1=pod 2 3=head1 NAME 4 5ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool. 6 7=head1 SYNOPSIS 8 9B<openssl> B<ciphers> 10[B<-v>] 11[B<-ssl2>] 12[B<-ssl3>] 13[B<-tls1>] 14[B<cipherlist>] 15 16=head1 DESCRIPTION 17 18The B<cipherlist> command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered 19SSL cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine 20the appropriate cipherlist. 21 22=head1 COMMAND OPTIONS 23 24=over 4 25 26=item B<-v> 27 28verbose option. List ciphers with a complete description of 29protocol version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes TLS), key exchange, 30authentication, encryption and mac algorithms used along with any key size 31restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed as an "export" cipher. 32Note that without the B<-v> option, ciphers may seem to appear twice 33in a cipher list; this is when similar ciphers are available for 34SSL v2 and for SSL v3/TLS v1. 35 36=item B<-ssl3> 37 38only include SSL v3 ciphers. 39 40=item B<-ssl2> 41 42only include SSL v2 ciphers. 43 44=item B<-tls1> 45 46only include TLS v1 ciphers. 47 48=item B<-h>, B<-?> 49 50print a brief usage message. 51 52=item B<cipherlist> 53 54a cipher list to convert to a cipher preference list. If it is not included 55then the default cipher list will be used. The format is described below. 56 57=back 58 59=head1 CIPHER LIST FORMAT 60 61The cipher list consists of one or more I<cipher strings> separated by colons. 62Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are normally used. 63 64The actual cipher string can take several different forms. 65 66It can consist of a single cipher suite such as B<RC4-SHA>. 67 68It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a certain algorithm, or 69cipher suites of a certain type. For example B<SHA1> represents all ciphers 70suites using the digest algorithm SHA1 and B<SSLv3> represents all SSL v3 71algorithms. 72 73Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using the 74B<+> character. This is used as a logical B<and> operation. For example 75B<SHA1+DES> represents all cipher suites containing the SHA1 B<and> the DES 76algorithms. 77 78Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the characters B<!>, 79B<-> or B<+>. 80 81If B<!> is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list. 82The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list even if they are 83explicitly stated. 84 85If B<-> is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or 86all of the ciphers can be added again by later options. 87 88If B<+> is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of the list. This 89option doesn't add any new ciphers it just moves matching existing ones. 90 91If none of these characters is present then the string is just interpreted 92as a list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference list. If the 93list includes any ciphers already present they will be ignored: that is they 94will not moved to the end of the list. 95 96Additionally the cipher string B<@STRENGTH> can be used at any point to sort 97the current cipher list in order of encryption algorithm key length. 98 99=head1 CIPHER STRINGS 100 101The following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their meanings. 102 103=over 4 104 105=item B<DEFAULT> 106 107the default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is normally 108B<ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH>. This must be the first cipher string 109specified. 110 111=item B<COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT> 112 113the ciphers included in B<ALL>, but not enabled by default. Currently 114this is B<ADH>. Note that this rule does not cover B<eNULL>, which is 115not included by B<ALL> (use B<COMPLEMENTOFALL> if necessary). 116 117=item B<ALL> 118 119all ciphers suites except the B<eNULL> ciphers which must be explicitly enabled. 120 121=item B<COMPLEMENTOFALL> 122 123the cipher suites not enabled by B<ALL>, currently being B<eNULL>. 124 125=item B<HIGH> 126 127"high" encryption cipher suites. This currently means those with key lengths larger 128than 128 bits, and some cipher suites with 128-bit keys. 129 130=item B<MEDIUM> 131 132"medium" encryption cipher suites, currently some of those using 128 bit encryption. 133 134=item B<LOW> 135 136"low" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 64 or 56 bit encryption algorithms 137but excluding export cipher suites. 138 139=item B<EXP>, B<EXPORT> 140 141export encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56 bits algorithms. 142 143=item B<EXPORT40> 144 14540 bit export encryption algorithms 146 147=item B<EXPORT56> 148 14956 bit export encryption algorithms. In OpenSSL 0.9.8c and later the set of 15056 bit export ciphers is empty unless OpenSSL has been explicitly configured 151with support for experimental ciphers. 152 153=item B<eNULL>, B<NULL> 154 155the "NULL" ciphers that is those offering no encryption. Because these offer no 156encryption at all and are a security risk they are disabled unless explicitly 157included. 158 159=item B<aNULL> 160 161the cipher suites offering no authentication. This is currently the anonymous 162DH algorithms. These cipher suites are vulnerable to a "man in the middle" 163attack and so their use is normally discouraged. 164 165=item B<kRSA>, B<RSA> 166 167cipher suites using RSA key exchange. 168 169=item B<kEDH> 170 171cipher suites using ephemeral DH key agreement. 172 173=item B<kDHr>, B<kDHd> 174 175cipher suites using DH key agreement and DH certificates signed by CAs with RSA 176and DSS keys respectively. Not implemented. 177 178=item B<aRSA> 179 180cipher suites using RSA authentication, i.e. the certificates carry RSA keys. 181 182=item B<aDSS>, B<DSS> 183 184cipher suites using DSS authentication, i.e. the certificates carry DSS keys. 185 186=item B<aDH> 187 188cipher suites effectively using DH authentication, i.e. the certificates carry 189DH keys. Not implemented. 190 191=item B<kFZA>, B<aFZA>, B<eFZA>, B<FZA> 192 193ciphers suites using FORTEZZA key exchange, authentication, encryption or all 194FORTEZZA algorithms. Not implemented. 195 196=item B<TLSv1>, B<SSLv3>, B<SSLv2> 197 198TLS v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respectively. 199 200=item B<DH> 201 202cipher suites using DH, including anonymous DH. 203 204=item B<ADH> 205 206anonymous DH cipher suites. 207 208=item B<AES> 209 210cipher suites using AES. 211 212=item B<3DES> 213 214cipher suites using triple DES. 215 216=item B<DES> 217 218cipher suites using DES (not triple DES). 219 220=item B<RC4> 221 222cipher suites using RC4. 223 224=item B<RC2> 225 226cipher suites using RC2. 227 228=item B<IDEA> 229 230cipher suites using IDEA. 231 232=item B<MD5> 233 234cipher suites using MD5. 235 236=item B<SHA1>, B<SHA> 237 238cipher suites using SHA1. 239 240=item B<Camellia> 241 242cipher suites using Camellia. 243 244=back 245 246=head1 CIPHER SUITE NAMES 247 248The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites names from the 249relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents. It should be noted, 250that several cipher suite names do not include the authentication used, 251e.g. DES-CBC3-SHA. In these cases, RSA authentication is used. 252 253=head2 SSL v3.0 cipher suites. 254 255 SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 256 SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA 257 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 258 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 259 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA 260 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 261 SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA 262 SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA 263 SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA 264 SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA 265 266 SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 267 SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 268 SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 269 SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 270 SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 271 SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 272 SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 273 SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA 274 SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA 275 SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 276 SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 277 SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA 278 279 SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 280 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 281 SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 282 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 283 SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA 284 285 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA Not implemented. 286 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 287 SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Not implemented. 288 289=head2 TLS v1.0 cipher suites. 290 291 TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5 292 TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA 293 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 294 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5 295 TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA 296 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5 297 TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA 298 TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA 299 TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA 300 TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA 301 302 TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 303 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 304 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 305 TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 306 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 307 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 308 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 309 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA 310 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA 311 TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 312 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA 313 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA 314 315 TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5 316 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5 317 TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 318 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA 319 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA 320 321=head2 AES ciphersuites from RFC3268, extending TLS v1.0 322 323 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA AES128-SHA 324 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA AES256-SHA 325 326 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES128-SHA 327 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES256-SHA 328 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES128-SHA 329 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES256-SHA 330 331 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA 332 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA 333 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA 334 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 335 336 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ADH-AES128-SHA 337 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA ADH-AES256-SHA 338 339=head2 Camellia ciphersuites from RFC4132, extending TLS v1.0 340 341 TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA CAMELLIA128-SHA 342 TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA CAMELLIA256-SHA 343 344 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 345 TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 346 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 347 TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA Not implemented. 348 349 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA128-SHA 350 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-CAMELLIA256-SHA 351 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA128-SHA 352 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-CAMELLIA256-SHA 353 354 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA ADH-CAMELLIA128-SHA 355 TLS_DH_anon_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA ADH-CAMELLIA256-SHA 356 357=head2 Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites 358 359Note: these ciphers can also be used in SSL v3. 360 361 TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA 362 TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-RC4-SHA 363 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA 364 TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA 365 TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA 366 367=head2 SSL v2.0 cipher suites. 368 369 SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5 RC4-MD5 370 SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5 371 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 RC2-MD5 372 SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC2-MD5 373 SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 IDEA-CBC-MD5 374 SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC-MD5 375 SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC3-MD5 376 377=head1 NOTES 378 379The non-ephemeral DH modes are currently unimplemented in OpenSSL 380because there is no support for DH certificates. 381 382Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all the ciphers 383listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time. 384 385=head1 EXAMPLES 386 387Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL ciphers: 388 389 openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL' 390 391Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then sort by 392strength: 393 394 openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH' 395 396Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers last: 397 398 openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA' 399 400Include all RC4 ciphers but leave out those without authentication: 401 402 openssl ciphers -v 'RC4:!COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT' 403 404Include all chiphers with RSA authentication but leave out ciphers without 405encryption. 406 407 openssl ciphers -v 'RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFALL' 408 409=head1 SEE ALSO 410 411L<s_client(1)|s_client(1)>, L<s_server(1)|s_server(1)>, L<ssl(3)|ssl(3)> 412 413=head1 HISTORY 414 415The B<COMPLENTOFALL> and B<COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT> selection options were 416added in version 0.9.7. 417 418=cut 419