africa revision 1.15
1# $OpenBSD: africa,v 1.15 2006/02/18 19:47:24 millert Exp $
2# @(#)africa	7.40
3# <pre>
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
10#
11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
14#
15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
19# of the IATA's data after 1990.
20#
21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
22# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
23#
24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26# I found in the UCLA library.
27#
28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30#
31# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
32# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
33# but Mark R V Murray reports that
34# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
35# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
36# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
37# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
38# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
39#
40# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
41# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
42# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
43# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
44# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
45#
46# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
47#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
48#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
49#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
50#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
51# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
52#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
53# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
54# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
55# until we get more information.
56#
57# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
58#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
59#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
60#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
61#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
62#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
63#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
64#	 4:00	EAST	East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65
66# Algeria
67# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
68Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
69Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
70Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
71Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
72Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
73Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
74Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
75Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
76Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
77Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
78Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
79Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	S
80Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
81Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
82Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
83Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
84Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
85Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
86Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
87Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
88Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
89Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
90# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
91# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
92Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
93			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
94			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25 2:00
95			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
96			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
97			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
98			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
99			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
100			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
101			1:00	-	CET
102
103# Angola
104# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
105Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
106			0:52:04	-	AOT	1911 May 26 # Angola Time
107			1:00	-	WAT
108
109# Benin
110# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
111# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
112Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
113			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
114			1:00	-	WAT
115
116# Botswana
117# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
118Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
119			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
120			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
121			2:00	-	CAT
122
123# Burkina Faso
124# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
125Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
126			 0:00	-	GMT
127
128# Burundi
129# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
130Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
131			2:00	-	CAT
132
133# Cameroon
134# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
135# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
136Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
137			1:00	-	WAT
138
139# Cape Verde
140# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
141Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
142			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
143			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
144			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
145			-1:00	-	CVT
146
147# Central African Republic
148# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
149Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
150			1:00	-	WAT
151
152# Chad
153# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
154Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
155			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
156			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
157			1:00	-	WAT
158
159# Comoros
160# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
161Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
162			3:00	-	EAT
163
164# Democratic Republic of Congo
165# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
166Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
167			1:00	-	WAT
168Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
169			2:00	-	CAT
170
171# Republic of the Congo
172# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
173Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
174			1:00	-	WAT
175
176# Cote D'Ivoire
177# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
178Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
179			 0:00	-	GMT
180
181# Djibouti
182# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
183Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
184			3:00	-	EAT
185
186###############################################################################
187
188# Egypt
189
190# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
191Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
192Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
193Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
194Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
195Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
196Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
197Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
198Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
199Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
200Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
201Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
202Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
203Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
204Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
205Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
206Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
207Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
208Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
209Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
210# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
211# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
212Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
213Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
214
215# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
216Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
217			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
218
219# Equatorial Guinea
220# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
221Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
222			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
223			1:00	-	WAT
224
225# Eritrea
226# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
227Zone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
228			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
229			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
230			3:00	-	EAT
231
232# Ethiopia
233# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-05):
234# Shanks writes that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones between
235# 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
236# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
237# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
238Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
239			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
240			3:00	-	EAT
241
242# Gabon
243# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
244Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
245			1:00	-	WAT
246
247# Gambia
248# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
249Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
250			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
251			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
252			 0:00	-	GMT
253
254# Ghana
255# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
256# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
257Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
258Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
259# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
260Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
261			 0:00	Ghana	%s
262
263# Guinea
264# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
265Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
266			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
267			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
268			 0:00	-	GMT
269
270# Guinea-Bissau
271# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
272Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
273			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
274			 0:00	-	GMT
275
276# Kenya
277# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
278Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
279			3:00	-	EAT	1930
280			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
281			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
282			3:00	-	EAT
283
284# Lesotho
285# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
286Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
287			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19 2:00
288			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
289			2:00	-	SAST
290
291# Liberia
292# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
293# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
294# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
295# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
296# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
297# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
298# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
299# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
300Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
301			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
302			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
303			 0:00	-	GMT
304
305###############################################################################
306
307# Libya
308
309# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
310Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
311Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
312Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
313Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
314Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
315Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
316Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
317Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
318Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
319Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
320Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
321Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
322Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
323# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
324Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
325			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
326			2:00	-	EET	1982
327			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
328# The following entries are all from Shanks;
329# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
330			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
331			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
332			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
333			2:00	-	EET
334
335# Madagascar
336# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
337Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
338			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
339			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
340			3:00	-	EAT
341
342# Malawi
343# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
344Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
345			2:00	-	CAT
346
347# Mali
348# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
349Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
350			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
351			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
352			 0:00	-	GMT
353
354# Mauritania
355# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
356Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
357			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
358			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
359			 0:00	-	GMT
360
361# Mauritius
362# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
363Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
364			4:00	-	MUT	# Mauritius Time
365# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
366# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
367
368# Mayotte
369# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
370Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
371			3:00	-	EAT
372
373# Morocco
374# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
375# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
376Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
377Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
378Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
379Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
380Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
381Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
382Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
383Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
384Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
385Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
386Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
387Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
388Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
389Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
390Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
391# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
392Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
393			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
394			 1:00	-	CET	1986
395			 0:00	-	WET
396# Western Sahara
397Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan
398			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
399			 0:00	-	WET
400
401# Mozambique
402# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
403Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
404			2:00	-	CAT
405
406# Namibia
407# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks.
408# Shanks reports no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
409# RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
410Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
411Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
412# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
413Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
414			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
415			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20 2:00
416			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
417			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
418			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
419			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
420
421# Niger
422# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
423Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
424			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
425			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
426			 1:00	-	WAT
427
428# Nigeria
429# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
430Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
431			1:00	-	WAT
432
433# Reunion
434# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
435Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# Saint-Denis
436			4:00	-	RET	# Reunion Time
437#
438# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
439# The following information about them is taken from
440# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
441# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
442# We have no info about their time zone histories.
443#
444# Bassas da India - uninhabited
445# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
446# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
447# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
448# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
449
450# Rwanda
451# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
452Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
453			2:00	-	CAT
454
455# St Helena
456# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
457Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
458			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951	# Jamestown Mean Time
459			 0:00	-	GMT
460# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
461#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
462#	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
463#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
464#		on GMT, says the CIA
465#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
466
467# Sao Tome and Principe
468# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
469Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
470			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912	# Lisbon Mean Time
471			 0:00	-	GMT
472
473# Senegal
474# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
475Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
476			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
477			 0:00	-	GMT
478
479# Seychelles
480# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
481Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
482			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
483# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
484# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
485# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
486# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
487# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
488# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
489
490# Sierra Leone
491# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
492# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
493Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
494Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
495Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
496Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
497# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
498Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
499			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
500			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
501			 0:00	SL	%s
502
503# Somalia
504# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
505Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
506			3:00	-	EAT	1931
507			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
508			3:00	-	EAT
509
510# South Africa
511# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
512Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
513Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
514# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
515Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
516			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
517			2:00	SA	SAST
518# Marion and Prince Edward Is
519# scientific station since 1947
520# no information
521
522# Sudan
523#
524# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
525# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
526# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
527# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
528# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
529# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
530#
531# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
532Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
533Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
534Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
535Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
536# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
537Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
538			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
539			3:00	-	EAT
540
541# Swaziland
542# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
543Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
544			2:00	-	SAST
545
546# Tanzania
547# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
548Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
549			3:00	-	EAT	1948
550			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
551			3:00	-	EAT
552
553# Togo
554# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
555Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
556			0:00	-	GMT
557
558# Tunisia
559
560# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
561#
562# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
563# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
564# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
565# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
566# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
567# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
568# Saturday."  (My translation)
569#
570# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
571# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
572# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
573# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
574# 1h standard time.
575
576# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
577Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
578Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
579Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
580Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
581Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
582Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
583Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
584Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
585Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
586Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
587Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
588Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
589Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
590Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
591Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
592Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
593Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
594Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
595Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
596Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
597Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
598Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
599Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
600# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
601# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
602# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
603Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
604			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
605			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
606
607# Uganda
608# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
609Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
610			3:00	-	EAT	1930
611			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
612			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
613			3:00	-	EAT
614
615# Zambia
616# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
617Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
618			2:00	-	CAT
619
620# Zimbabwe
621# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
622Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
623			2:00	-	CAT
624