africa revision 1.1
1263508Sdim# @(#)africa	7.7
2224133Sdim
3224133Sdim# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4224133Sdim# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5224133Sdim# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6224133Sdim
7224133Sdim# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
8224133Sdim#
9224133Sdim# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10224133Sdim# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
11224133Sdim# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
12224133Sdim# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
13224133Sdim#
14224133Sdim# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
15224133Sdim# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
16224133Sdim# I found in the UCLA library.
17224133Sdim#
18224133Sdim# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
19224133Sdim# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
20224133Sdim# Oxford University Press (1980).
21249423Sdim#
22226633Sdim# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy.
23224133Sdim# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where
24224133Sdim# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and
25224133Sdim# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region.
26249423Sdim# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'.
27224133Sdim#
28224133Sdim# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names,
29224133Sdim# in decreasing order of importance:
30224133Sdim#
31224133Sdim#	Use only valid Posix file names.  Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
32226633Sdim#		`-' and `_'.  Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
33226633Sdim#		E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
34224133Sdim#	Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
35224133Sdim#		One such location is enough.
36263508Sdim#	If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
37224133Sdim#		e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
38224133Sdim#		prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
39224133Sdim#	Keep locations compact.  Use cities or small islands, not countries
40224133Sdim#		or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
41224133Sdim#		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer `Paris'
42224133Sdim#		to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
43234353Sdim#	Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
44224133Sdim#		prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
45224133Sdim#		The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
46224133Sdim#	Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
47224133Sdim#		e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'.  Among locations with
48224133Sdim#		similar populations, pick the best-known location,
49224133Sdim#		e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
50224133Sdim#	Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
51226633Sdim#	Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
52224133Sdim#		would lead to ambiguity.  E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
53224133Sdim#		`Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
54234353Sdim#		but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
55224133Sdim#		of Mexico has several time zones.
56224133Sdim#	Use `_' to represent a space.
57224133Sdim#	Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
58234353Sdim#		to `St._Helena'.
59234353Sdim#
60224133Sdim# We typically use traditional English time zone abbreviations,
61224133Sdim# and assume that applications translate them to other languages
62224133Sdim# as part of the normal localization process.
63234353Sdim#
64224133Sdim# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
65224133Sdim#		LMT	Local Mean Time
66224133Sdim#	-2:00	CVT	Cape Verde Time (no longer used)
67224133Sdim#	-1:00	AAT	Atlantic Africa Time
68226633Sdim#	 0:00	WAT	West Africa Time
69224133Sdim#	 1:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
70224133Sdim#	 2:00	SAT	South Africa Time
71224133Sdim#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
72224133Sdim#	 4:00	SMT	Seychelles and Mascarene Time
73224133Sdim# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
74224133Sdim# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.
75226633Sdim
76224133Sdim
77226633Sdim# Algeria
78224133Sdim# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
79224133SdimRule	Algeria	1911	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00s	0	-
80224133SdimRule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
81224133SdimRule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
82226633SdimRule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
83224133SdimRule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
84224133SdimRule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
85224133SdimRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
86224133SdimRule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
87224133SdimRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
88224133SdimRule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
89224133SdimRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
90224133SdimRule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
91224133SdimRule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
92224133SdimRule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
93224133SdimRule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
94263508SdimRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
95263508SdimRule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
96263508SdimRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
97263508SdimRule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
98224133SdimRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
99224133SdimRule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
100224133SdimRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
101224133SdimRule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
102224133Sdim# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
103224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
104224133SdimZone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
105224133Sdim			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
106224133Sdim			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1940 Feb 25 2:00
107224133Sdim			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1946 Oct  7
108224133Sdim			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
109224133Sdim			1:00	-	MET	1963 Apr 14
110224133Sdim			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1977 Oct 21
111263508Sdim			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1979 Oct 26
112224133Sdim			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1981 May
113224133Sdim			1:00	-	MET
114224133Sdim
115224133Sdim# Angola
116224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
117224133SdimZone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
118224133Sdim			0:52	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time
119263508Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
120224133Sdim
121263508Sdim# Benin
122263508Sdim# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
123263508Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
124263508SdimZone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
125263508Sdim			0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
126263508Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
127226633Sdim
128224133Sdim# Botswana
129224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
130224133SdimZone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
131224133Sdim			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
132224133Sdim			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
133224133Sdim			2:00	-	SAT
134224133Sdim
135224133Sdim# Burkina Faso
136224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
137224133SdimZone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
138224133Sdim			 0:00	-	WAT
139224133Sdim
140224133Sdim# Burundi
141224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
142224133SdimZone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
143224133Sdim			2:00	-	SAT
144224133Sdim
145224133Sdim# Cameroon
146224133Sdim# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
147224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
148224133SdimZone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
149224133Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
150224133Sdim
151224133Sdim# Cape Verde
152224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
153224133SdimZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
154224133Sdim			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
155224133Sdim			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
156226633Sdim			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
157224133Sdim			-1:00	-	AAT
158224133Sdim
159224133Sdim# Central African Republic
160224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
161224133SdimZone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
162224133Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
163224133Sdim
164224133Sdim# Chad
165224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
166224133SdimZone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
167224133Sdim			1:00	-	CAT	1979 Oct 14
168224133Sdim			1:00	1:00	CAST	1980 Mar  8
169224133Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
170224133Sdim
171224133Sdim# Comoros
172224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
173224133SdimZone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
174224133Sdim			3:00	-	EAT
175224133Sdim
176263508Sdim# Congo
177224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
178224133SdimZone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
179224133Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
180224133Sdim
181224133Sdim# Cote D'Ivoire
182224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
183224133SdimZone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
184224133Sdim			 0:00	-	WAT
185224133Sdim
186224133Sdim# Djibouti
187224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
188224133SdimZone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
189224133Sdim			3:00	-	EAT
190224133Sdim
191263508Sdim###############################################################################
192263508Sdim
193263508Sdim# Egypt
194263508Sdim
195263508Sdim# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
196263508Sdim# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
197263508Sdim# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
198224133Sdim# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
199224133Sdim# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.
200239462Sdim
201224133Sdim# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
202224133Sdim# EGYPT               2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
203224133Sdim# EGYPT               3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
204224133Sdim# EGYPT                                  RAMADAN)
205224133Sdim
206224133Sdim# From Shanks (1991):
207226633Sdim# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
208224133SdimRule	Egypt	1900	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
209224133SdimRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
210224133SdimRule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
211224133SdimRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
212226633SdimRule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
213226633SdimRule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
214224133SdimRule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
215224133SdimRule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
216224133SdimRule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
217263508SdimRule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
218224133SdimRule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
219224133SdimRule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
220224133SdimRule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
221224133SdimRule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
222224133SdimRule	Egypt	1966	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
223224133SdimRule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	" DST"
224263508SdimRule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	" DST"
225263508SdimRule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
226263508SdimRule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	" DST"
227224133SdimRule	Egypt	1990	max	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
228263508Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
229263508SdimZone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
230263508Sdim			2:00	Egypt	EET%s
231263508Sdim
232263508Sdim# Equatorial Guinea
233263508Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
234263508SdimZone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
235263508Sdim			0:00	-	WAT	1963 Dec 15
236263508Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
237263508Sdim
238263508Sdim# Eritrea
239263508Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
240263508SdimZone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
241263508Sdim			2:36	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
242263508Sdim			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
243263508Sdim			3:00	-	EAT
244263508Sdim
245263508Sdim# Ethiopia
246263508Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
247263508SdimZone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
248263508Sdim			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
249263508Sdim			3:00	-	EAT
250263508Sdim
251263508Sdim# Gabon
252263508Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
253263508SdimZone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
254263508Sdim			1:00	-	CAT
255224133Sdim
256263508Sdim# Gambia
257263508Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
258263508SdimZone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
259263508Sdim			-1:07	-	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
260263508Sdim			-1:00	-	AAT	1964
261224133Sdim			 0:00	-	WAT
262224133Sdim
263226633Sdim# Ghana
264226633Sdim# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
265224133Sdim# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''.
266226633Sdim# From Shanks (1991):
267226633Sdim# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
268224133SdimRule	Ghana	1918	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	WAT
269224133Sdim# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
270224133SdimRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	WATDT
271224133SdimRule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	WAT
272224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
273224133SdimZone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
274224133Sdim			 0:00	Ghana	%s
275263508Sdim
276224133Sdim# Guinea
277224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
278224133SdimZone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
279224133Sdim			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
280249423Sdim			 1:00	-	CAT	1960
281224133Sdim			 0:00	-	WAT
282224133Sdim
283224133Sdim# Guinea-Bissau
284224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
285224133SdimZone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
286224133Sdim			 1:00	-	CAT	1975
287224133Sdim			 0:00	-	WAT
288224133Sdim
289224133Sdim# Kenya
290224133Sdim# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
291224133Sdim# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
292224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
293224133SdimZone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
294224133Sdim			3:00	-	EAT	1930
295224133Sdim			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
296224133Sdim			2:45	-	BEAT	1960
297224133Sdim			3:00	-	EAT
298224133Sdim
299224133Sdim# Lesotho
300224133Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
301263508SdimZone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
302224133Sdim			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
303224133Sdim			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
304224133Sdim			2:00	-	SAT
305224133Sdim
306224133Sdim# Liberia
307224133Sdim# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
308224133Sdim# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
309224133Sdim# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
310224133Sdim# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
311224133Sdim# Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks.
312224133Sdim# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman
313224133Sdim# each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
314224133Sdim#
315226633Sdim# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman:
316234353Sdim# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
317234353SdimZone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
318234353Sdim			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
319224133Sdim			-0:44:30 -	LST	1972 May # Liberia Standard Time
320226633Sdim			 0:00	-	WAT
321226633Sdim
322224133Sdim###############################################################################
323224133Sdim
324224133Sdim# Libya
325224133Sdim
326224133Sdim# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
327224133Sdim# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)
328224133Sdim
329224133Sdim# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
330224133Sdim# LIBYAN ARAB         1 H  AHEAD OF UTC  JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
331224133Sdim# LIBYAN ARAB         2 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
332224133Sdim
333224133Sdim# From Shanks (1991):
334224133Sdim# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
335224133SdimRule	Libya	1920	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
336224133SdimRule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	" DST"
337224133SdimRule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
338224133SdimRule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	" DST"
339224133SdimRule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
340224133SdimRule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
341224133SdimRule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
342224133SdimRule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
343224133SdimRule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
344224133SdimRule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
345224133SdimRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
346224133SdimRule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
347224133SdimRule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
348Rule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
349Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
350# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
351# Here's a guess for years starting with 1991.
352Rule	Libya	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
353Rule	Libya	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
354
355# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
356Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
357			1:00	Libya	MET%s	1959
358			2:00	-	EET	1982
359			1:00	Libya	MET%s
360
361# Madagascar
362# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
363Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
364			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
365			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
366			3:00	-	EAT
367
368# Malawi
369# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
370Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
371			2:00	-	SAT
372
373# Mali
374# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
375Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
376			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
377			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
378			 0:00	-	WAT
379# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
380Zone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
381			 0:00	-	WAT
382
383# Mauritania
384# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
385Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
386			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
387			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
388			 0:00	-	WAT
389
390# Mauritius
391# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
392Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
393			4:00	-	SMT
394# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
395# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
396
397# Mayotte
398# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
399Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:01:08 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Dzaoudzi
400			3:00	-	EAT
401
402# Morocco
403# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
404Rule	Morocco	1913	only	-	Oct	26	 0:00	0	-
405Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
406Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
407Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
408Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
409Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
410Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
411Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	" DST"
412Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
413Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
414Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
415Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
416Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
417Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
418Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
419Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
420# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
421Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
422			 0:00	Morocco	WET%s	1984 Mar 16
423			 1:00	-	MET	1986
424			 0:00	-	WET
425# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid:
426# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Mellila.
427
428# Mozambique
429# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
430Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
431			2:00	-	SAT
432
433# Namibia
434# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
435Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
436			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
437			2:00	-	SAT	1942 Sep 20 2:00
438			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
439			2:00	-	SAT
440
441# Niger
442# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
443Zone	Africa/Niamey	0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
444			1:00	-	CAT	1934 Feb 26
445			0:00	-	WAT	1960
446			1:00	-	CAT
447
448# Nigeria
449# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
450Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
451			1:00	-	CAT
452
453# Reunion
454# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
455Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# St Denis
456			4:00	-	SMT
457
458# Rwanda
459# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
460Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
461			2:00	-	SAT
462
463# St Helena
464# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
465Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
466			-0:06	-	?MT	1951	# a typo in Shanks?
467			 0:00	-	GMT
468# Whitman says Tristan da Cunha is on GMT, like Atlantic/St_Helena.
469#
470# Ascension, Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale
471# no information; probably like Atlantic/St_Helena
472
473# Sao Tome and Principe
474# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
475Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
476			-0:37	-	?MT	1912	# a typo in Shanks?
477			 0:00	-	WAT
478
479# Senegal
480# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
481Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
482			-1:00	-	AAT	1941 Jun
483			 0:00	-	WAT
484
485# Seychelles
486# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
487Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
488			4:00	-	SMT
489
490# Sierra Leone
491# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
492Rule	SL	1913	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	-
493# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
494Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
495Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
496Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
497Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
498# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
499Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
500			-0:53	-	FMT	1913 Jun
501			-1:00	SL	AA%sT	1957
502			 0:00	SL	WA%sT
503
504# Somalia
505# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
506# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
507# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
508Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
509			3:00	-	EAT	1931
510			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
511			2:45	-	BEAT	1957	# not in Shanks
512			3:00	-	EAT
513
514# South Africa
515# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
516Rule	SA	1892	only	-	Feb	8	0:00	0	-
517Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
518Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
519# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
520Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
521			1:30	-	SAT	1903 Mar
522			2:00	SA	SA%sT
523# Prince Edward Is
524# no information
525
526# Sudan
527# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
528Rule	Sudan	1931	only	-	Feb	 8	0:00	0	-
529Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
530Rule	Sudan	1970	max	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
531Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
532Rule	Sudan	1972	max	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	" DST"
533# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
534Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
535			2:00	Sudan	EET%s
536
537# Swaziland
538# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
539Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
540			2:00	-	SAT
541
542# Tanzania
543# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
544Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
545			3:00	-	EAT	1948
546			2:45	-	BEAT	1961
547			3:00	-	EAT
548
549# Togo
550# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
551Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
552			0:00	-	WAT
553
554# Tunisia
555# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
556Rule	Tunisia	1911	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	0	-
557Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
558Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
559Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
560Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
561Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
562Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
563Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
564Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
565Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
566Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
567Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
568Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
569Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
570Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
571Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
572Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
573Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
574Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
575Rule	Tunisia	1988	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
576Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
577Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
578Rule	Tunisia	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
579# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
580# Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
581# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
582Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
583			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
584			1:00	Tunisia	MET%s
585
586# Uganda
587# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
588Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
589			3:00	-	EAT	1930
590			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
591			2:45	-	BEAT	1957
592			3:00	-	EAT
593
594# Zaire
595# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
596Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
597			1:00	-	CAT
598Zone Africa/Lumumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
599			2:00	-	SAT
600
601# Zambia
602# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
603Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
604			2:00	-	SAT
605
606# Zimbabwe
607# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
608Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
609			2:00	-	SAT
610