savecore.c revision 1.46
1/*	$NetBSD: savecore.c,v 1.46 2000/12/08 22:03:23 wiz Exp $	*/
2
3/*-
4 * Copyright (c) 1986, 1992, 1993
5 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6 *
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 * are met:
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
17 *	This product includes software developed by the University of
18 *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
19 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21 *    without specific prior written permission.
22 *
23 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * SUCH DAMAGE.
34 */
35
36#include <sys/cdefs.h>
37#ifndef lint
38__COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1986, 1992, 1993\n\
39	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
40#endif /* not lint */
41
42#ifndef lint
43#if 0
44static char sccsid[] = "@(#)savecore.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
45#else
46__RCSID("$NetBSD: savecore.c,v 1.46 2000/12/08 22:03:23 wiz Exp $");
47#endif
48#endif /* not lint */
49
50#include <sys/param.h>
51#include <sys/stat.h>
52#include <sys/mount.h>
53#include <sys/syslog.h>
54#include <sys/time.h>
55#include <sys/sysctl.h>
56#include <machine/cpu.h>
57
58#include <dirent.h>
59#include <errno.h>
60#include <fcntl.h>
61#include <nlist.h>
62#include <paths.h>
63#include <stdio.h>
64#include <stdlib.h>
65#include <string.h>
66#include <time.h>
67#include <tzfile.h>
68#include <unistd.h>
69#include <limits.h>
70#include <kvm.h>
71
72extern FILE *zopen(const char *fname, const char *mode, int bits);
73
74#define KREAD(kd, addr, p)\
75	(kvm_read(kd, addr, (char *)(p), sizeof(*(p))) != sizeof(*(p)))
76
77struct nlist current_nl[] = {	/* Namelist for currently running system. */
78#define X_DUMPDEV	0
79	{ "_dumpdev" },
80#define X_DUMPLO	1
81	{ "_dumplo" },
82#define X_TIME		2
83	{ "_time" },
84#define	X_DUMPSIZE	3
85	{ "_dumpsize" },
86#define X_VERSION	4
87	{ "_version" },
88#define X_PANICSTR	5
89	{ "_panicstr" },
90#define	X_DUMPMAG	6
91	{ "_dumpmag" },
92	{ NULL },
93};
94int cursyms[] = { X_DUMPDEV, X_DUMPLO, X_VERSION, X_DUMPMAG, -1 };
95int dumpsyms[] = { X_TIME, X_DUMPSIZE, X_VERSION, X_PANICSTR, X_DUMPMAG, -1 };
96
97struct nlist dump_nl[] = {	/* Name list for dumped system. */
98	{ "_dumpdev" },		/* Entries MUST be the same as */
99	{ "_dumplo" },		/*	those in current_nl[].  */
100	{ "_time" },
101	{ "_dumpsize" },
102	{ "_version" },
103	{ "_panicstr" },
104	{ "_dumpmag" },
105	{ NULL },
106};
107
108/* Types match kernel declarations. */
109long	dumplo;				/* where dump starts on dumpdev */
110int	dumpmag;			/* magic number in dump */
111int	dumpsize;			/* amount of memory dumped */
112
113char	*kernel;			/* name of used kernel */
114char	*dirname;			/* directory to save dumps in */
115char	*ddname;			/* name of dump device */
116dev_t	dumpdev;			/* dump device */
117int	dumpfd;				/* read/write descriptor on block dev */
118kvm_t	*kd_dump;			/* kvm descriptor on block dev	*/
119time_t	now;				/* current date */
120char	panic_mesg[1024];
121long	panicstr;
122char	vers[1024];
123
124int	clear, compress, force, verbose;	/* flags */
125
126void	check_kmem(void);
127int	check_space(void);
128void	clear_dump(void);
129int	Create(char *, int);
130int	dump_exists(void);
131char	*find_dev(dev_t, int);
132int	get_crashtime(void);
133void	kmem_setup(void);
134void	log(int, char *, ...);
135void	Lseek(int, off_t, int);
136int	main(int, char *[]);
137int	Open(char *, int rw);
138char	*rawname(char *s);
139void	save_core(void);
140void	usage(void);
141void	Write(int, void *, int);
142
143int
144main(int argc, char *argv[])
145{
146	int ch;
147#ifdef CPU_BOOTED_KERNEL
148	int mib[2];
149	size_t size;
150	char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
151#endif
152
153	dirname = NULL;
154	kernel = NULL;
155
156	openlog("savecore", LOG_PERROR, LOG_DAEMON);
157
158	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cdfN:vz")) != -1)
159		switch(ch) {
160		case 'c':
161			clear = 1;
162			break;
163		case 'd':		/* Not documented. */
164		case 'v':
165			verbose = 1;
166			break;
167		case 'f':
168			force = 1;
169			break;
170		case 'N':
171			kernel = optarg;
172			break;
173		case 'z':
174			compress = 1;
175			break;
176		case '?':
177		default:
178			usage();
179		}
180	argc -= optind;
181	argv += optind;
182
183	if (argc != (clear ? 0 : 1))
184		usage();
185
186	if (!clear)
187		dirname = argv[0];
188
189	if (kernel == NULL) {
190		kernel = _PATH_UNIX;
191#ifdef CPU_BOOTED_KERNEL
192		/* find real boot-kernel name */
193		mib[0] = CTL_MACHDEP;
194		mib[1] = CPU_BOOTED_KERNEL;
195		size = sizeof(buf) - 1;
196		if (sysctl(mib, 2, buf + 1, &size, NULL, NULL) == 0) {
197			/*
198			 * traditionally, this sysctl returns the
199			 * relative path of the kernel with the
200			 * leading slash stripped -- could be empty,
201			 * though (e.g. when netbooting).
202			 */
203			if (buf[1] != '\0') {
204				buf[0] = '/';
205				kernel = buf;
206			}
207		}
208#endif
209	}
210
211	(void)time(&now);
212	kmem_setup();
213
214	if (clear) {
215		clear_dump();
216		exit(0);
217	}
218
219	if (!dump_exists() && !force)
220		exit(1);
221
222	check_kmem();
223
224	if (panicstr)
225		syslog(LOG_ALERT, "reboot after panic: %s", panic_mesg);
226	else
227		syslog(LOG_ALERT, "reboot");
228
229	if ((!get_crashtime() || !check_space()) && !force)
230		exit(1);
231
232	save_core();
233
234	clear_dump();
235	exit(0);
236}
237
238void
239kmem_setup(void)
240{
241	kvm_t *kd_kern;
242	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
243	int i, hdrsz;
244
245	/*
246	 * Some names we need for the currently running system, others for
247	 * the system that was running when the dump was made.  The values
248	 * obtained from the current system are used to look for things in
249	 * /dev/kmem that cannot be found in the kernel namelist, but are
250	 * presumed to be the same (since the disk partitions are probably
251	 * the same!)
252	 */
253	kd_kern = kvm_openfiles(kernel, NULL, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
254	if (kd_kern == NULL) {
255		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_openfiles: %s", kernel, errbuf);
256		exit(1);
257	}
258	if (kvm_nlist(kd_kern, current_nl) == -1)
259		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_nlist: %s", kernel,
260		    kvm_geterr(kd_kern));
261
262	for (i = 0; cursyms[i] != -1; i++)
263		if (current_nl[cursyms[i]].n_value == 0) {
264			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s not in namelist",
265			    kernel, current_nl[cursyms[i]].n_name);
266			exit(1);
267		}
268
269	if (KREAD(kd_kern, current_nl[X_DUMPDEV].n_value, &dumpdev) != 0) {
270		if (verbose)
271		    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_kern));
272		exit(1);
273	}
274	if (dumpdev == NODEV) {
275		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump (no dumpdev)");
276		exit(1);
277	}
278	if (KREAD(kd_kern, current_nl[X_DUMPLO].n_value, &dumplo) != 0) {
279		if (verbose)
280		    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_kern));
281		exit(1);
282	}
283	if (dumplo == -1) {
284	    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump (invalid dumplo)");
285	    exit(1);
286	}
287	dumplo *= DEV_BSIZE;
288	if (verbose)
289		(void)printf("dumplo = %ld (%ld * %ld)\n",
290		    (long)dumplo, (long)(dumplo / DEV_BSIZE), (long)DEV_BSIZE);
291	if (KREAD(kd_kern, current_nl[X_DUMPMAG].n_value, &dumpmag) != 0) {
292		if (verbose)
293		    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_kern));
294		exit(1);
295	}
296
297	(void)kvm_read(kd_kern, current_nl[X_VERSION].n_value, vers,
298	    sizeof(vers));
299	vers[sizeof(vers) - 1] = '\0';
300
301	ddname = find_dev(dumpdev, S_IFBLK);
302	dumpfd = Open(ddname, O_RDWR);
303
304	kd_dump = kvm_openfiles(kernel, ddname, NULL, O_RDWR, errbuf);
305	if (kd_dump == NULL) {
306		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_openfiles: %s", kernel, errbuf);
307		exit(1);
308	}
309
310	if (kvm_nlist(kd_dump, dump_nl) == -1)
311		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_nlist: %s", kernel,
312		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
313
314	for (i = 0; dumpsyms[i] != -1; i++)
315		if (dump_nl[dumpsyms[i]].n_value == 0) {
316			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s not in namelist",
317			    kernel, dump_nl[dumpsyms[i]].n_name);
318			exit(1);
319		}
320	hdrsz = kvm_dump_mkheader(kd_dump, (off_t)dumplo);
321
322	/*
323	 * If 'hdrsz' == 0, kvm_dump_mkheader() failed on the magic-number
324	 * checks, ergo no dump is present...
325	 */
326	if (hdrsz == 0) {
327		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump");
328		exit(1);
329	}
330	if (hdrsz == -1) {
331		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_dump_mkheader: %s", kernel,
332		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
333		exit(1);
334	}
335	dumplo += hdrsz;
336	kvm_close(kd_kern);
337}
338
339void
340check_kmem(void)
341{
342	char *cp;
343	long panicloc;
344	char core_vers[1024];
345
346	(void)kvm_read(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_VERSION].n_value, core_vers,
347	    sizeof(core_vers));
348	core_vers[sizeof(core_vers) - 1] = '\0';
349
350	if (strcmp(vers, core_vers) && kernel == 0)
351		syslog(LOG_WARNING,
352		    "warning: %s version mismatch:\n\t%s\nand\t%s\n",
353		    kernel, vers, core_vers);
354
355	if (KREAD(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_PANICSTR].n_value, &panicstr) != 0) {
356		if (verbose)
357		    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
358		return;
359	}
360	if (panicstr) {
361		cp = panic_mesg;
362		panicloc = panicstr;
363		do {
364			if (KREAD(kd_dump, panicloc, cp) != 0) {
365				if (verbose)
366				    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s",
367					kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
368				break;
369			}
370			panicloc++;
371		} while (*cp++ && cp < &panic_mesg[sizeof(panic_mesg)-1]);
372		panic_mesg[sizeof(panic_mesg) - 1] = '\0';
373	}
374}
375
376int
377dump_exists(void)
378{
379	int newdumpmag;
380
381	if (KREAD(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_DUMPMAG].n_value, &newdumpmag) != 0) {
382		if (verbose)
383		    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
384		return (0);
385	}
386
387	/* Read the dump size. */
388	if (KREAD(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_DUMPSIZE].n_value, &dumpsize) != 0) {
389		if (verbose)
390		    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
391		return (0);
392	}
393	dumpsize *= getpagesize();
394
395	/*
396	 * Return zero if core dump doesn't seem to be there, and note
397	 * it for syslog.  This check and return happens after the dump size
398	 * is read, so dumpsize is whether or not the core is valid (for -f).
399	 */
400	if (newdumpmag != dumpmag) {
401		if (verbose)
402			syslog(LOG_WARNING,
403			    "magic number mismatch (0x%x != 0x%x)",
404			    newdumpmag, dumpmag);
405		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "no core dump");
406		return (0);
407	}
408	return (1);
409}
410
411void
412clear_dump(void)
413{
414	if (kvm_dump_inval(kd_dump) == -1)
415		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: kvm_clear_dump: %s", ddname,
416		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
417
418}
419
420char buf[1024 * 1024];
421
422void
423save_core(void)
424{
425	FILE *fp;
426	int bounds, ifd, nr, nw, ofd;
427	char *rawp, path[MAXPATHLEN];
428
429	ofd = -1;
430	/*
431	 * Get the current number and update the bounds file.  Do the update
432	 * now, because may fail later and don't want to overwrite anything.
433	 */
434	umask(066);
435	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/bounds", dirname);
436	if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
437		goto err1;
438	if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp) == NULL) {
439		if (ferror(fp))
440err1:			syslog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: %m", path);
441		bounds = 0;
442	} else
443		bounds = atoi(buf);
444	if (fp != NULL)
445		(void)fclose(fp);
446	if ((fp = fopen(path, "w")) == NULL)
447		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", path);
448	else {
449		(void)fprintf(fp, "%d\n", bounds + 1);
450		(void)fclose(fp);
451	}
452
453	/* Create the core file. */
454	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/netbsd.%d.core%s",
455	    dirname, bounds, compress ? ".Z" : "");
456	if (compress) {
457		if ((fp = zopen(path, "w", 0)) == NULL) {
458			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", path);
459			exit(1);
460		}
461	} else {
462		ofd = Create(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
463		fp  = fdopen(ofd, "w");
464		if (fp == NULL) {
465			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: fdopen: %m", path);
466			exit(1);
467		}
468	}
469
470	/* Open the raw device. */
471	rawp = rawname(ddname);
472	if ((ifd = open(rawp, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
473		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "%s: %m; using block device", rawp);
474		ifd = dumpfd;
475	}
476
477	/* Seek to the start of the core. */
478	Lseek(ifd, (off_t)dumplo, SEEK_SET);
479
480	if (kvm_dump_wrtheader(kd_dump, fp, dumpsize) == -1) {
481		syslog(LOG_ERR, "kvm_dump_wrtheader: %s : %s", path,
482		    kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
483		exit(1);
484	}
485
486	/* Copy the core file. */
487	syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "writing %score to %s",
488	    compress ? "compressed " : "", path);
489	for (; dumpsize > 0; dumpsize -= nr) {
490		(void)printf("%6dK\r", dumpsize / 1024);
491		(void)fflush(stdout);
492		nr = read(ifd, buf, MIN(dumpsize, sizeof(buf)));
493		if (nr <= 0) {
494			if (nr == 0)
495				syslog(LOG_WARNING,
496				    "WARNING: EOF on dump device");
497			else
498				syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", rawp);
499			goto err2;
500		}
501		nw = fwrite(buf, 1, nr, fp);
502		if (nw != nr) {
503			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s",
504			    path, strerror(nw == 0 ? EIO : errno));
505err2:			syslog(LOG_WARNING,
506			    "WARNING: core may be incomplete");
507			(void)printf("\n");
508			exit(1);
509		}
510	}
511	(void)close(ifd);
512	(void)fclose(fp);
513
514	/* Copy the kernel. */
515	ifd = Open(kernel ? kernel : _PATH_UNIX, O_RDONLY);
516	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/netbsd.%d%s",
517	    dirname, bounds, compress ? ".Z" : "");
518	if (compress) {
519		if ((fp = zopen(path, "w", 0)) == NULL) {
520			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", path);
521			exit(1);
522		}
523	} else
524		ofd = Create(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
525	syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "writing %skernel to %s",
526	    compress ? "compressed " : "", path);
527	while ((nr = read(ifd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
528		if (compress)
529			nw = fwrite(buf, 1, nr, fp);
530		else
531			nw = write(ofd, buf, nr);
532		if (nw != nr) {
533			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %s",
534			    path, strerror(nw == 0 ? EIO : errno));
535			syslog(LOG_WARNING,
536			    "WARNING: kernel may be incomplete");
537			exit(1);
538		}
539	}
540	if (nr < 0) {
541		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", kernel ? kernel : _PATH_UNIX);
542		syslog(LOG_WARNING, "WARNING: kernel may be incomplete");
543		exit(1);
544	}
545	if (compress)
546		(void)fclose(fp);
547	else
548		(void)close(ofd);
549}
550
551char *
552find_dev(dev_t dev, int type)
553{
554	DIR *dfd;
555	struct dirent *dir;
556	struct stat sb;
557	char *dp, devname[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
558
559	if ((dfd = opendir(_PATH_DEV)) == NULL) {
560		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", _PATH_DEV);
561		exit(1);
562	}
563	(void)strcpy(devname, _PATH_DEV);
564	while ((dir = readdir(dfd))) {
565		(void)strcpy(devname + sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1, dir->d_name);
566		if (lstat(devname, &sb)) {
567			syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", devname);
568			continue;
569		}
570		if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != type)
571			continue;
572		if (dev == sb.st_rdev) {
573			closedir(dfd);
574			if ((dp = strdup(devname)) == NULL) {
575				syslog(LOG_ERR, "%m");
576				exit(1);
577			}
578			return (dp);
579		}
580	}
581	closedir(dfd);
582	syslog(LOG_ERR, "can't find device %d/%d", major(dev), minor(dev));
583	exit(1);
584}
585
586char *
587rawname(char *s)
588{
589	char *sl;
590	char name[MAXPATHLEN];
591
592	if ((sl = strrchr(s, '/')) == NULL || sl[1] == '0') {
593		syslog(LOG_ERR,
594		    "can't make raw dump device name from %s", s);
595		return (s);
596	}
597	(void)snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%.*s/r%s", (int)(sl - s), s,
598	    sl + 1);
599	if ((sl = strdup(name)) == NULL) {
600		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%m");
601		exit(1);
602	}
603	return (sl);
604}
605
606int
607get_crashtime(void)
608{
609	struct timeval dtime;
610	time_t dumptime;			/* Time the dump was taken. */
611
612	if (KREAD(kd_dump, dump_nl[X_TIME].n_value, &dtime) != 0) {
613		if (verbose)
614		    syslog(LOG_WARNING, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_dump));
615		return (0);
616	}
617	dumptime = dtime.tv_sec;
618	if (dumptime == 0) {
619		if (verbose)
620			syslog(LOG_ERR, "dump time is zero");
621		return (0);
622	}
623	(void)printf("savecore: system went down at %s", ctime(&dumptime));
624#define	LEEWAY	(7 * SECSPERDAY)
625	if (dumptime < now - LEEWAY || dumptime > now + LEEWAY) {
626		(void)printf("dump time is unreasonable\n");
627		return (0);
628	}
629	return (1);
630}
631
632int
633check_space(void)
634{
635	FILE *fp;
636	off_t minfree, spacefree, kernelsize, needed;
637	struct stat st;
638	struct statfs fsbuf;
639	char mbuf[100], path[MAXPATHLEN];
640
641#ifdef __GNUC__
642	(void) &minfree;
643#endif
644
645	if (stat(kernel, &st) < 0) {
646		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", kernel);
647		exit(1);
648	}
649	kernelsize = st.st_blocks * S_BLKSIZE;
650	if (statfs(dirname, &fsbuf) < 0) {
651		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", dirname);
652		exit(1);
653	}
654	spacefree = fsbuf.f_bavail;
655	spacefree *= fsbuf.f_bsize;
656	spacefree /= 1024;
657
658	(void)snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/minfree", dirname);
659	if ((fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL)
660		minfree = 0;
661	else {
662		if (fgets(mbuf, sizeof(mbuf), fp) == NULL)
663			minfree = 0;
664		else
665			minfree = atoi(mbuf);
666		(void)fclose(fp);
667	}
668
669	needed = (dumpsize + kernelsize) / 1024;
670 	if (minfree > 0 && spacefree - needed < minfree) {
671		syslog(LOG_WARNING,
672		    "no dump, not enough free space in %s", dirname);
673		return (0);
674	}
675	if (spacefree - needed < minfree)
676		syslog(LOG_WARNING,
677		    "dump performed, but free space threshold crossed");
678	return (1);
679}
680
681int
682Open(char *name, int rw)
683{
684	int fd;
685
686	if ((fd = open(name, rw, 0)) < 0) {
687		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", name);
688		exit(1);
689	}
690	return (fd);
691}
692
693void
694Lseek(int fd, off_t off, int flag)
695{
696	off_t ret;
697
698	ret = lseek(fd, off, flag);
699	if (ret == -1) {
700		syslog(LOG_ERR, "lseek: %m");
701		exit(1);
702	}
703}
704
705int
706Create(char *file, int mode)
707{
708	int fd;
709
710	fd = open(file, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, mode);
711	if (fd < 0) {
712		syslog(LOG_ERR, "%s: %m", file);
713		exit(1);
714	}
715	return (fd);
716}
717
718void
719Write(int fd, void *bp, int size)
720{
721	int n;
722
723	if ((n = write(fd, bp, size)) < size) {
724		syslog(LOG_ERR, "write: %s", strerror(n == -1 ? errno : EIO));
725		exit(1);
726	}
727}
728
729void
730usage(void)
731{
732	(void)syslog(LOG_ERR, "usage: savecore [-cfvz] [-N system] directory");
733	exit(1);
734}
735