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 394Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 395Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 396Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 397Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 398Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 399Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 400Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 401Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 402Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 403Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 404Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 405Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 406 407# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 409 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 410 411# Equatorial Guinea 412# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 414 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 415 1:00 - WAT 416 417# Eritrea 418# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 419Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 420 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 421 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 422 3:00 - EAT 423 424# Ethiopia 425# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 426# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 427# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 428# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 429# 430# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 431# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 432# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 433# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data are wrong anyway. 434# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 435Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 436 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 437 3:00 - EAT 438 439# Gabon 440# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 442 1:00 - WAT 443 444# Gambia 445# See Africa/Abidjan. 446 447# Ghana 448# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 449# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 450# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 451# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 452# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 453# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 454# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 455Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 456Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 459 0:00 Ghana %s 460 461# Guinea 462# See Africa/Abidjan. 463 464# Guinea-Bissau 465# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 466Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 467 -1:00 - WAT 1975 468 0:00 - GMT 469 470# Kenya 471# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 472Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 473 3:00 - EAT 1930 474 2:30 - BEAT 1940 475 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 476 3:00 - EAT 477 478# Lesotho 479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 481 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 482 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 483 2:00 - SAST 484 485# Liberia 486# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 487# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 488# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 489# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 490# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 491# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 492# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 493# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 496 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 497 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 498 0:00 - GMT 499 500############################################################################### 501 502# Libya 503 504# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 505# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 506# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 507# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 508# 509# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 510# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 511# 512# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 513# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 514# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 515# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 516# lastFri instead of lastSun). 517 518# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 519# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 520# cancelled yesterday.... 521# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 522# 523# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 524# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 525 526# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 527Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 528Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 529Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 530Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 531Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 532Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 533Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 534Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 535Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 536Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 537Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 538Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 539Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 540Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 541Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 542Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 543Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 544# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 546 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 547 2:00 - EET 1982 548 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 549# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 550# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 551 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 552 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 553 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 554 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 555 2:00 - EET 556 557# Madagascar 558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 559Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 560 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 561 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 562 3:00 - EAT 563 564# Malawi 565# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 566Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 567 2:00 - CAT 568 569# Mali 570# Mauritania 571# See Africa/Abidjan. 572 573# Mauritius 574 575# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 576# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 577# basis.... 578# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 579# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 580# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 581 582# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 583# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 584 585# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 586# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 587# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 588# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 589 590# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 591# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 592 593# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 594# According to 595# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 596# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 597# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 598# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 599# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 600# 601# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 602# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 603# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 604# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 605# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 606# changes two days later. 607 608# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 609# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 610# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 611# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 612# 613# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 614# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 615# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 616# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 617 618# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 619# The Government of Mauritius weblink 620# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 621# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 622# 623# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 624# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 625# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 626# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 627# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 628# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 629# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 630# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 631# and end on 29 March 2009. 632 633# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 634# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 635# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 636# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 637# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 638 639# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 640# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 641# DST the coming summer... 642# 643# Some sources, in French: 644# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 645# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 646# 647# Our wrap-up: 648# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 649 650# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 651# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 652# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 653# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 654 655# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 656Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 657Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 658Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 659Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 660# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 661Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 662 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 663# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 664# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 665 666# Mayotte 667# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 668Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 669 3:00 - EAT 670 671# Morocco 672# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 673 674# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 675# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 676# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 677# 678# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 679# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 680# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 681# 682# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 683# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 684 685# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 686# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 687# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 688# 689# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 690# spokesman. 691 692# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 693# According to this article: 694# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 695# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 696# the changes occur at midnight: 697# 698# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 699# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 700# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 701# 702# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 703# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 704# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 705# June 1st to Sept 27th. 706# 707# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 708# published on the web. 709# 710# It's also confirmed here: 711# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 712# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 713# posted in English). 714# 715# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 716# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 717 718# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 719# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 720# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 721# of September: 722# 723# One article about it (in French): 724# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 725# 726# We have some further details posted here: 727# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 728 729# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 730# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 731# to many sources, such as 732# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 733# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 734# (French) 735# 736# Our summary: 737# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 738 739# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 740# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 741# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 742# 743# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 744# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 745# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 746# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 747# 748# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 749# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 750 751# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 752# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 753# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 754# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 755# 756# Example: 757# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 758# (French) 759# Our page: 760# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 761 762# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 763# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 764# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 765# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 766# ...Official links of change in morocco 767# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 768# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 769# +212.537.71.84.00 770# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 771# They said that 772# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 773# is the official publication to look at. 774# They said that the decision was already taken. 775# 776# More articles in the press 777# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 778# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 779# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 780 781# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 782# They have it written in English here: 783# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 784# 785# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 786# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 787# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 788# also been like that in the past. 789 790# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 791# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 792# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 793# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 794# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 795# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 796# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 797# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 798# except the month of Ramadan. 799# or (brief) 800# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 801 802# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 803# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 804# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 805# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 806# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 807# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 808 809# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 810# Seen Morocco change again: 811# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 812# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 813# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 814 815# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 816# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 817# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 818# 819# Google translation, lightly edited: 820# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 821# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 822# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 823# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 824# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 825# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 826# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 827# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 828# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 829 830# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 831# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 832# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 833# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 834# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 835# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 836 837# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 838# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 839# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 840# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 841 842# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 843# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 844# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 845# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 846# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 847# source (French): 848# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 849# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 850# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 851 852# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 853# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 854 855# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 856# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 857# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 858# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 859# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 860 861# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 862# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 863# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 864# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 865# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 866# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 867# results integrated by hand into the table below. 868# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 869# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 870# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 871# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 872# (saturday 6)) 873# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 874# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 875# (setq b (1+ b))) 876# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 877# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 878# (insert 879# (format 880# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 881# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 882# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 883# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 884# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 885 886# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 887 888Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 889Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 890Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 891Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 894Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 899Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 901Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 902Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 903Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 904Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 905Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 906Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 907Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 908Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 909Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 910Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 911Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 913Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 914Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 915Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 916Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 917Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 918Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 919Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 920Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 921Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 922Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 923Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 924Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 925Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 926Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 927Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 928Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 929Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 930Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 931Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 932Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 933Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 934Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 935Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 936Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 937Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 938Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 939Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 940Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 941Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 942Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 943Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 944 945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 946Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 947 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 948 1:00 - CET 1986 949 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 950 951# Western Sahara 952# 953# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 954# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 955# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 956# Morocco does. 957# 958# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 959# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 960# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 961 962Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 963 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 964 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 965 966# Mozambique 967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 968Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 969 2:00 - CAT 970 971# Namibia 972# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 973# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 974 975# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 976# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 977# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 978# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 979# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 980# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 981# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 982# of the country. 983# 984# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 985# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 986# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 987 988# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 989Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 990Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 992Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 993 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 994 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 995 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 996 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 997 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 998 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 999 1000# Niger 1001# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1002Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1003 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1004 0:00 - GMT 1960 1005 1:00 - WAT 1006 1007# Nigeria 1008# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1009Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1010 1:00 - WAT 1011 1012# R��union 1013# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1014Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1015 4:00 - RET # R��union Time 1016# 1017# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1018# 1019# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 1020# The following information about them is taken from 1021# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1022# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1023# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1024# 1025# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1026# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1027# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1028# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1029# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1030 1031# Rwanda 1032# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1033Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1034 2:00 - CAT 1035 1036# St Helena 1037# See Africa/Abidjan. 1038# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1039# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1040# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1041# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1042# on GMT, says the CIA 1043# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1044 1045# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1046# Senegal 1047# See Africa/Abidjan. 1048 1049# Seychelles 1050# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1051Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1052 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1053# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1054# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1055# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1056# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1057# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1058# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1059 1060# Sierra Leone 1061# See Africa/Abidjan. 1062 1063# Somalia 1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1065Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1066 3:00 - EAT 1931 1067 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1068 3:00 - EAT 1069 1070# South Africa 1071# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1072Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1073Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1074# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1075Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1076 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1077 2:00 SA SAST 1078# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1079# scientific station since 1947 1080# no information 1081 1082# Sudan 1083# 1084# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1085# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1086# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1087# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1088# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1089# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1090# 1091# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1092Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1093Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1094Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1095Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1096# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1097Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1098 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1099 3:00 - EAT 1100 1101# South Sudan 1102Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1103 1104# Swaziland 1105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1106Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1107 2:00 - SAST 1108 1109# Tanzania 1110# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1111Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1112 3:00 - EAT 1948 1113 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1114 3:00 - EAT 1115 1116# Togo 1117# See Africa/Abidjan. 1118 1119# Tunisia 1120 1121# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1122# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1123# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1124# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1125# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1126# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1127# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1128# Saturday." (My translation) 1129# 1130# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1131# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1132# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1133# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1134# 1h standard time. 1135# 1136# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1137# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1138# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1139# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1140# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1141 1142# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1143# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1144# (Arabic) 1145# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1146# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1147# 1148# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1149# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1150# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1151 1152# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1153# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1154# 1155# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1156# 1157# (in English) 1158# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1159# 1160# (in Arabic) 1161# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1162 1163# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1164# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1165# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1166# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1167# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1168# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1169 1170# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1171# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1172# 1173# (translation): 1174# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1175# Sunday... 1176# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1177# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1178# 1179# (in Arabic) 1180# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1181# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1182# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1183 1184# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1185Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1186Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1187Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1188Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1189Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1190Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1191Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1192Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1193Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1194Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1195Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1196Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1197Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1198Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1199Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1200Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1201Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1202Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1203Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1204Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1205Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1206Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1207Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1208Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1209Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1210 1211# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1212# more precise 0:09:21. 1213# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1214# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1215Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1216 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1217 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1218 1219# Uganda 1220# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1221Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1222 3:00 - EAT 1930 1223 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1224 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1225 3:00 - EAT 1226 1227# Zambia 1228# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1229Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1230 2:00 - CAT 1231 1232# Zimbabwe 1233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1234Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1235 2:00 - CAT 1236