resolve.c revision 1.73
1/*	$OpenBSD: resolve.c,v 1.73 2016/07/04 21:15:06 guenther Exp $ */
2
3/*
4 * Copyright (c) 1998 Per Fogelstrom, Opsycon AB
5 *
6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * are met:
9 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 *
15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
21 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
22 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
23 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
24 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
25 * SUCH DAMAGE.
26 *
27 */
28
29#define _DYN_LOADER
30
31#include <sys/types.h>
32
33#include <limits.h>
34#include <nlist.h>
35#include <link.h>
36#include "syscall.h"
37#include "archdep.h"
38#include "path.h"
39#include "resolve.h"
40
41/* substitution types */
42typedef enum {
43	SUBST_UNKNOWN, SUBST_ORIGIN, SUBST_OSNAME, SUBST_OSREL, SUBST_PLATFORM
44} SUBST_TYPES;
45
46elf_object_t *_dl_objects;
47elf_object_t *_dl_last_object;
48elf_object_t *_dl_loading_object;
49
50/*
51 * Add a new dynamic object to the object list.
52 */
53void
54_dl_add_object(elf_object_t *object)
55{
56	/*
57	 * If a .so is marked nodelete, then the entire load group that it's
58	 * in needs to be kept around forever, so add a reference there.
59	 * XXX It would be better if we tracked inter-object dependencies
60	 * from relocations and didn't leave dangling pointers when a load
61	 * group was partially unloaded.  That would render this unnecessary.
62	 */
63	if (object->obj_flags & DF_1_NODELETE &&
64	    (object->load_object->status & STAT_NODELETE) == 0) {
65		DL_DEB(("objname %s is nodelete\n", object->load_name));
66		object->load_object->opencount++;
67		object->load_object->status |= STAT_NODELETE;
68	}
69
70	/*
71	 * if this is a new object, prev will be NULL
72	 * != NULL if an object already in the list
73	 * prev == NULL for the first item in the list, but that will
74	 * be the executable.
75	 */
76	if (object->prev != NULL)
77		return;
78
79	if (_dl_objects == NULL) {			/* First object ? */
80		_dl_last_object = _dl_objects = object;
81	} else {
82		_dl_last_object->next = object;
83		object->prev = _dl_last_object;
84		_dl_last_object = object;
85	}
86}
87
88/*
89 * Identify substitution sequence name.
90 */
91static int
92_dl_subst_name(const char *name, size_t siz) {
93	switch (siz) {
94	case 5:
95		if (_dl_strncmp(name, "OSREL", 5) == 0)
96			return SUBST_OSREL;
97		break;
98	case 6:
99		if (_dl_strncmp(name, "ORIGIN", 6) == 0)
100			return SUBST_ORIGIN;
101		if (_dl_strncmp(name, "OSNAME", 6) == 0)
102			return SUBST_OSNAME;
103		break;
104	case 8:
105		if (_dl_strncmp(name, "PLATFORM", 8) == 0)
106			return SUBST_PLATFORM;
107		break;
108	}
109
110	return (SUBST_UNKNOWN);
111}
112
113/*
114 * Perform $ORIGIN substitutions on path
115 */
116static void
117_dl_origin_subst_path(elf_object_t *object, const char *origin_path,
118    char **path)
119{
120	char tmp_path[PATH_MAX];
121	char *new_path, *tp;
122	const char *pp, *name, *value;
123	static struct utsname uts;
124	size_t value_len;
125	int skip_brace;
126
127	if (uts.sysname[0] == '\0') {
128		if (_dl_uname(&uts) != 0)
129			return;
130	}
131
132	tp = tmp_path;
133	pp = *path;
134
135	while (*pp != '\0' && (tp - tmp_path) < sizeof(tmp_path)) {
136
137		/* copy over chars up to but not including $ */
138		while (*pp != '\0' && *pp != '$' &&
139		    (tp - tmp_path) < sizeof(tmp_path))
140			*tp++ = *pp++;
141
142		/* substitution sequence detected */
143		if (*pp == '$' && (tp - tmp_path) < sizeof(tmp_path)) {
144			pp++;
145
146			if ((skip_brace = (*pp == '{')))
147				pp++;
148
149			/* skip over name */
150			name = pp;
151			while (_dl_isalnum((unsigned char)*pp) || *pp == '_')
152				pp++;
153
154			switch (_dl_subst_name(name, pp - name)) {
155			case SUBST_ORIGIN:
156				value = origin_path;
157				break;
158			case SUBST_OSNAME:
159				value = uts.sysname;
160				break;
161			case SUBST_OSREL:
162				value = uts.release;
163				break;
164			case SUBST_PLATFORM:
165				value = uts.machine;
166				break;
167			default:
168				value = "";
169			}
170
171			value_len = _dl_strlen(value);
172			if (value_len >= sizeof(tmp_path) - (tp - tmp_path))
173				return;
174
175			_dl_bcopy(value, tp, value_len);
176			tp += value_len;
177
178			if (skip_brace && *pp == '}')
179				pp++;
180		}
181	}
182
183	/* no substitution made if result exceeds sizeof(tmp_path) */
184	if (tp - tmp_path >= sizeof(tmp_path))
185		return;
186
187	/* NULL terminate tmp_path */
188	*tp = '\0';
189
190	if (_dl_strcmp(tmp_path, *path) == 0)
191		return;
192
193	new_path = _dl_strdup(tmp_path);
194	if (new_path == NULL)
195		return;
196
197	DL_DEB(("orig_path %s\n", *path));
198	DL_DEB(("new_path  %s\n", new_path));
199
200	_dl_free(*path);
201	*path = new_path;
202}
203
204/*
205 * Determine origin_path from object load_name. The origin_path argument
206 * must refer to a buffer capable of storing at least PATH_MAX characters.
207 * Returns 0 on success.
208 */
209static int
210_dl_origin_path(elf_object_t *object, char *origin_path)
211{
212	const char *dirname_path = _dl_dirname(object->load_name);
213
214	if (dirname_path == NULL)
215		return -1;
216
217	if (_dl_realpath(dirname_path, origin_path) == NULL)
218		return -1;
219
220	return 0;
221}
222
223/*
224 * Perform $ORIGIN substitutions on rpath
225 */
226static void
227_dl_origin_subst(elf_object_t *object)
228{
229	char origin_path[PATH_MAX];
230	char **pp;
231
232	if (_dl_origin_path(object, origin_path) != 0)
233		return;
234
235	/* perform path substitutions on each segment of rpath */
236	for (pp = object->rpath; *pp != NULL; pp++) {
237		_dl_origin_subst_path(object, origin_path, pp);
238	}
239}
240
241/*
242 * Initialize a new dynamic object.
243 */
244elf_object_t *
245_dl_finalize_object(const char *objname, Elf_Dyn *dynp, Elf_Phdr *phdrp,
246    int phdrc, const int objtype, const long lbase, const long obase)
247{
248	elf_object_t *object;
249#if 0
250	_dl_printf("objname [%s], dynp %p, objtype %x lbase %lx, obase %lx\n",
251	    objname, dynp, objtype, lbase, obase);
252#endif
253	object = _dl_calloc(1, sizeof(elf_object_t));
254	if (object == NULL)
255		_dl_exit(7);
256	object->prev = object->next = NULL;
257
258	object->load_dyn = dynp;
259	while (dynp->d_tag != DT_NULL) {
260		if (dynp->d_tag < DT_NUM)
261			object->Dyn.info[dynp->d_tag] = dynp->d_un.d_val;
262		else if (dynp->d_tag >= DT_LOPROC &&
263		    dynp->d_tag < DT_LOPROC + DT_PROCNUM)
264			object->Dyn.info[dynp->d_tag + DT_NUM - DT_LOPROC] =
265			    dynp->d_un.d_val;
266		if (dynp->d_tag == DT_TEXTREL)
267			object->dyn.textrel = 1;
268		if (dynp->d_tag == DT_SYMBOLIC)
269			object->dyn.symbolic = 1;
270		if (dynp->d_tag == DT_BIND_NOW)
271			object->obj_flags |= DF_1_NOW;
272		if (dynp->d_tag == DT_FLAGS_1)
273			object->obj_flags |= dynp->d_un.d_val;
274		if (dynp->d_tag == DT_RELACOUNT)
275			object->relacount = dynp->d_un.d_val;
276		if (dynp->d_tag == DT_RELCOUNT)
277			object->relcount = dynp->d_un.d_val;
278		dynp++;
279	}
280	DL_DEB((" flags %s = 0x%x\n", objname, object->obj_flags ));
281	object->obj_type = objtype;
282
283	if (_dl_loading_object == NULL) {
284		/*
285		 * no loading object, object is the loading object,
286		 * as it is either executable, or dlopened()
287		 */
288		_dl_loading_object = object;
289	}
290
291	if ((object->obj_flags & DF_1_NOOPEN) != 0 &&
292	    _dl_loading_object->obj_type == OBJTYPE_DLO &&
293	    _dl_traceld == NULL) {
294		_dl_free(object);
295		_dl_errno = DL_CANT_LOAD_OBJ;
296		return(NULL);
297	}
298
299	/*
300	 *  Now relocate all pointer to dynamic info, but only
301	 *  the ones which have pointer values.
302	 */
303	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_PLTGOT])
304		object->Dyn.info[DT_PLTGOT] += obase;
305	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_HASH])
306		object->Dyn.info[DT_HASH] += obase;
307	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_STRTAB])
308		object->Dyn.info[DT_STRTAB] += obase;
309	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_SYMTAB])
310		object->Dyn.info[DT_SYMTAB] += obase;
311	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_RELA])
312		object->Dyn.info[DT_RELA] += obase;
313	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_SONAME])
314		object->Dyn.info[DT_SONAME] += object->Dyn.info[DT_STRTAB];
315	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_RPATH])
316		object->Dyn.info[DT_RPATH] += object->Dyn.info[DT_STRTAB];
317	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_REL])
318		object->Dyn.info[DT_REL] += obase;
319	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_INIT])
320		object->Dyn.info[DT_INIT] += obase;
321	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_FINI])
322		object->Dyn.info[DT_FINI] += obase;
323	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_JMPREL])
324		object->Dyn.info[DT_JMPREL] += obase;
325
326	if (object->Dyn.info[DT_HASH] != 0) {
327		Elf_Word *hashtab = (Elf_Word *)object->Dyn.info[DT_HASH];
328
329		object->nbuckets = hashtab[0];
330		object->nchains = hashtab[1];
331		object->buckets = hashtab + 2;
332		object->chains = object->buckets + object->nbuckets;
333	}
334
335	object->phdrp = phdrp;
336	object->phdrc = phdrc;
337	object->load_base = lbase;
338	object->obj_base = obase;
339	object->load_name = _dl_strdup(objname);
340	if (object->load_name == NULL)
341		_dl_exit(7);
342	object->load_object = _dl_loading_object;
343	if (object->load_object == object)
344		DL_DEB(("head %s\n", object->load_name));
345	DL_DEB(("obj %s has %s as head\n", object->load_name,
346	    _dl_loading_object->load_name ));
347	object->refcount = 0;
348	TAILQ_INIT(&object->child_list);
349	object->opencount = 0;	/* # dlopen() & exe */
350	object->grprefcount = 0;
351	/* default dev, inode for dlopen-able objects. */
352	object->dev = 0;
353	object->inode = 0;
354	object->grpsym_gen = 0;
355	TAILQ_INIT(&object->grpsym_list);
356	TAILQ_INIT(&object->grpref_list);
357
358	if (object->dyn.rpath) {
359		object->rpath = _dl_split_path(object->dyn.rpath);
360		if ((object->obj_flags & DF_1_ORIGIN) && _dl_trust)
361			_dl_origin_subst(object);
362	}
363
364	_dl_trace_object_setup(object);
365
366	return (object);
367}
368
369static void
370_dl_tailq_free(struct dep_node *n)
371{
372	struct dep_node *next;
373
374	while (n != NULL) {
375		next = TAILQ_NEXT(n, next_sib);
376		_dl_free(n);
377		n = next;
378	}
379}
380
381elf_object_t *free_objects;
382
383void
384_dl_cleanup_objects()
385{
386	elf_object_t *nobj, *head;
387	struct dep_node *n, *next;
388
389	n = TAILQ_FIRST(&_dlopened_child_list);
390	while (n != NULL) {
391		next = TAILQ_NEXT(n, next_sib);
392		if (OBJECT_DLREF_CNT(n->data) == 0) {
393			TAILQ_REMOVE(&_dlopened_child_list, n, next_sib);
394			_dl_free(n);
395		}
396		n = next;
397	}
398
399	head = free_objects;
400	free_objects = NULL;
401	while (head != NULL) {
402		if (head->load_name)
403			_dl_free(head->load_name);
404		if (head->sod.sod_name)
405			_dl_free((char *)head->sod.sod_name);
406		if (head->rpath)
407			_dl_free_path(head->rpath);
408		_dl_tailq_free(TAILQ_FIRST(&head->grpsym_list));
409		_dl_tailq_free(TAILQ_FIRST(&head->child_list));
410		_dl_tailq_free(TAILQ_FIRST(&head->grpref_list));
411		nobj = head->next;
412		_dl_free(head);
413		head = nobj;
414	}
415}
416
417void
418_dl_remove_object(elf_object_t *object)
419{
420	object->prev->next = object->next;
421	if (object->next)
422		object->next->prev = object->prev;
423
424	if (_dl_last_object == object)
425		_dl_last_object = object->prev;
426
427	object->next = free_objects;
428	free_objects = object;
429}
430
431/*
432 * mprotect a segment to the indicated protection.  If 'addr' is non-zero,
433 * then it's the start address, else the value of 'start_sym' is the start.
434 * The value of 'end_sym' is the end address.  The start is rounded down
435 * and the end is rounded up to page boundaries.  Returns 'addr' or the
436 * address of the start symbol.
437 */
438void *
439_dl_protect_segment(elf_object_t *object, Elf_Addr addr,
440    const char *start_sym, const char *end_sym, int prot)
441{
442	const Elf_Sym *this;
443	Elf_Addr ooff, start, end;
444
445	if (addr == 0) {
446		this = NULL;
447		ooff = _dl_find_symbol(start_sym, &this,
448		    SYM_SEARCH_OBJ | SYM_NOWARNNOTFOUND | SYM_PLT, NULL,
449		    object, NULL);
450		/* If not found, nothing to do */
451		if (this == NULL)
452			return (NULL);
453		addr = ooff + this->st_value;
454	}
455
456	this = NULL;
457	ooff = _dl_find_symbol(end_sym, &this,
458	    SYM_SEARCH_OBJ | SYM_NOWARNNOTFOUND | SYM_PLT, NULL, object, NULL);
459	if (this == NULL)
460		addr = 0;
461	else {
462		end = ooff + this->st_value;
463		if (addr < end) {
464			start = ELF_TRUNC(addr, _dl_pagesz);
465			end = ELF_ROUND(end, _dl_pagesz);
466			_dl_mprotect((void *)start, end - start, prot);
467		}
468	}
469
470	return ((void *)addr);
471}
472
473
474sym_cache *_dl_symcache;
475int _dl_symcachestat_hits;
476int _dl_symcachestat_lookups;
477
478
479Elf_Addr
480_dl_find_symbol_bysym(elf_object_t *req_obj, unsigned int symidx,
481    const Elf_Sym **this, int flags, const Elf_Sym *ref_sym, const elf_object_t **pobj)
482{
483	Elf_Addr ret;
484	const Elf_Sym *sym;
485	const char *symn;
486	const elf_object_t *sobj;
487
488	_dl_symcachestat_lookups ++;
489	if (_dl_symcache != NULL &&
490	    symidx < req_obj->nchains &&
491	    _dl_symcache[symidx].obj != NULL &&
492	    _dl_symcache[symidx].sym != NULL &&
493	    _dl_symcache[symidx].flags == flags) {
494
495		_dl_symcachestat_hits++;
496		sobj = _dl_symcache[symidx].obj;
497		*this = _dl_symcache[symidx].sym;
498		if (pobj)
499			*pobj = sobj;
500		return sobj->obj_base;
501	}
502
503	sym = req_obj->dyn.symtab;
504	sym += symidx;
505	symn = req_obj->dyn.strtab + sym->st_name;
506
507	ret = _dl_find_symbol(symn, this, flags, ref_sym, req_obj, &sobj);
508
509	if (pobj)
510		*pobj = sobj;
511
512	if (_dl_symcache != NULL && symidx < req_obj->nchains) {
513#if 0
514		DL_DEB(("cache miss %d %p %p, %p %p %s %s %d %d %s\n",
515		    symidx,
516		    _dl_symcache[symidx].sym, *this,
517		    _dl_symcache[symidx].obj, sobj, sobj->load_name,
518		    sobj->dyn.strtab + (*this)->st_name,
519		    _dl_symcache[symidx].flags, flags, req_obj->load_name));
520#endif
521
522		_dl_symcache[symidx].sym = *this;
523		_dl_symcache[symidx].obj = sobj;
524		_dl_symcache[symidx].flags = flags;
525	}
526
527	return ret;
528}
529
530static int
531_dl_find_symbol_obj(elf_object_t *object, const char *name, unsigned long hash,
532    int flags, const Elf_Sym **this, const Elf_Sym **weak_sym,
533    elf_object_t **weak_object)
534{
535	const Elf_Sym	*symt = object->dyn.symtab;
536	const char	*strt = object->dyn.strtab;
537	long	si;
538	const char *symn;
539
540	for (si = object->buckets[hash % object->nbuckets];
541	    si != STN_UNDEF; si = object->chains[si]) {
542		const Elf_Sym *sym = symt + si;
543
544		if (sym->st_value == 0)
545			continue;
546
547		if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_NOTYPE &&
548		    ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_OBJECT &&
549		    ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC)
550			continue;
551
552		symn = strt + sym->st_name;
553		if (sym != *this && _dl_strcmp(symn, name))
554			continue;
555
556		/* allow this symbol if we are referring to a function
557		 * which has a value, even if section is UNDEF.
558		 * this allows &func to refer to PLT as per the
559		 * ELF spec. st_value is checked above.
560		 * if flags has SYM_PLT set, we must have actual
561		 * symbol, so this symbol is skipped.
562		 */
563		if (sym->st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF) {
564			if ((flags & SYM_PLT) || sym->st_value == 0 ||
565			    ELF_ST_TYPE(sym->st_info) != STT_FUNC)
566				continue;
567		}
568
569		if (ELF_ST_BIND(sym->st_info) == STB_GLOBAL) {
570			*this = sym;
571			return 1;
572		} else if (ELF_ST_BIND(sym->st_info) == STB_WEAK) {
573			if (!*weak_sym) {
574				*weak_sym = sym;
575				*weak_object = object;
576			}
577		}
578	}
579	return 0;
580}
581
582Elf_Addr
583_dl_find_symbol(const char *name, const Elf_Sym **this,
584    int flags, const Elf_Sym *ref_sym, elf_object_t *req_obj,
585    const elf_object_t **pobj)
586{
587	const Elf_Sym *weak_sym = NULL;
588	unsigned long h = 0;
589	const char *p = name;
590	elf_object_t *object = NULL, *weak_object = NULL;
591	int found = 0;
592	struct dep_node *n, *m;
593
594
595	while (*p) {
596		unsigned long g;
597		h = (h << 4) + *p++;
598		if ((g = h & 0xf0000000))
599			h ^= g >> 24;
600		h &= ~g;
601	}
602
603	if (req_obj->dyn.symbolic)
604		if (_dl_find_symbol_obj(req_obj, name, h, flags, this, &weak_sym,
605		    &weak_object)) {
606			object = req_obj;
607			found = 1;
608			goto found;
609		}
610
611	if (flags & SYM_SEARCH_OBJ) {
612		if (_dl_find_symbol_obj(req_obj, name, h, flags, this,
613		    &weak_sym, &weak_object)) {
614			object = req_obj;
615			found = 1;
616		}
617	} else if (flags & SYM_DLSYM) {
618		if (_dl_find_symbol_obj(req_obj, name, h, flags, this,
619		    &weak_sym, &weak_object)) {
620			object = req_obj;
621			found = 1;
622		}
623		if (weak_object != NULL && found == 0) {
624			object=weak_object;
625			*this = weak_sym;
626			found = 1;
627		}
628		/* search dlopened obj and all children */
629
630		if (found == 0) {
631			TAILQ_FOREACH(n, &req_obj->load_object->grpsym_list,
632			    next_sib) {
633				if (_dl_find_symbol_obj(n->data, name, h,
634				    flags, this,
635				    &weak_sym, &weak_object)) {
636					object = n->data;
637					found = 1;
638					break;
639				}
640			}
641		}
642	} else {
643		int skip = 0;
644
645		if ((flags & SYM_SEARCH_SELF) || (flags & SYM_SEARCH_NEXT))
646			skip = 1;
647
648		/*
649		 * search dlopened objects: global or req_obj == dlopened_obj
650		 * and and it's children
651		 */
652		TAILQ_FOREACH(n, &_dlopened_child_list, next_sib) {
653			if (((n->data->obj_flags & DF_1_GLOBAL) == 0) &&
654			    (n->data != req_obj->load_object))
655				continue;
656
657			TAILQ_FOREACH(m, &n->data->grpsym_list, next_sib) {
658				if (skip == 1) {
659					if (m->data == req_obj) {
660						skip = 0;
661						if (flags & SYM_SEARCH_NEXT)
662							continue;
663					} else
664						continue;
665				}
666				if ((flags & SYM_SEARCH_OTHER) &&
667				    (m->data == req_obj))
668					continue;
669				if (_dl_find_symbol_obj(m->data, name, h, flags,
670				    this, &weak_sym, &weak_object)) {
671					object = m->data;
672					found = 1;
673					goto found;
674				}
675			}
676		}
677	}
678
679found:
680	if (weak_object != NULL && found == 0) {
681		object=weak_object;
682		*this = weak_sym;
683		found = 1;
684	}
685
686
687	if (found == 0) {
688		if ((ref_sym == NULL ||
689		    (ELF_ST_BIND(ref_sym->st_info) != STB_WEAK)) &&
690		    (flags & SYM_WARNNOTFOUND))
691			_dl_printf("%s:%s: undefined symbol '%s'\n",
692			    __progname, req_obj->load_name, name);
693		return (0);
694	}
695
696	if (ref_sym != NULL && ref_sym->st_size != 0 &&
697	    (ref_sym->st_size != (*this)->st_size)  &&
698	    (ELF_ST_TYPE((*this)->st_info) != STT_FUNC) ) {
699		_dl_printf("%s:%s: %s : WARNING: "
700		    "symbol(%s) size mismatch, relink your program\n",
701		    __progname, req_obj->load_name, object->load_name, name);
702	}
703
704	if (pobj)
705		*pobj = object;
706
707	return (object->obj_base);
708}
709
710void
711_dl_debug_state(void)
712{
713	/* Debugger stub */
714}
715