africa revision 1.26
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.26 2009/03/23 14:54:34 millert Exp $ 2# @(#)africa 8.18 3# <pre> 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30# 31# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 32# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 33# but Mark R V Murray reports that 34# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 35# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 36# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 37# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 38# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 39# 40# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 41# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 42# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 43# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 44# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 45# 46# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 47# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 48# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 49# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 50# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 51# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 52# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 53# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 54# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 55# until we get more information. 56# 57# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 58# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 59# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 60# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 61# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 62# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 63# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 64# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 65 66# Algeria 67# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 70Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 90# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 91# more precise 0:09:21. 92# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 94 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 97 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 98 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 102 1:00 - CET 103 104# Angola 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 107 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 108 1:00 - WAT 109 110# Benin 111# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 112# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 113# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 115 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 116 1:00 - WAT 117 118# Botswana 119# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 121 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 122 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 123 2:00 - CAT 124 125# Burkina Faso 126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 128 0:00 - GMT 129 130# Burundi 131# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 133 2:00 - CAT 134 135# Cameroon 136# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 139 1:00 - WAT 140 141# Cape Verde 142# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 143Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 144 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 145 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 146 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 147 -1:00 - CVT 148 149# Central African Republic 150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 152 1:00 - WAT 153 154# Chad 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 157 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 158 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 159 1:00 - WAT 160 161# Comoros 162# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 163Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 164 3:00 - EAT 165 166# Democratic Republic of Congo 167# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 169 1:00 - WAT 170Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 171 2:00 - CAT 172 173# Republic of the Congo 174# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 175Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 176 1:00 - WAT 177 178# Cote D'Ivoire 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 181 0:00 - GMT 182 183# Djibouti 184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 185Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 186 3:00 - EAT 187 188############################################################################### 189 190# Egypt 191 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 195Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 197Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 199Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 200Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 202Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 203Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 204Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 205Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 206Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 207Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 208Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 212# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 213# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 214Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 216# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 217# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 218# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 219# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 220# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 221Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 222# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 223# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 224# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 225# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 226# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 227# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 229# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 230Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 231# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 232# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 233# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 234# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 235# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 236# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 237# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 238# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 239# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 240Rule Egypt 2008 max - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 241 242# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 243Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 244 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 245 246# Equatorial Guinea 247# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 248Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 249 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 250 1:00 - WAT 251 252# Eritrea 253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 254Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 255 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 256 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 257 3:00 - EAT 258 259# Ethiopia 260# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 261# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 262# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 263# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 265Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 266 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 267 3:00 - EAT 268 269# Gabon 270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 272 1:00 - WAT 273 274# Gambia 275# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 276Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 277 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 278 -1:00 - WAT 1964 279 0:00 - GMT 280 281# Ghana 282# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 283# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 284# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 285Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 286Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 289 0:00 Ghana %s 290 291# Guinea 292# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 293Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 294 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 295 -1:00 - WAT 1960 296 0:00 - GMT 297 298# Guinea-Bissau 299# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 301 -1:00 - WAT 1975 302 0:00 - GMT 303 304# Kenya 305# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 306Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 307 3:00 - EAT 1930 308 2:30 - BEAT 1940 309 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 310 3:00 - EAT 311 312# Lesotho 313# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 314Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 315 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 316 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 317 2:00 - SAST 318 319# Liberia 320# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 321# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 322# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 323# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 324# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 325# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 326# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 327# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 328# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 329Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 330 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 331 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 332 0:00 - GMT 333 334############################################################################### 335 336# Libya 337 338# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 339Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 340Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 341Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 342Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 343Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 344Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 345Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 346Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 347Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 348Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 349Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 350Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 351Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 352# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 353Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 354 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 355 2:00 - EET 1982 356 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 357# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 358# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 359 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 360 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 361 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 362 2:00 - EET 363 364# Madagascar 365# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 366Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 367 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 368 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 369 3:00 - EAT 370 371# Malawi 372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 374 2:00 - CAT 375 376# Mali 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 379 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 380 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 381 0:00 - GMT 382 383# Mauritania 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 386 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 387 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 388 0:00 - GMT 389 390# Mauritius 391 392# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 393# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 394# basis.... 395# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 396# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 397# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 398 399# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 400# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 401 402# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 403# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 404# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 405# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 406 407# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 408# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 409 410# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 411# According to 412# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 413# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 414# </a> 415# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 416# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 417# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 418# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 419# 420# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 421# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 422# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 423# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 424# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 425# changes two days later. 426 427# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 428# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 429# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 430# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 431# 432# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 433# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 434# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 435# ... 436# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 437# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 438# </a> 439 440# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 441# The Government of Mauritius weblink 442# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=3D4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 443# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=3D4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 444# </a> 445# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 446# 447# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 448# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 449# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 450# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 451# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 452# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 453# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 454# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 455# and end on 29 March 2009. 456 457# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 458# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 459# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 460# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 461# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 462# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 463# </a> 464 465# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 466Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 467Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 468Rule Mauritius 2008 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 469Rule Mauritius 2009 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 470# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 471Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 472 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 473# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 474# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 475 476# Mayotte 477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 478Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 479 3:00 - EAT 480 481# Morocco 482# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 483 484# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 485# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 486# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 487# 488# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 489# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 490# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 491# 492# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 493# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 494# </a> 495# OR 496# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 497# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 498# </a> 499 500# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 501# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 502# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 503# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 504# </a> 505# 506# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 507# spokesman. 508 509# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 510# According to this article: 511# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 512# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 513# </a> 514# (and republished here: 515# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 516# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 517# </a> 518# ) 519# the changes occurs at midnight: 520# 521# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 522# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 523# sunday night the 28th at midnight 524# 525# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 526# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 527# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 528# june1st to sept 27th. 529# 530# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 531# published on the web. 532# 533# It's also confirmed here: 534# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 535# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 536# </a> 537# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 538# posted in english). 539# 540# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 541# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 542# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 543# </a> 544 545# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 546# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow 547# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of 548# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named 549# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)? 550 551# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09): 552# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now. 553 554# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 555# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 556# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 557# of September: 558# 559# One article about it (in French): 560# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 561# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 562# </a> 563# 564# We have some further details posted here: 565# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 566# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 567# </a> 568 569# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 570# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 571# to many sources, such as 572# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 573# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 574# </a> 575# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 576# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 577# </a> 578# (French) 579# 580# Our summary: 581# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 582# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 583# </a> 584 585# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 586# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 587# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 588# 589# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 590# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 591# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 592# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 593# 594# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 595# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 596# </a> 597# 598# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 599# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 600# </a> 601 602# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 603 604Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 605Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 606Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 607Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 608Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 609Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 610Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 611Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 612Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 613Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 614Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 615Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 616Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 617Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 618Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 619Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 620Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 621Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 622Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 623# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 624Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 625 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 626 1:00 - CET 1986 627 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 628# Western Sahara 629Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 630 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 631 0:00 - WET 632 633# Mozambique 634# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 635Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 636 2:00 - CAT 637 638# Namibia 639# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 640# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 641 642# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 643# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 644# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 645# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 646# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 647# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 648# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 649# of the country. 650# 651# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 652# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 653# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 654 655# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 656Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 657Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 658# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 659Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 660 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 661 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 662 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 663 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 664 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 665 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 666 667# Niger 668# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 669Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 670 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 671 0:00 - GMT 1960 672 1:00 - WAT 673 674# Nigeria 675# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 676Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 677 1:00 - WAT 678 679# Reunion 680# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 681Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 682 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 683# 684# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 685# The following information about them is taken from 686# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 687# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 688# We have no info about their time zone histories. 689# 690# Bassas da India - uninhabited 691# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 692# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 693# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 694# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 695 696# Rwanda 697# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 698Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 699 2:00 - CAT 700 701# St Helena 702# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 703Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 704 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 705 0:00 - GMT 706# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 707# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 708# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 709# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 710# on GMT, says the CIA 711# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 712 713# Sao Tome and Principe 714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 715Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 716 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 717 0:00 - GMT 718 719# Senegal 720# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 721Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 722 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 723 0:00 - GMT 724 725# Seychelles 726# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 727Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 728 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 729# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 730# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 731# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 732# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 733# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 734# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 735 736# Sierra Leone 737# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 738# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 739Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 740Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 741Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 742Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 743# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 744Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 745 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 746 -1:00 SL %s 1957 747 0:00 SL %s 748 749# Somalia 750# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 751Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 752 3:00 - EAT 1931 753 2:30 - BEAT 1957 754 3:00 - EAT 755 756# South Africa 757# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 758Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 759Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 760# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 761Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 762 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 763 2:00 SA SAST 764# Marion and Prince Edward Is 765# scientific station since 1947 766# no information 767 768# Sudan 769# 770# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 771# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 772# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 773# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 774# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 775# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 776# 777# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 778Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 779Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 780Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 781Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 782# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 783Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 784 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 785 3:00 - EAT 786 787# Swaziland 788# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 789Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 790 2:00 - SAST 791 792# Tanzania 793# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 794Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 795 3:00 - EAT 1948 796 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 797 3:00 - EAT 798 799# Togo 800# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 801Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 802 0:00 - GMT 803 804# Tunisia 805 806# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 807# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 808# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 809# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 810# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 811# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 812# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 813# Saturday." (My translation) 814# 815# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 816# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 817# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 818# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 819# 1h standard time. 820# 821# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 822# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 823# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 824# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 825# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 826 827# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 828# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 829# (Arabic) 830# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 831# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 832# </a> 833# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 834# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 835# </a> 836# 837# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 838# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 839# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 840# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 841# </a> 842 843# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 844# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 845# 846# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 847# 848# (in English) 849# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 850# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 851# </a> 852# 853# (in Arabic) 854# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 855# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 856# </a> 857 858# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 859# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 860# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 861# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 862# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 863 864# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 865Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 866Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 867Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 868Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 869Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 870Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 871Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 872Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 873Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 874Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 875Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 876Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 877Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 878Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 879Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 880Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 881Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 882Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 883Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 884Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 885Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 886Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 887Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 888Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 889Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 890Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 891Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 892# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 893# more precise 0:09:21. 894# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 895# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 896Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 897 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 898 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 899 900# Uganda 901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 902Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 903 3:00 - EAT 1930 904 2:30 - BEAT 1948 905 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 906 3:00 - EAT 907 908# Zambia 909# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 910Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 911 2:00 - CAT 912 913# Zimbabwe 914# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 915Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 916 2:00 - CAT 917