setup.c revision 1.23
1/* $OpenBSD: setup.c,v 1.23 2014/07/13 16:08:53 pelikan Exp $ */ 2/* $NetBSD: setup.c,v 1.1 1997/06/11 11:22:01 bouyer Exp $ */ 3 4/* 5 * Copyright (c) 1997 Manuel Bouyer. 6 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1993 7 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34#define DKTYPENAMES 35#include <sys/param.h> 36#include <sys/time.h> 37#include <ufs/ext2fs/ext2fs_dinode.h> 38#include <ufs/ext2fs/ext2fs.h> 39#include <sys/stat.h> 40#include <sys/ioctl.h> 41#include <sys/dkio.h> 42#include <sys/disklabel.h> 43#include <sys/file.h> 44 45#include <errno.h> 46#include <fcntl.h> 47#include <stdio.h> 48#include <stdlib.h> 49#include <string.h> 50#include <ctype.h> 51 52#include "fsck.h" 53#include "extern.h" 54#include "fsutil.h" 55 56#define POWEROF2(num) (((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0) 57 58void badsb(int, char *); 59int calcsb(char *, int, struct m_ext2fs *); 60static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *, int); 61static int readsb(int); 62 63int 64setup(char *dev) 65{ 66 long cg, asked, i; 67 long bmapsize; 68 struct disklabel *lp; 69 off_t sizepb; 70 struct stat statb; 71 struct m_ext2fs proto; 72 int doskipclean; 73 u_int64_t maxfilesize; 74 75 havesb = 0; 76 fswritefd = -1; 77 doskipclean = skipclean; 78 if (stat(dev, &statb) < 0) { 79 printf("Can't stat %s: %s\n", dev, strerror(errno)); 80 return (0); 81 } 82 if (!S_ISCHR(statb.st_mode)) { 83 pfatal("%s is not a character device", dev); 84 if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0) 85 return (0); 86 } 87 if ((fsreadfd = open(dev, O_RDONLY)) < 0) { 88 printf("Can't open %s: %s\n", dev, strerror(errno)); 89 return (0); 90 } 91 if (preen == 0) 92 printf("** %s", dev); 93 if (nflag || (fswritefd = open(dev, O_WRONLY)) < 0) { 94 fswritefd = -1; 95 if (preen) 96 pfatal("NO WRITE ACCESS"); 97 printf(" (NO WRITE)"); 98 } 99 if (preen == 0) 100 printf("\n"); 101 fsmodified = 0; 102 lfdir = 0; 103 initbarea(&sblk); 104 initbarea(&asblk); 105 sblk.b_un.b_buf = malloc(SBSIZE); 106 asblk.b_un.b_buf = malloc(SBSIZE); 107 if (sblk.b_un.b_buf == NULL || asblk.b_un.b_buf == NULL) 108 errexit("cannot allocate space for superblock\n"); 109 if ((lp = getdisklabel((char *)NULL, fsreadfd)) != NULL) 110 secsize = lp->d_secsize; 111 else 112 secsize = DEV_BSIZE; 113 /* 114 * Read in the superblock, looking for alternates if necessary 115 */ 116 if (readsb(1) == 0) { 117 if (bflag || preen || calcsb(dev, fsreadfd, &proto) == 0) 118 return(0); 119 if (reply("LOOK FOR ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS") == 0) 120 return (0); 121 for (cg = 1; cg < proto.e2fs_ncg; cg++) { 122 bflag = fsbtodb(&proto, 123 cg * proto.e2fs.e2fs_bpg + proto.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock); 124 if (readsb(0) != 0) 125 break; 126 } 127 if (cg >= proto.e2fs_ncg) { 128 printf("%s %s\n%s %s\n%s %s\n", 129 "SEARCH FOR ALTERNATE SUPER-BLOCK", 130 "FAILED. YOU MUST USE THE", 131 "-b OPTION TO FSCK_FFS TO SPECIFY THE", 132 "LOCATION OF AN ALTERNATE", 133 "SUPER-BLOCK TO SUPPLY NEEDED", 134 "INFORMATION; SEE fsck_ext2fs(8)."); 135 return(0); 136 } 137 doskipclean = 0; 138 pwarn("USING ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCK AT %d\n", bflag); 139 } 140 if (debug) 141 printf("state = %d\n", sblock.e2fs.e2fs_state); 142 if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_state == E2FS_ISCLEAN) { 143 if (doskipclean) { 144 pwarn("%sile system is clean; not checking\n", 145 preen ? "f" : "** F"); 146 return (-1); 147 } 148 if (!preen) 149 pwarn("** File system is already clean\n"); 150 } 151 maxfsblock = sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount; 152 maxino = sblock.e2fs_ncg * sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ipg; 153 sizepb = sblock.e2fs_bsize; 154 maxfilesize = sblock.e2fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1; 155 for (i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) { 156 sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock); 157 maxfilesize += sizepb; 158 } 159 /* 160 * Check and potentially fix certain fields in the super block. 161 */ 162 if ((sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rbcount < 0) || 163 (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rbcount > sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount)) { 164 pfatal("IMPOSSIBLE RESERVED BLOCK COUNT=%d IN SUPERBLOCK", 165 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rbcount); 166 if (reply("SET TO DEFAULT") == 1) { 167 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rbcount = sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount * 0.1; 168 sbdirty(); 169 dirty(&asblk); 170 } 171 } 172 if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg != sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fpg) { 173 pfatal("WRONG FPG=%d (BPG=%d) IN SUPERBLOCK", 174 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fpg, sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg); 175 return 0; 176 } 177 if (asblk.b_dirty && !bflag) { 178 copyback_sb(&asblk); 179 flush(fswritefd, &asblk); 180 } 181 /* 182 * read in the summary info. 183 */ 184 185 sblock.e2fs_gd = calloc(sblock.e2fs_ngdb, sblock.e2fs_bsize); 186 if (sblock.e2fs_gd == NULL) 187 errexit("out of memory\n"); 188 asked = 0; 189 for (i=0; i < sblock.e2fs_ngdb; i++) { 190 if (bread(fsreadfd,(char *) 191 &sblock.e2fs_gd[i* sblock.e2fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ext2_gd)], 192 fsbtodb(&sblock, ((sblock.e2fs_bsize>1024)?0:1)+i+1), 193 sblock.e2fs_bsize) != 0 && !asked) { 194 pfatal("BAD SUMMARY INFORMATION"); 195 if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0) 196 errexit("%s\n", ""); 197 asked++; 198 } 199 } 200 /* 201 * allocate and initialize the necessary maps 202 */ 203 bmapsize = roundup(howmany(maxfsblock, NBBY), sizeof(int16_t)); 204 blockmap = calloc((unsigned)bmapsize, sizeof (char)); 205 if (blockmap == NULL) { 206 printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for blockmap\n", 207 (unsigned)bmapsize); 208 goto badsblabel; 209 } 210 statemap = calloc((unsigned)(maxino + 2), sizeof(char)); 211 if (statemap == NULL) { 212 printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for statemap\n", 213 (unsigned)(maxino + 1)); 214 goto badsblabel; 215 } 216 typemap = calloc((unsigned)(maxino + 1), sizeof(char)); 217 if (typemap == NULL) { 218 printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for typemap\n", 219 (unsigned)(maxino + 1)); 220 goto badsblabel; 221 } 222 lncntp = (int16_t *)calloc((unsigned)(maxino + 1), sizeof(int16_t)); 223 if (lncntp == NULL) { 224 printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for lncntp\n", 225 (unsigned)((maxino + 1) * sizeof(int16_t))); 226 goto badsblabel; 227 } 228 for (numdirs = 0, cg = 0; cg < sblock.e2fs_ncg; cg++) { 229 numdirs += letoh16(sblock.e2fs_gd[cg].ext2bgd_ndirs); 230 } 231 inplast = 0; 232 listmax = numdirs + 10; 233 inpsort = (struct inoinfo **)calloc((unsigned)listmax, 234 sizeof(struct inoinfo *)); 235 inphead = (struct inoinfo **)calloc((unsigned)numdirs, 236 sizeof(struct inoinfo *)); 237 if (inpsort == NULL || inphead == NULL) { 238 printf("cannot alloc %u bytes for inphead\n", 239 (unsigned)(numdirs * sizeof(struct inoinfo *))); 240 goto badsblabel; 241 } 242 bufinit(); 243 return (1); 244 245badsblabel: 246 ckfini(0); 247 return (0); 248} 249 250/* 251 * Read in the super block and its summary info. 252 */ 253static int 254readsb(int listerr) 255{ 256 daddr32_t super = bflag ? bflag : SBOFF / DEV_BSIZE; 257 258 if (bread(fsreadfd, (char *)sblk.b_un.b_fs, super, (long)SBSIZE) != 0) 259 return (0); 260 sblk.b_bno = super; 261 sblk.b_size = SBSIZE; 262 263 /* Copy the superblock in memory */ 264 e2fs_sbload(sblk.b_un.b_fs, &sblock.e2fs); 265 266 /* 267 * run a few consistency checks of the super block 268 */ 269 if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_magic != E2FS_MAGIC) { 270 badsb(listerr, "MAGIC NUMBER WRONG"); return (0); 271 } 272 if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize > 2) { 273 badsb(listerr, "BAD LOG_BSIZE"); return (0); 274 } 275 if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg == 0) { 276 badsb(listerr, "BAD BLOCKS PER GROUP"); return (0); 277 } 278 279 /* compute the dynamic fields of the in-memory sb */ 280 /* compute dynamic sb infos */ 281 sblock.e2fs_ncg = 282 howmany(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount - sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock, 283 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg); 284 /* XXX assume hw bsize = 512 */ 285 sblock.e2fs_fsbtodb = sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize + 1; 286 sblock.e2fs_bsize = 1024 << sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize; 287 sblock.e2fs_bshift = LOG_MINBSIZE + sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize; 288 sblock.e2fs_qbmask = sblock.e2fs_bsize - 1; 289 sblock.e2fs_bmask = ~sblock.e2fs_qbmask; 290 sblock.e2fs_ngdb = howmany(sblock.e2fs_ncg, 291 sblock.e2fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ext2_gd)); 292 sblock.e2fs_ipb = sblock.e2fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ext2fs_dinode); 293 sblock.e2fs_itpg = sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ipg/sblock.e2fs_ipb; 294 295 /* 296 * Compute block size that the filesystem is based on, 297 * according to fsbtodb, and adjust superblock block number 298 * so we can tell if this is an alternate later. 299 */ 300 sblk.b_bno = super / DEV_BSIZE; 301 302 if (sblock.e2fs_ncg == 1) { 303 /* no alternate superblock; assume it's okey */ 304 havesb = 1; 305 return 1; 306 } 307 308 getblk(&asblk, 1 * sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg + sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock, 309 (long)SBSIZE); 310 if (asblk.b_errs) 311 return (0); 312 if (bflag) { 313 havesb = 1; 314 return (1); 315 } 316 317 /* 318 * Set all possible fields that could differ, then do check 319 * of whole super block against an alternate super block. 320 * When an alternate super-block is specified this check is skipped. 321 */ 322 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_rbcount = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_rbcount; 323 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_fbcount = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_fbcount; 324 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_ficount = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_ficount; 325 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_mtime = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_mtime; 326 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_wtime = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_wtime; 327 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_mnt_count = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_mnt_count; 328 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_max_mnt_count = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_max_mnt_count; 329 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_state = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_state; 330 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_beh = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_beh; 331 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_lastfsck = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_lastfsck; 332 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_fsckintv = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_fsckintv; 333 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_ruid = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_ruid; 334 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_rgid = sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_rgid; 335 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_block_group_nr = 336 sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_block_group_nr; 337 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_features_rocompat &= ~EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_LARGEFILE; 338 asblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_features_rocompat |= 339 sblk.b_un.b_fs->e2fs_features_rocompat & EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_LARGEFILE; 340 if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev > E2FS_REV0 && 341 ((sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_incompat & ~EXT2F_INCOMPAT_SUPP) || 342 (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_rocompat & ~EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_SUPP))) { 343 if (debug) { 344 printf("compat 0x%08x, incompat 0x%08x, compat_ro " 345 "0x%08x\n", 346 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_compat, 347 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_incompat, 348 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_rocompat); 349 } 350 badsb(listerr,"INCOMPATIBLE FEATURE BITS IN SUPER BLOCK"); 351 return 0; 352 } 353 if (memcmp(sblk.b_un.b_fs, asblk.b_un.b_fs, SBSIZE)) { 354 if (debug) { 355 u_int32_t *nlp, *olp, *endlp; 356 357 printf("superblock mismatches\n"); 358 nlp = (u_int32_t *)asblk.b_un.b_fs; 359 olp = (u_int32_t *)sblk.b_un.b_fs; 360 endlp = olp + (SBSIZE / sizeof *olp); 361 for ( ; olp < endlp; olp++, nlp++) { 362 if (*olp == *nlp) 363 continue; 364 printf("offset %ld, original %ld, alternate %ld\n", 365 (long)(olp - (u_int32_t *)sblk.b_un.b_fs), 366 (long)letoh32(*olp), 367 (long)letoh32(*nlp)); 368 } 369 } 370 badsb(listerr, 371 "VALUES IN SUPER BLOCK DISAGREE WITH THOSE IN FIRST ALTERNATE"); 372 return (0); 373 } 374 havesb = 1; 375 return (1); 376} 377 378void 379copyback_sb(struct bufarea *bp) 380{ 381 /* Copy the in-memory superblock back to buffer */ 382 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_icount = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_icount); 383 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_bcount = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bcount); 384 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_rbcount = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rbcount); 385 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_fbcount = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fbcount); 386 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_ficount = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ficount); 387 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_first_dblock = 388 letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock); 389 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_log_bsize = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize); 390 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_log_fsize = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_log_fsize); 391 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_bpg = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_bpg); 392 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_fpg = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fpg); 393 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_ipg = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ipg); 394 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_mtime = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_mtime); 395 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_wtime = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_wtime); 396 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_lastfsck = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_lastfsck); 397 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_fsckintv = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_fsckintv); 398 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_creator = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_creator); 399 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_rev = letoh32(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev); 400 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_mnt_count = letoh16(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_mnt_count); 401 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_max_mnt_count = 402 letoh16(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_max_mnt_count); 403 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_magic = letoh16(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_magic); 404 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_state = letoh16(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_state); 405 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_beh = letoh16(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_beh); 406 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_ruid = letoh16(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_ruid); 407 bp->b_un.b_fs->e2fs_rgid = letoh16(sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rgid); 408} 409 410void 411badsb(int listerr, char *s) 412{ 413 414 if (!listerr) 415 return; 416 if (preen) 417 printf("%s: ", cdevname()); 418 pfatal("BAD SUPER BLOCK: %s\n", s); 419} 420 421/* 422 * Calculate a prototype superblock based on information in the disk label. 423 * When done the cgsblock macro can be calculated and the fs_ncg field 424 * can be used. Do NOT attempt to use other macros without verifying that 425 * their needed information is available! 426 */ 427 428int 429calcsb(char *dev, int devfd, struct m_ext2fs *fs) 430{ 431 struct disklabel *lp; 432 struct partition *pp; 433 char *cp; 434 435 cp = strchr(dev, '\0'); 436 if ((cp == NULL || (cp[-1] < 'a' || cp[-1] >= 'a' + MAXPARTITIONS)) && 437 !isdigit((unsigned char)cp[-1])) { 438 pfatal("%s: CANNOT FIGURE OUT FILE SYSTEM PARTITION\n", dev); 439 return (0); 440 } 441 cp--; 442 lp = getdisklabel(dev, devfd); 443 if (isdigit((unsigned char)*cp)) 444 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 445 else 446 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 447 if (pp->p_fstype != FS_EXT2FS) { 448 pfatal("%s: NOT LABELED AS A EXT2 FILE SYSTEM (%s)\n", 449 dev, pp->p_fstype < FSMAXTYPES ? 450 fstypenames[pp->p_fstype] : "unknown"); 451 return (0); 452 } 453 memset(fs, 0, sizeof(struct m_ext2fs)); 454 fs->e2fs_bsize = DISKLABELV1_FFS_FSIZE(pp->p_fragblock); /* XXX */ 455 fs->e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize = fs->e2fs_bsize / 1024; 456 fs->e2fs.e2fs_bcount = (pp->p_size * DEV_BSIZE) / fs->e2fs_bsize; 457 fs->e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock = (fs->e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize == 0) ? 1 : 0; 458 fs->e2fs.e2fs_bpg = fs->e2fs_bsize * NBBY; 459 fs->e2fs_bshift = LOG_MINBSIZE + fs->e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize; 460 fs->e2fs_qbmask = fs->e2fs_bsize - 1; 461 fs->e2fs_bmask = ~fs->e2fs_qbmask; 462 fs->e2fs_ncg = 463 howmany(fs->e2fs.e2fs_bcount - fs->e2fs.e2fs_first_dblock, 464 fs->e2fs.e2fs_bpg); 465 fs->e2fs_fsbtodb = fs->e2fs.e2fs_log_bsize + 1; 466 fs->e2fs_ngdb = howmany(fs->e2fs_ncg, 467 fs->e2fs_bsize / sizeof(struct ext2_gd)); 468 469 return (1); 470} 471 472static struct disklabel * 473getdisklabel(char *s, int fd) 474{ 475 static struct disklabel lab; 476 477 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 478 if (s == NULL) 479 return ((struct disklabel *)NULL); 480 pwarn("ioctl (GCINFO): %s\n", strerror(errno)); 481 errexit("%s: can't read disk label\n", s); 482 } 483 return (&lab); 484} 485 486daddr32_t 487cgoverhead(int c) 488{ 489 int overh; 490 overh = 1 /* block bitmap */ + 491 1 /* inode bitmap */ + 492 sblock.e2fs_itpg; 493 if (sblock.e2fs.e2fs_rev > E2FS_REV0 && 494 sblock.e2fs.e2fs_features_rocompat & EXT2F_ROCOMPAT_SPARSESUPER) { 495 if (cg_has_sb(c) == 0) 496 return overh; 497 } 498 overh += 1 + sblock.e2fs_ngdb; 499 return overh; 500} 501