rope revision 1.10
1// SGI's rope class -*- C++ -*-
2
3// Copyright (C) 2001-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4//
5// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
6// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
9// any later version.
10
11// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
14// GNU General Public License for more details.
15
16// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
19
20// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
23// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24
25/*
26 * Copyright (c) 1997
27 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
28 *
29 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
30 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
31 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
32 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
33 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
34 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
35 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
36 */
37
38/** @file ext/rope
39 *  This file is a GNU extension to the Standard C++ Library (possibly
40 *  containing extensions from the HP/SGI STL subset). 
41 */
42
43#ifndef _ROPE
44#define _ROPE 1
45
46#pragma GCC system_header
47
48#include <algorithm>
49#include <iosfwd>
50#include <bits/stl_construct.h>
51#include <bits/stl_uninitialized.h>
52#include <bits/stl_function.h>
53#include <bits/stl_numeric.h>
54#include <bits/allocator.h>
55#include <bits/gthr.h>
56#include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
57#include <tr1/functional>
58
59# ifdef __GC
60#   define __GC_CONST const
61# else
62#   define __GC_CONST   // constant except for deallocation
63# endif
64
65#include <ext/memory> // For uninitialized_copy_n
66
67namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
68{
69_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
70
71  namespace __detail
72  {
73    enum { _S_max_rope_depth = 45 };
74    enum _Tag {_S_leaf, _S_concat, _S_substringfn, _S_function};
75  } // namespace __detail
76
77  // See libstdc++/36832.
78  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Allocator>
79    void
80    _Destroy_const(_ForwardIterator __first,
81		   _ForwardIterator __last, _Allocator __alloc)
82    {
83      for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
84	__alloc.destroy(&*__first);
85    }
86
87  template<typename _ForwardIterator, typename _Tp>
88    inline void
89    _Destroy_const(_ForwardIterator __first,
90		   _ForwardIterator __last, std::allocator<_Tp>)
91    { std::_Destroy(__first, __last); }
92
93  // The _S_eos function is used for those functions that
94  // convert to/from C-like strings to detect the end of the string.
95  
96  // The end-of-C-string character.
97  // This is what the draft standard says it should be.
98  template <class _CharT>
99    inline _CharT
100    _S_eos(_CharT*)
101    { return _CharT(); }
102
103  // Test for basic character types.
104  // For basic character types leaves having a trailing eos.
105  template <class _CharT>
106    inline bool
107    _S_is_basic_char_type(_CharT*)
108    { return false; }
109  
110  template <class _CharT>
111    inline bool
112    _S_is_one_byte_char_type(_CharT*)
113    { return false; }
114
115  inline bool
116  _S_is_basic_char_type(char*)
117  { return true; }
118  
119  inline bool
120  _S_is_one_byte_char_type(char*)
121  { return true; }
122  
123  inline bool
124  _S_is_basic_char_type(wchar_t*)
125  { return true; }
126
127  // Store an eos iff _CharT is a basic character type.
128  // Do not reference _S_eos if it isn't.
129  template <class _CharT>
130    inline void
131    _S_cond_store_eos(_CharT&) { }
132
133  inline void
134  _S_cond_store_eos(char& __c)
135  { __c = 0; }
136
137  inline void
138  _S_cond_store_eos(wchar_t& __c)
139  { __c = 0; }
140
141  // char_producers are logically functions that generate a section of
142  // a string.  These can be converted to ropes.  The resulting rope
143  // invokes the char_producer on demand.  This allows, for example,
144  // files to be viewed as ropes without reading the entire file.
145  template <class _CharT>
146    class char_producer
147    {
148    public:
149      virtual ~char_producer() { }
150
151      virtual void
152      operator()(std::size_t __start_pos, std::size_t __len,
153		 _CharT* __buffer) = 0;
154      // Buffer should really be an arbitrary output iterator.
155      // That way we could flatten directly into an ostream, etc.
156      // This is thoroughly impossible, since iterator types don't
157      // have runtime descriptions.
158    };
159
160  // Sequence buffers:
161  //
162  // Sequence must provide an append operation that appends an
163  // array to the sequence.  Sequence buffers are useful only if
164  // appending an entire array is cheaper than appending element by element.
165  // This is true for many string representations.
166  // This should  perhaps inherit from ostream<sequence::value_type>
167  // and be implemented correspondingly, so that they can be used
168  // for formatted.  For the sake of portability, we don't do this yet.
169  //
170  // For now, sequence buffers behave as output iterators.  But they also
171  // behave a little like basic_ostringstream<sequence::value_type> and a
172  // little like containers.
173
174  template<class _Sequence, std::size_t _Buf_sz = 100>
175    class sequence_buffer
176    : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, void, void, void, void>
177    {
178    public:
179      typedef typename _Sequence::value_type value_type;
180    protected:
181      _Sequence* _M_prefix;
182      value_type _M_buffer[_Buf_sz];
183      std::size_t _M_buf_count;
184    public:
185
186      void
187      flush()
188      {
189	_M_prefix->append(_M_buffer, _M_buffer + _M_buf_count);
190	_M_buf_count = 0;
191      }
192      
193      ~sequence_buffer()
194      { flush(); }
195      
196      sequence_buffer()
197      : _M_prefix(0), _M_buf_count(0) { }
198
199      sequence_buffer(const sequence_buffer& __x)
200      {
201	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
202	_M_buf_count = __x._M_buf_count;
203	std::copy(__x._M_buffer, __x._M_buffer + __x._M_buf_count, _M_buffer);
204      }
205      
206      sequence_buffer(sequence_buffer& __x)
207      {
208	__x.flush();
209	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
210	_M_buf_count = 0;
211      }
212      
213      sequence_buffer(_Sequence& __s)
214      : _M_prefix(&__s), _M_buf_count(0) { }
215      
216      sequence_buffer&
217      operator=(sequence_buffer& __x)
218      {
219	__x.flush();
220	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
221	_M_buf_count = 0;
222	return *this;
223      }
224
225      sequence_buffer&
226      operator=(const sequence_buffer& __x)
227      {
228	_M_prefix = __x._M_prefix;
229	_M_buf_count = __x._M_buf_count;
230	std::copy(__x._M_buffer, __x._M_buffer + __x._M_buf_count, _M_buffer);
231	return *this;
232      }
233      
234      void
235      push_back(value_type __x)
236      {
237	if (_M_buf_count < _Buf_sz)
238	  {
239	    _M_buffer[_M_buf_count] = __x;
240	    ++_M_buf_count;
241	  }
242	else
243	  {
244	    flush();
245	    _M_buffer[0] = __x;
246	    _M_buf_count = 1;
247	  }
248      }
249      
250      void
251      append(value_type* __s, std::size_t __len)
252      {
253	if (__len + _M_buf_count <= _Buf_sz)
254	  {
255	    std::size_t __i = _M_buf_count;
256	    for (std::size_t __j = 0; __j < __len; __i++, __j++)
257	      _M_buffer[__i] = __s[__j];
258	    _M_buf_count += __len;
259	  }
260	else if (0 == _M_buf_count)
261	  _M_prefix->append(__s, __s + __len);
262	else
263	  {
264	    flush();
265	    append(__s, __len);
266	  }
267      }
268
269      sequence_buffer&
270      write(value_type* __s, std::size_t __len)
271      {
272	append(__s, __len);
273	return *this;
274      }
275      
276      sequence_buffer&
277      put(value_type __x)
278      {
279	push_back(__x);
280	return *this;
281      }
282      
283      sequence_buffer&
284      operator=(const value_type& __rhs)
285      {
286	push_back(__rhs);
287	return *this;
288      }
289      
290      sequence_buffer&
291      operator*()
292      { return *this; }
293      
294      sequence_buffer&
295      operator++()
296      { return *this; }
297      
298      sequence_buffer
299      operator++(int)
300      { return *this; }
301    };
302  
303  // The following should be treated as private, at least for now.
304  template<class _CharT>
305    class _Rope_char_consumer
306    {
307    public:
308      // If we had member templates, these should not be virtual.
309      // For now we need to use run-time parametrization where
310      // compile-time would do.  Hence this should all be private
311      // for now.
312      // The symmetry with char_producer is accidental and temporary.
313      virtual ~_Rope_char_consumer() { }
314  
315      virtual bool
316      operator()(const _CharT* __buffer, std::size_t __len) = 0;
317    };
318  
319  // First a lot of forward declarations.  The standard seems to require
320  // much stricter "declaration before use" than many of the implementations
321  // that preceded it.
322  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc = std::allocator<_CharT> >
323    class rope;
324  
325  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
326    struct _Rope_RopeConcatenation;
327
328  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
329    struct _Rope_RopeLeaf;
330  
331  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
332    struct _Rope_RopeFunction;
333  
334  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
335    struct _Rope_RopeSubstring;
336  
337  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
338    class _Rope_iterator;
339  
340  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
341    class _Rope_const_iterator;
342  
343  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
344    class _Rope_char_ref_proxy;
345  
346  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
347    class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy;
348
349  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
350    bool
351    operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
352	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
353
354  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
355    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
356    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
357	      std::ptrdiff_t __n);
358
359  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
360    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
361    operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
362	      std::ptrdiff_t __n);
363
364  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
365    _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
366    operator+(std::ptrdiff_t __n,
367	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x);
368
369  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
370    bool
371    operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
372	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
373
374  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
375    bool
376    operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
377	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
378  
379  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
380    std::ptrdiff_t
381    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
382	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
383
384  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
385    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
386    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, std::ptrdiff_t __n);
387
388  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
389    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
390    operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, std::ptrdiff_t __n);
391
392  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
393    _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
394    operator+(std::ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x);
395
396  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
397    bool
398    operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
399	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
400
401  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
402    bool
403    operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
404	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
405
406  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
407    std::ptrdiff_t
408    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
409	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y);
410
411  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
412    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
413    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
414	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right);
415
416  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
417    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
418    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, const _CharT* __right);
419
420  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
421    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
422    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right);
423
424  // Some helpers, so we can use power on ropes.
425  // See below for why this isn't local to the implementation.
426  
427  // This uses a nonstandard refcount convention.
428  // The result has refcount 0.
429  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
430    struct _Rope_Concat_fn
431    : public std::binary_function<rope<_CharT, _Alloc>, rope<_CharT, _Alloc>,
432				  rope<_CharT, _Alloc> >
433    {
434      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
435      operator()(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
436		 const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
437      { return __x + __y; }
438    };
439
440  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
441    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
442    identity_element(_Rope_Concat_fn<_CharT, _Alloc>)
443    { return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(); }
444
445  // Class _Refcount_Base provides a type, _RC_t, a data member,
446  // _M_ref_count, and member functions _M_incr and _M_decr, which perform
447  // atomic preincrement/predecrement.  The constructor initializes
448  // _M_ref_count.
449  struct _Refcount_Base
450  {
451    // The type _RC_t
452    typedef std::size_t _RC_t;
453    
454    // The data member _M_ref_count
455    volatile _RC_t _M_ref_count;
456
457    // Constructor
458#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
459    __gthread_mutex_t _M_ref_count_lock = __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT;
460#else
461    __gthread_mutex_t _M_ref_count_lock;
462#endif
463
464    _Refcount_Base(_RC_t __n) : _M_ref_count(__n)
465    {
466#ifndef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
467#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION
468      __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION (&_M_ref_count_lock);
469#else
470#error __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT or __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION should be defined by gthr.h abstraction layer, report problem to libstdc++@gcc.gnu.org.
471#endif
472#endif
473    }
474
475#ifndef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
476    ~_Refcount_Base()
477    { __gthread_mutex_destroy(&_M_ref_count_lock); }
478#endif
479
480    void
481    _M_incr()
482    {
483      __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
484      ++_M_ref_count;
485      __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
486    }
487
488    _RC_t
489    _M_decr()
490    {
491      __gthread_mutex_lock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
492      volatile _RC_t __tmp = --_M_ref_count;
493      __gthread_mutex_unlock(&_M_ref_count_lock);
494      return __tmp;
495    }
496  };
497
498  //
499  // What follows should really be local to rope.  Unfortunately,
500  // that doesn't work, since it makes it impossible to define generic
501  // equality on rope iterators.  According to the draft standard, the
502  // template parameters for such an equality operator cannot be inferred
503  // from the occurrence of a member class as a parameter.
504  // (SGI compilers in fact allow this, but the __result wouldn't be
505  // portable.)
506  // Similarly, some of the static member functions are member functions
507  // only to avoid polluting the global namespace, and to circumvent
508  // restrictions on type inference for template functions.
509  //
510
511  //
512  // The internal data structure for representing a rope.  This is
513  // private to the implementation.  A rope is really just a pointer
514  // to one of these.
515  //
516  // A few basic functions for manipulating this data structure
517  // are members of _RopeRep.  Most of the more complex algorithms
518  // are implemented as rope members.
519  //
520  // Some of the static member functions of _RopeRep have identically
521  // named functions in rope that simply invoke the _RopeRep versions.
522
523#define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(__a) \
524        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_CharT,_Data) /* character data */ \
525        typedef _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT,__a> __C; \
526        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__C,_C) \
527        typedef _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT,__a> __L; \
528        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__L,_L) \
529        typedef _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,__a> __F; \
530        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__F,_F) \
531        typedef _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT,__a> __S; \
532        __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(__S,_S)
533
534  //  Internal rope nodes potentially store a copy of the allocator
535  //  instance used to allocate them.  This is mostly redundant.
536  //  But the alternative would be to pass allocator instances around
537  //  in some form to nearly all internal functions, since any pointer
538  //  assignment may result in a zero reference count and thus require
539  //  deallocation.
540
541#define __STATIC_IF_SGI_ALLOC  /* not static */
542
543  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
544    struct _Rope_rep_base
545    : public _Alloc
546    {
547      typedef std::size_t size_type;
548      typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
549
550      allocator_type
551      get_allocator() const
552      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
553
554      allocator_type&
555      _M_get_allocator()
556      { return *static_cast<_Alloc*>(this); }
557
558      const allocator_type&
559      _M_get_allocator() const
560      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
561
562      _Rope_rep_base(size_type __size, const allocator_type&)
563      : _M_size(__size) { }
564
565      size_type _M_size;
566
567# define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_Tp, __name) \
568        typedef typename \
569          __alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template rebind<_Tp>::other __name##Alloc; \
570        static _Tp* __name##_allocate(size_type __n) \
571          { return __name##Alloc().allocate(__n); } \
572        static void __name##_deallocate(_Tp *__p, size_type __n) \
573          { __name##Alloc().deallocate(__p, __n); }
574      __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(_Alloc)
575# undef __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC
576    };
577
578  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
579    struct _Rope_RopeRep
580    : public _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
581# ifndef __GC
582	     , _Refcount_Base
583# endif
584    {
585    public:
586      __detail::_Tag _M_tag:8;
587      bool _M_is_balanced:8;
588      unsigned char _M_depth;
589      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_c_string;
590#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
591      __gthread_mutex_t _M_c_string_lock = __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT;
592#else
593      __gthread_mutex_t _M_c_string_lock;
594#endif
595                        /* Flattened version of string, if needed.  */
596                        /* typically 0.                             */
597                        /* If it's not 0, then the memory is owned  */
598                        /* by this node.                            */
599                        /* In the case of a leaf, this may point to */
600                        /* the same memory as the data field.       */
601      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
602        allocator_type;
603      typedef std::size_t size_type;
604
605      using _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::get_allocator;
606      using _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::_M_get_allocator;
607
608      _Rope_RopeRep(__detail::_Tag __t, int __d, bool __b, size_type __size,
609		    const allocator_type& __a)
610      : _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__size, __a),
611#ifndef __GC
612	_Refcount_Base(1),
613#endif
614	_M_tag(__t), _M_is_balanced(__b), _M_depth(__d), _M_c_string(0)
615#ifdef __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT
616      { }
617#else
618      { __GTHREAD_MUTEX_INIT_FUNCTION (&_M_c_string_lock); }
619      ~_Rope_RopeRep()
620      { __gthread_mutex_destroy (&_M_c_string_lock); }
621#endif
622#ifdef __GC
623      void
624      _M_incr () { }
625#endif
626      static void
627      _S_free_string(__GC_CONST _CharT*, size_type __len,
628		     allocator_type& __a);
629#define __STL_FREE_STRING(__s, __l, __a) _S_free_string(__s, __l, __a);
630                        // Deallocate data section of a leaf.
631                        // This shouldn't be a member function.
632                        // But its hard to do anything else at the
633                        // moment, because it's templatized w.r.t.
634                        // an allocator.
635                        // Does nothing if __GC is defined.
636#ifndef __GC
637      void _M_free_c_string();
638      void _M_free_tree();
639      // Deallocate t. Assumes t is not 0.
640      void
641      _M_unref_nonnil()
642      {
643	if (0 == _M_decr())
644	  _M_free_tree();
645      }
646
647      void
648      _M_ref_nonnil()
649      { _M_incr(); }
650
651      static void
652      _S_unref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
653      {
654	if (0 != __t)
655	  __t->_M_unref_nonnil();
656      }
657
658      static void
659      _S_ref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
660      {
661	if (0 != __t)
662	  __t->_M_incr();
663      }
664      
665      static void
666      _S_free_if_unref(_Rope_RopeRep* __t)
667      {
668	if (0 != __t && 0 == __t->_M_ref_count)
669	  __t->_M_free_tree();
670      }
671#   else /* __GC */
672      void _M_unref_nonnil() { }
673      void _M_ref_nonnil() { }
674      static void _S_unref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
675      static void _S_ref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
676      static void _S_free_if_unref(_Rope_RopeRep*) { }
677#   endif
678protected:
679      _Rope_RopeRep&
680      operator=(const _Rope_RopeRep&);
681
682      _Rope_RopeRep(const _Rope_RopeRep&);
683    };
684
685  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
686    struct _Rope_RopeLeaf
687    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
688    {
689      typedef std::size_t size_type;
690    public:
691      // Apparently needed by VC++
692      // The data fields of leaves are allocated with some
693      // extra space, to accommodate future growth and for basic
694      // character types, to hold a trailing eos character.
695      enum { _S_alloc_granularity = 8 };
696      
697      static size_type
698      _S_rounded_up_size(size_type __n)
699      {
700        size_type __size_with_eos;
701	
702        if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
703	  __size_with_eos = __n + 1;
704	else
705	  __size_with_eos = __n;
706#ifdef __GC
707	return __size_with_eos;
708#else
709	// Allow slop for in-place expansion.
710	return ((__size_with_eos + size_type(_S_alloc_granularity) - 1)
711		&~ (size_type(_S_alloc_granularity) - 1));
712#endif
713      }
714      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_data; /* Not necessarily 0 terminated. */
715                                  /* The allocated size is         */
716                                  /* _S_rounded_up_size(size), except */
717                                  /* in the GC case, in which it   */
718                                  /* doesn't matter.               */
719      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT,_Alloc>::allocator_type
720        allocator_type;
721
722      _Rope_RopeLeaf(__GC_CONST _CharT* __d, size_type __size,
723		     const allocator_type& __a)
724      : _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_leaf, 0, true,
725				      __size, __a), _M_data(__d)
726      {
727        if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT *)0))
728	  {
729            // already eos terminated.
730            this->_M_c_string = __d;
731	  }
732      }
733      // The constructor assumes that d has been allocated with
734      // the proper allocator and the properly padded size.
735      // In contrast, the destructor deallocates the data:
736#ifndef __GC
737      ~_Rope_RopeLeaf() throw()
738      {
739        if (_M_data != this->_M_c_string)
740	  this->_M_free_c_string();
741	
742	this->__STL_FREE_STRING(_M_data, this->_M_size, this->_M_get_allocator());
743      }
744#endif
745protected:
746      _Rope_RopeLeaf&
747      operator=(const _Rope_RopeLeaf&);
748
749      _Rope_RopeLeaf(const _Rope_RopeLeaf&);
750    };
751
752  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
753    struct _Rope_RopeConcatenation
754    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
755    {
756    public:
757      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_left;
758      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_right;
759
760      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
761        allocator_type;
762
763      _Rope_RopeConcatenation(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __l,
764			      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __r,
765			      const allocator_type& __a)
766	: _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_concat,
767				      std::max(__l->_M_depth,
768					       __r->_M_depth) + 1,
769				      false,
770				      __l->_M_size + __r->_M_size, __a),
771        _M_left(__l), _M_right(__r)
772      { }
773#ifndef __GC
774      ~_Rope_RopeConcatenation() throw()
775      {
776	this->_M_free_c_string();
777	_M_left->_M_unref_nonnil();
778	_M_right->_M_unref_nonnil();
779      }
780#endif
781protected:
782      _Rope_RopeConcatenation&
783      operator=(const _Rope_RopeConcatenation&);
784      
785      _Rope_RopeConcatenation(const _Rope_RopeConcatenation&);
786    };
787
788  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
789    struct _Rope_RopeFunction
790    : public _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>
791    {
792    public:
793      char_producer<_CharT>* _M_fn;
794#ifndef __GC
795      bool _M_delete_when_done; // Char_producer is owned by the
796                                // rope and should be explicitly
797                                // deleted when the rope becomes
798                                // inaccessible.
799#else
800      // In the GC case, we either register the rope for
801      // finalization, or not.  Thus the field is unnecessary;
802      // the information is stored in the collector data structures.
803      // We do need a finalization procedure to be invoked by the
804      // collector.
805      static void
806      _S_fn_finalization_proc(void * __tree, void *)
807      { delete ((_Rope_RopeFunction *)__tree) -> _M_fn; }
808#endif
809    typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
810      allocator_type;
811
812      _Rope_RopeFunction(char_producer<_CharT>* __f, std::size_t __size,
813                        bool __d, const allocator_type& __a)
814      : _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>(__detail::_S_function, 0, true, __size, __a)
815	, _M_fn(__f)
816#ifndef __GC
817	, _M_delete_when_done(__d)
818#endif
819      {
820#ifdef __GC
821	if (__d)
822	  {
823	    GC_REGISTER_FINALIZER(this, _Rope_RopeFunction::
824				  _S_fn_finalization_proc, 0, 0, 0);
825	  }
826#endif
827      }
828#ifndef __GC
829      ~_Rope_RopeFunction() throw()
830      {
831	this->_M_free_c_string();
832	if (_M_delete_when_done)
833	  delete _M_fn;
834      }
835# endif
836    protected:
837      _Rope_RopeFunction&
838      operator=(const _Rope_RopeFunction&);
839
840      _Rope_RopeFunction(const _Rope_RopeFunction&);
841    };
842  // Substring results are usually represented using just
843  // concatenation nodes.  But in the case of very long flat ropes
844  // or ropes with a functional representation that isn't practical.
845  // In that case, we represent the __result as a special case of
846  // RopeFunction, whose char_producer points back to the rope itself.
847  // In all cases except repeated substring operations and
848  // deallocation, we treat the __result as a RopeFunction.
849  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
850    struct _Rope_RopeSubstring
851    : public _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>,
852      public char_producer<_CharT>
853    {
854      typedef std::size_t size_type;
855    public:
856      // XXX this whole class should be rewritten.
857      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT,_Alloc>* _M_base;      // not 0
858      size_type _M_start;
859
860      virtual void
861      operator()(size_type __start_pos, size_type __req_len,
862		 _CharT* __buffer)
863      {
864        switch(_M_base->_M_tag)
865	  {
866	  case __detail::_S_function:
867	  case __detail::_S_substringfn:
868	    {
869	      char_producer<_CharT>* __fn =
870		((_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,_Alloc>*)_M_base)->_M_fn;
871	      (*__fn)(__start_pos + _M_start, __req_len, __buffer);
872	    }
873	    break;
874	  case __detail::_S_leaf:
875	    {
876	      __GC_CONST _CharT* __s =
877		((_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT,_Alloc>*)_M_base)->_M_data;
878	      uninitialized_copy_n(__s + __start_pos + _M_start, __req_len,
879				   __buffer);
880	    }
881	    break;
882	  default:
883	    break;
884	  }
885      }
886      
887      typedef typename _Rope_rep_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::allocator_type
888        allocator_type;
889
890      _Rope_RopeSubstring(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __b, size_type __s,
891                          size_type __l, const allocator_type& __a)
892      : _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>(this, __l, false, __a),
893        char_producer<_CharT>(), _M_base(__b), _M_start(__s)
894      {
895#ifndef __GC
896	_M_base->_M_ref_nonnil();
897#endif
898        this->_M_tag = __detail::_S_substringfn;
899      }
900    virtual ~_Rope_RopeSubstring() throw()
901      {
902#ifndef __GC
903	_M_base->_M_unref_nonnil();
904	// _M_free_c_string();  -- done by parent class
905#endif
906      }
907    };
908
909  // Self-destructing pointers to Rope_rep.
910  // These are not conventional smart pointers.  Their
911  // only purpose in life is to ensure that unref is called
912  // on the pointer either at normal exit or if an exception
913  // is raised.  It is the caller's responsibility to
914  // adjust reference counts when these pointers are initialized
915  // or assigned to.  (This convention significantly reduces
916  // the number of potentially expensive reference count
917  // updates.)
918#ifndef __GC
919  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
920    struct _Rope_self_destruct_ptr
921    {
922      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_ptr;
923
924      ~_Rope_self_destruct_ptr()
925      { _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_unref(_M_ptr); }
926#if __cpp_exceptions
927      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr() : _M_ptr(0) { }
928#else
929      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr() { }
930#endif
931      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __p)
932      : _M_ptr(__p) { }
933    
934      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>&
935      operator*()
936      { return *_M_ptr; }
937    
938      _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>*
939      operator->()
940      { return _M_ptr; }
941    
942      operator _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>*()
943      { return _M_ptr; }
944    
945      _Rope_self_destruct_ptr&
946      operator=(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* __x)
947      { _M_ptr = __x; return *this; }
948    };
949#endif
950
951  // Dereferencing a nonconst iterator has to return something
952  // that behaves almost like a reference.  It's not possible to
953  // return an actual reference since assignment requires extra
954  // work.  And we would get into the same problems as with the
955  // CD2 version of basic_string.
956  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
957    class _Rope_char_ref_proxy
958    {
959      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
960      friend class _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
961      friend class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
962#ifdef __GC
963      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _Self_destruct_ptr;
964#else
965      typedef _Rope_self_destruct_ptr<_CharT, _Alloc> _Self_destruct_ptr;
966#endif
967      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
968      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> _My_rope;
969      std::size_t _M_pos;
970      _CharT _M_current;
971      bool _M_current_valid;
972      _My_rope* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
973    public:
974      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(_My_rope* __r, std::size_t __p)
975      :  _M_pos(__p), _M_current(), _M_current_valid(false), _M_root(__r) { }
976
977      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy& __x)
978      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_current(__x._M_current), 
979	_M_current_valid(false), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
980
981      // Don't preserve cache if the reference can outlive the
982      // expression.  We claim that's not possible without calling
983      // a copy constructor or generating reference to a proxy
984      // reference.  We declare the latter to have undefined semantics.
985      _Rope_char_ref_proxy(_My_rope* __r, std::size_t __p, _CharT __c)
986      : _M_pos(__p), _M_current(__c), _M_current_valid(true), _M_root(__r) { }
987
988      inline operator _CharT () const;
989
990      _Rope_char_ref_proxy&
991      operator=(_CharT __c);
992    
993      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> operator&() const;
994      
995      _Rope_char_ref_proxy&
996      operator=(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy& __c)
997      { return operator=((_CharT)__c); }
998    };
999
1000  template<class _CharT, class __Alloc>
1001    inline void
1002    swap(_Rope_char_ref_proxy <_CharT, __Alloc > __a,
1003	 _Rope_char_ref_proxy <_CharT, __Alloc > __b)
1004    {
1005      _CharT __tmp = __a;
1006      __a = __b;
1007      __b = __tmp;
1008    }
1009
1010  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1011    class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy
1012    {
1013      // XXX this class should be rewritten.
1014      friend class _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1015      std::size_t _M_pos;
1016      rope<_CharT,_Alloc>* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
1017    public:
1018      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(const _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT,_Alloc>& __x)
1019      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
1020
1021      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy& __x)
1022      : _M_pos(__x._M_pos), _M_root(__x._M_root) { }
1023
1024      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy() { }
1025      
1026      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy(_CharT* __x)
1027      : _M_root(0), _M_pos(0) { }
1028
1029      _Rope_char_ptr_proxy&
1030      operator=(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy& __x)
1031      {
1032        _M_pos = __x._M_pos;
1033        _M_root = __x._M_root;
1034        return *this;
1035      }
1036
1037      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1038        friend bool
1039        operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1040		   const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1041
1042      _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> operator*() const
1043      { return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root, _M_pos); }
1044    };
1045
1046  // Rope iterators:
1047  // Unlike in the C version, we cache only part of the stack
1048  // for rope iterators, since they must be efficiently copyable.
1049  // When we run out of cache, we have to reconstruct the iterator
1050  // value.
1051  // Pointers from iterators are not included in reference counts.
1052  // Iterators are assumed to be thread private.  Ropes can
1053  // be shared.
1054  
1055  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1056    class _Rope_iterator_base
1057    : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, _CharT>
1058    {
1059      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1060    public:
1061      typedef _Alloc _allocator_type; // used in _Rope_rotate, VC++ workaround
1062      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1063      // Borland doesn't want this to be protected.
1064    protected:
1065      enum { _S_path_cache_len = 4 }; // Must be <= 9.
1066      enum { _S_iterator_buf_len = 15 };
1067      std::size_t _M_current_pos;
1068      _RopeRep* _M_root;     // The whole rope.
1069      std::size_t _M_leaf_pos; // Starting position for current leaf
1070      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_start;
1071                             // Buffer possibly
1072                             // containing current char.
1073      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_ptr;
1074                             // Pointer to current char in buffer.
1075                             // != 0 ==> buffer valid.
1076      __GC_CONST _CharT* _M_buf_end;
1077                             // One past __last valid char in buffer.
1078      // What follows is the path cache.  We go out of our
1079      // way to make this compact.
1080      // Path_end contains the bottom section of the path from
1081      // the root to the current leaf.
1082      const _RopeRep* _M_path_end[_S_path_cache_len];
1083      int _M_leaf_index;     // Last valid __pos in path_end;
1084                             // _M_path_end[0] ... _M_path_end[leaf_index-1]
1085                             // point to concatenation nodes.
1086      unsigned char _M_path_directions;
1087                          // (path_directions >> __i) & 1 is 1
1088                          // iff we got from _M_path_end[leaf_index - __i - 1]
1089                          // to _M_path_end[leaf_index - __i] by going to the
1090                          // __right. Assumes path_cache_len <= 9.
1091      _CharT _M_tmp_buf[_S_iterator_buf_len];
1092                        // Short buffer for surrounding chars.
1093                        // This is useful primarily for
1094                        // RopeFunctions.  We put the buffer
1095                        // here to avoid locking in the
1096                        // multithreaded case.
1097      // The cached path is generally assumed to be valid
1098      // only if the buffer is valid.
1099      static void _S_setbuf(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
1100                                        // Set buffer contents given
1101                                        // path cache.
1102      static void _S_setcache(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
1103                                        // Set buffer contents and
1104                                        // path cache.
1105      static void _S_setcache_for_incr(_Rope_iterator_base& __x);
1106                                        // As above, but assumes path
1107                                        // cache is valid for previous posn.
1108      _Rope_iterator_base() { }
1109
1110      _Rope_iterator_base(_RopeRep* __root, std::size_t __pos)
1111      : _M_current_pos(__pos), _M_root(__root), _M_buf_ptr(0) { }
1112
1113      void _M_incr(std::size_t __n);
1114      void _M_decr(std::size_t __n);
1115    public:
1116      std::size_t
1117      index() const
1118      { return _M_current_pos; }
1119    
1120      _Rope_iterator_base(const _Rope_iterator_base& __x)
1121      {
1122        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr && __x._M_buf_start != __x._M_tmp_buf)
1123	  *this = __x;
1124	else
1125	  {
1126            _M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
1127            _M_root = __x._M_root;
1128            _M_buf_ptr = 0;
1129	  }
1130      }
1131    };
1132
1133  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1134    class _Rope_iterator;
1135
1136  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1137    class _Rope_const_iterator
1138    : public _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
1139    {
1140      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1141    protected:
1142      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1143      // The one from the base class may not be directly visible.
1144      _Rope_const_iterator(const _RopeRep* __root, std::size_t __pos)
1145      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(const_cast<_RopeRep*>(__root),
1146					    __pos)
1147                   // Only nonconst iterators modify root ref count
1148      { }
1149  public:
1150      typedef _CharT reference;   // Really a value.  Returning a reference
1151                                  // Would be a mess, since it would have
1152                                  // to be included in refcount.
1153      typedef const _CharT* pointer;
1154
1155    public:
1156      _Rope_const_iterator() { }
1157
1158      _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_const_iterator& __x)
1159      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__x) { }
1160
1161      _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>& __x);
1162    
1163      _Rope_const_iterator(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, std::size_t __pos)
1164      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__r._M_tree_ptr, __pos) { }
1165
1166      _Rope_const_iterator&
1167      operator=(const _Rope_const_iterator& __x)
1168      {
1169        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr && __x._M_buf_start != __x._M_tmp_buf)
1170	  *(static_cast<_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>*>(this)) = __x;
1171	else
1172	  {
1173            this->_M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
1174            this->_M_root = __x._M_root;
1175            this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
1176	  }
1177        return(*this);
1178      }
1179
1180      reference
1181      operator*()
1182      {
1183        if (0 == this->_M_buf_ptr)
1184	  this->_S_setcache(*this);
1185        return *this->_M_buf_ptr;
1186      }
1187
1188      // Without this const version, Rope iterators do not meet the
1189      // requirements of an Input Iterator.
1190      reference
1191      operator*() const
1192      {
1193	return *const_cast<_Rope_const_iterator&>(*this);
1194      }
1195
1196      _Rope_const_iterator&
1197      operator++()
1198      {
1199        __GC_CONST _CharT* __next;
1200        if (0 != this->_M_buf_ptr
1201	    && (__next = this->_M_buf_ptr + 1) < this->_M_buf_end)
1202	  {
1203            this->_M_buf_ptr = __next;
1204            ++this->_M_current_pos;
1205	  }
1206	else
1207	  this->_M_incr(1);
1208	return *this;
1209      }
1210
1211      _Rope_const_iterator&
1212      operator+=(std::ptrdiff_t __n)
1213      {
1214        if (__n >= 0)
1215	  this->_M_incr(__n);
1216	else
1217	  this->_M_decr(-__n);
1218	return *this;
1219      }
1220
1221      _Rope_const_iterator&
1222      operator--()
1223      {
1224        this->_M_decr(1);
1225        return *this;
1226      }
1227
1228      _Rope_const_iterator&
1229      operator-=(std::ptrdiff_t __n)
1230      {
1231        if (__n >= 0)
1232	  this->_M_decr(__n);
1233	else
1234	  this->_M_incr(-__n);
1235	return *this;
1236      }
1237
1238      _Rope_const_iterator
1239      operator++(int)
1240      {
1241	std::size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1242        this->_M_incr(1);
1243        return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(this->_M_root, __old_pos);
1244        // This makes a subsequent dereference expensive.
1245        // Perhaps we should instead copy the iterator
1246        // if it has a valid cache?
1247      }
1248
1249      _Rope_const_iterator
1250      operator--(int)
1251      {
1252	std::size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1253        this->_M_decr(1);
1254        return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(this->_M_root, __old_pos);
1255      }
1256
1257      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1258        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1259        operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1260		  std::ptrdiff_t __n);
1261
1262      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1263        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1264        operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1265		  std::ptrdiff_t __n);
1266
1267      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1268        friend _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1269        operator+(std::ptrdiff_t __n,
1270		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x);
1271
1272      reference
1273      operator[](std::size_t __n)
1274      { return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_fetch(this->_M_root,
1275					      this->_M_current_pos + __n); }
1276
1277      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1278        friend bool
1279        operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1280		   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1281
1282      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1283        friend bool
1284        operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1285		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1286
1287      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1288        friend std::ptrdiff_t
1289        operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1290		  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1291    };
1292
1293  template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1294    class _Rope_iterator
1295    : public _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
1296    {
1297      friend class rope<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1298    protected:
1299      typedef typename _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep _RopeRep;
1300      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>* _M_root_rope;
1301
1302      // root is treated as a cached version of this, and is used to
1303      // detect changes to the underlying rope.
1304
1305      // Root is included in the reference count.  This is necessary
1306      // so that we can detect changes reliably.  Unfortunately, it
1307      // requires careful bookkeeping for the nonGC case.
1308      _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>* __r, std::size_t __pos)
1309      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__r->_M_tree_ptr, __pos),
1310        _M_root_rope(__r)
1311      { _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
1312        if (!(__r -> empty()))
1313	  this->_S_setcache(*this);
1314      }
1315
1316      void _M_check();
1317    public:
1318      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>  reference;
1319      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>* pointer;
1320
1321      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
1322      container()
1323      { return *_M_root_rope; }
1324
1325      _Rope_iterator()
1326      {
1327        this->_M_root = 0;  // Needed for reference counting.
1328      }
1329
1330      _Rope_iterator(const _Rope_iterator& __x)
1331      : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x)
1332      {
1333        _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
1334        _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
1335      }
1336
1337      _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, std::size_t __pos);
1338
1339      ~_Rope_iterator()
1340      { _RopeRep::_S_unref(this->_M_root); }
1341
1342      _Rope_iterator&
1343      operator=(const _Rope_iterator& __x)
1344      {
1345        _RopeRep* __old = this->_M_root;
1346	
1347        _RopeRep::_S_ref(__x._M_root);
1348        if (0 != __x._M_buf_ptr && __x._M_buf_start != __x._M_tmp_buf)
1349	  {
1350            _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
1351            *(static_cast<_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>*>(this)) = __x;
1352	  }
1353	else
1354	  {
1355	    this->_M_current_pos = __x._M_current_pos;
1356            this->_M_root = __x._M_root;
1357            _M_root_rope = __x._M_root_rope;
1358            this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
1359	  }
1360        _RopeRep::_S_unref(__old);
1361        return(*this);
1362      }
1363
1364      reference
1365      operator*()
1366      {
1367        _M_check();
1368        if (0 == this->_M_buf_ptr)
1369	  return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
1370						      this->_M_current_pos);
1371	else
1372	  return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
1373						      this->_M_current_pos,
1374						      *this->_M_buf_ptr);
1375      }
1376
1377      // See above comment.
1378      reference
1379      operator*() const
1380      {
1381	return *const_cast<_Rope_iterator&>(*this);
1382      }
1383
1384      _Rope_iterator&
1385      operator++()
1386      {
1387        this->_M_incr(1);
1388        return *this;
1389      }
1390
1391      _Rope_iterator&
1392      operator+=(std::ptrdiff_t __n)
1393      {
1394        if (__n >= 0)
1395	  this->_M_incr(__n);
1396	else
1397	  this->_M_decr(-__n);
1398	return *this;
1399      }
1400
1401      _Rope_iterator&
1402      operator--()
1403      {
1404        this->_M_decr(1);
1405        return *this;
1406      }
1407
1408      _Rope_iterator&
1409      operator-=(std::ptrdiff_t __n)
1410      {
1411        if (__n >= 0)
1412	  this->_M_decr(__n);
1413	else
1414	  this->_M_incr(-__n);
1415	return *this;
1416      }
1417
1418      _Rope_iterator
1419      operator++(int)
1420      {
1421	std::size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1422        this->_M_incr(1);
1423        return _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(_M_root_rope, __old_pos);
1424      }
1425
1426      _Rope_iterator
1427      operator--(int)
1428      {
1429	std::size_t __old_pos = this->_M_current_pos;
1430        this->_M_decr(1);
1431        return _Rope_iterator<_CharT,_Alloc>(_M_root_rope, __old_pos);
1432      }
1433
1434      reference
1435      operator[](std::ptrdiff_t __n)
1436      { return _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(_M_root_rope,
1437						    this->_M_current_pos
1438						    + __n); }
1439
1440      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1441        friend bool
1442        operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1443		   const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1444
1445      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1446        friend bool
1447        operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1448		  const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1449
1450      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1451        friend std::ptrdiff_t
1452        operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1453		  const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __y);
1454
1455      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1456        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1457        operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1458		  std::ptrdiff_t __n);
1459
1460      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1461        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1462        operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x,
1463		  std::ptrdiff_t __n);
1464
1465      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
1466        friend _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
1467        operator+(std::ptrdiff_t __n,
1468		  const _Rope_iterator<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __x);
1469    };
1470
1471
1472  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1473    struct _Rope_base
1474    : public _Alloc
1475    {
1476      typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
1477
1478      allocator_type
1479      get_allocator() const
1480      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
1481
1482      allocator_type&
1483      _M_get_allocator()
1484      { return *static_cast<_Alloc*>(this); }
1485
1486      const allocator_type&
1487      _M_get_allocator() const
1488      { return *static_cast<const _Alloc*>(this); }
1489
1490      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1491      // The one in _Base may not be visible due to template rules.
1492
1493      _Rope_base(_RopeRep* __t, const allocator_type&)
1494      : _M_tree_ptr(__t) { }
1495
1496      _Rope_base(const allocator_type&) { }
1497
1498      // The only data member of a rope:
1499      _RopeRep *_M_tree_ptr;
1500
1501#define __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC(_Tp, __name) \
1502        typedef typename \
1503          __alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template rebind<_Tp>::other __name##Alloc; \
1504        static _Tp* __name##_allocate(std::size_t __n) \
1505          { return __name##Alloc().allocate(__n); } \
1506        static void __name##_deallocate(_Tp *__p, std::size_t __n) \
1507          { __name##Alloc().deallocate(__p, __n); }
1508      __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOCS(_Alloc)
1509#undef __ROPE_DEFINE_ALLOC
1510
1511	protected:
1512      _Rope_base&
1513      operator=(const _Rope_base&);
1514      
1515      _Rope_base(const _Rope_base&);
1516    };
1517
1518  /**
1519   *  This is an SGI extension.
1520   *  @ingroup SGIextensions
1521   *  @doctodo
1522   */
1523  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
1524    class rope : public _Rope_base<_CharT, _Alloc>
1525    {
1526    public:
1527      typedef _CharT value_type;
1528      typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
1529      typedef std::size_t size_type;
1530      typedef _CharT const_reference;
1531      typedef const _CharT* const_pointer;
1532      typedef _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc> iterator;
1533      typedef _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc> const_iterator;
1534      typedef _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> reference;
1535      typedef _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc> pointer;
1536
1537      friend class _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1538      friend class _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1539      friend struct _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1540      friend class _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1541      friend class _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1542      friend class _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1543      friend struct _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>;
1544
1545    protected:
1546      typedef _Rope_base<_CharT, _Alloc> _Base;
1547      typedef typename _Base::allocator_type allocator_type;
1548      using _Base::_M_tree_ptr;
1549      using _Base::get_allocator;
1550      using _Base::_M_get_allocator;
1551      typedef __GC_CONST _CharT* _Cstrptr;
1552      
1553      static _CharT _S_empty_c_str[1];
1554      
1555      static bool
1556      _S_is0(_CharT __c)
1557      { return __c == _S_eos((_CharT*)0); }
1558      
1559      enum { _S_copy_max = 23 };
1560                // For strings shorter than _S_copy_max, we copy to
1561                // concatenate.
1562
1563      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeRep;
1564      typedef _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeConcatenation;
1565      typedef _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeLeaf;
1566      typedef _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeFunction;
1567      typedef _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc> _RopeSubstring;
1568
1569      // Retrieve a character at the indicated position.
1570      static _CharT _S_fetch(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __pos);
1571
1572#ifndef __GC
1573      // Obtain a pointer to the character at the indicated position.
1574      // The pointer can be used to change the character.
1575      // If such a pointer cannot be produced, as is frequently the
1576      // case, 0 is returned instead.
1577      // (Returns nonzero only if all nodes in the path have a refcount
1578      // of 1.)
1579      static _CharT* _S_fetch_ptr(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __pos);
1580#endif
1581
1582      static bool
1583      _S_apply_to_pieces(// should be template parameter
1584			 _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c,
1585			 const _RopeRep* __r,
1586			 size_type __begin, size_type __end);
1587                         // begin and end are assumed to be in range.
1588
1589#ifndef __GC
1590      static void
1591      _S_unref(_RopeRep* __t)
1592      { _RopeRep::_S_unref(__t); }
1593
1594      static void
1595      _S_ref(_RopeRep* __t)
1596      { _RopeRep::_S_ref(__t); }
1597
1598#else /* __GC */
1599      static void _S_unref(_RopeRep*) { }
1600      static void _S_ref(_RopeRep*) { }
1601#endif
1602
1603#ifdef __GC
1604      typedef _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>* _Self_destruct_ptr;
1605#else
1606      typedef _Rope_self_destruct_ptr<_CharT, _Alloc> _Self_destruct_ptr;
1607#endif
1608
1609      // _Result is counted in refcount.
1610      static _RopeRep* _S_substring(_RopeRep* __base,
1611                                    size_type __start, size_type __endp1);
1612
1613      static _RopeRep* _S_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r,
1614					   const _CharT* __iter,
1615					   size_type __slen);
1616      // Concatenate rope and char ptr, copying __s.
1617      // Should really take an arbitrary iterator.
1618      // Result is counted in refcount.
1619      static _RopeRep* _S_destr_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r,
1620						 const _CharT* __iter,
1621						 size_type __slen)
1622	// As above, but one reference to __r is about to be
1623	// destroyed.  Thus the pieces may be recycled if all
1624	// relevant reference counts are 1.
1625#ifdef __GC
1626	// We can't really do anything since refcounts are unavailable.
1627      { return _S_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __slen); }
1628#else
1629      ;
1630#endif
1631
1632      static _RopeRep* _S_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right);
1633      // General concatenation on _RopeRep.  _Result
1634      // has refcount of 1.  Adjusts argument refcounts.
1635
1636   public:
1637      void
1638      apply_to_pieces(size_type __begin, size_type __end,
1639		      _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c) const
1640      { _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, this->_M_tree_ptr, __begin, __end); }
1641
1642   protected:
1643
1644      static size_type
1645      _S_rounded_up_size(size_type __n)
1646      { return _RopeLeaf::_S_rounded_up_size(__n); }
1647
1648      static size_type
1649      _S_allocated_capacity(size_type __n)
1650      {
1651	if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
1652	  return _S_rounded_up_size(__n) - 1;
1653	else
1654	  return _S_rounded_up_size(__n);
1655	
1656      }
1657
1658      // Allocate and construct a RopeLeaf using the supplied allocator
1659      // Takes ownership of s instead of copying.
1660      static _RopeLeaf*
1661      _S_new_RopeLeaf(__GC_CONST _CharT *__s,
1662		      size_type __size, allocator_type& __a)
1663      {
1664	_RopeLeaf* __space = typename _Base::_LAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1665	return new(__space) _RopeLeaf(__s, __size, __a);
1666      }
1667
1668      static _RopeConcatenation*
1669      _S_new_RopeConcatenation(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right,
1670			       allocator_type& __a)
1671      {
1672	_RopeConcatenation* __space = typename _Base::_CAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1673	return new(__space) _RopeConcatenation(__left, __right, __a);
1674      }
1675
1676      static _RopeFunction*
1677      _S_new_RopeFunction(char_producer<_CharT>* __f,
1678			  size_type __size, bool __d, allocator_type& __a)
1679      {
1680	_RopeFunction* __space = typename _Base::_FAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1681	return new(__space) _RopeFunction(__f, __size, __d, __a);
1682      }
1683
1684      static _RopeSubstring*
1685      _S_new_RopeSubstring(_Rope_RopeRep<_CharT,_Alloc>* __b, size_type __s,
1686			   size_type __l, allocator_type& __a)
1687      {
1688	_RopeSubstring* __space = typename _Base::_SAlloc(__a).allocate(1);
1689	return new(__space) _RopeSubstring(__b, __s, __l, __a);
1690      }
1691      
1692      static _RopeLeaf*
1693      _S_RopeLeaf_from_unowned_char_ptr(const _CharT *__s,
1694					size_type __size, allocator_type& __a)
1695#define __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __size, __a) \
1696                _S_RopeLeaf_from_unowned_char_ptr(__s, __size, __a)
1697      {
1698	if (0 == __size)
1699	  return 0;
1700	_CharT* __buf = __a.allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__size));
1701	
1702	__uninitialized_copy_n_a(__s, __size, __buf, __a);
1703	_S_cond_store_eos(__buf[__size]);
1704	__try
1705	  { return _S_new_RopeLeaf(__buf, __size, __a); }
1706	__catch(...)
1707	  {
1708	    _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__buf, __size, __a);
1709	    __throw_exception_again;
1710	  }
1711      }
1712
1713      // Concatenation of nonempty strings.
1714      // Always builds a concatenation node.
1715      // Rebalances if the result is too deep.
1716      // Result has refcount 1.
1717      // Does not increment left and right ref counts even though
1718      // they are referenced.
1719      static _RopeRep*
1720      _S_tree_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right);
1721
1722      // Concatenation helper functions
1723      static _RopeLeaf*
1724      _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r,
1725			       const _CharT* __iter, size_type __slen);
1726      // Concatenate by copying leaf.
1727      // should take an arbitrary iterator
1728      // result has refcount 1.
1729#ifndef __GC
1730      static _RopeLeaf*
1731      _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r,
1732				     const _CharT* __iter, size_type __slen);
1733      // A version that potentially clobbers __r if __r->_M_ref_count == 1.
1734#endif
1735
1736    private:
1737      
1738      static size_type _S_char_ptr_len(const _CharT* __s);
1739      // slightly generalized strlen
1740
1741      rope(_RopeRep* __t, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1742      : _Base(__t, __a) { }
1743
1744
1745      // Copy __r to the _CharT buffer.
1746      // Returns __buffer + __r->_M_size.
1747      // Assumes that buffer is uninitialized.
1748      static _CharT* _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, _CharT* __buffer);
1749
1750      // Again, with explicit starting position and length.
1751      // Assumes that buffer is uninitialized.
1752      static _CharT* _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r,
1753				size_type __start, size_type __len,
1754				_CharT* __buffer);
1755
1756      static const unsigned long
1757      _S_min_len[__detail::_S_max_rope_depth + 1];
1758      
1759      static bool
1760      _S_is_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
1761      { return (__r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth]); }
1762
1763      static bool
1764      _S_is_almost_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
1765      { return (__r->_M_depth == 0
1766		|| __r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth - 1]); }
1767
1768      static bool
1769      _S_is_roughly_balanced(_RopeRep* __r)
1770      { return (__r->_M_depth <= 1
1771		|| __r->_M_size >= _S_min_len[__r->_M_depth - 2]); }
1772
1773      // Assumes the result is not empty.
1774      static _RopeRep*
1775      _S_concat_and_set_balanced(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
1776      {
1777	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
1778	if (_S_is_balanced(__result))
1779	  __result->_M_is_balanced = true;
1780	return __result;
1781      }
1782
1783      // The basic rebalancing operation.  Logically copies the
1784      // rope.  The result has refcount of 1.  The client will
1785      // usually decrement the reference count of __r.
1786      // The result is within height 2 of balanced by the above
1787      // definition.
1788      static _RopeRep* _S_balance(_RopeRep* __r);
1789
1790      // Add all unbalanced subtrees to the forest of balanced trees.
1791      // Used only by balance.
1792      static void _S_add_to_forest(_RopeRep*__r, _RopeRep** __forest);
1793
1794      // Add __r to forest, assuming __r is already balanced.
1795      static void _S_add_leaf_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest);
1796      
1797      // Print to stdout, exposing structure
1798      static void _S_dump(_RopeRep* __r, int __indent = 0);
1799      
1800      // Return -1, 0, or 1 if __x < __y, __x == __y, or __x > __y resp.
1801      static int _S_compare(const _RopeRep* __x, const _RopeRep* __y);
1802      
1803    public:
1804      _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD bool
1805      empty() const
1806      { return 0 == this->_M_tree_ptr; }
1807      
1808      // Comparison member function.  This is public only for those
1809      // clients that need a ternary comparison.  Others
1810      // should use the comparison operators below.
1811      int
1812      compare(const rope& __y) const
1813      { return _S_compare(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr); }
1814
1815      rope(const _CharT* __s, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1816      : _Base(__a)
1817      {
1818	this->_M_tree_ptr =
1819	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, _S_char_ptr_len(__s),
1820					   _M_get_allocator());
1821      }
1822
1823      rope(const _CharT* __s, size_type __len,
1824	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1825      : _Base(__a)
1826      {
1827	this->_M_tree_ptr =
1828	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __len, _M_get_allocator());
1829      }
1830
1831      // Should perhaps be templatized with respect to the iterator type
1832      // and use Sequence_buffer.  (It should perhaps use sequence_buffer
1833      // even now.)
1834      rope(const _CharT* __s, const _CharT* __e,
1835	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1836      : _Base(__a)
1837      {
1838	this->_M_tree_ptr =
1839	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __e - __s, _M_get_allocator());
1840      }
1841
1842      rope(const const_iterator& __s, const const_iterator& __e,
1843	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1844      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
1845			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
1846      { }
1847
1848      rope(const iterator& __s, const iterator& __e,
1849	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1850      : _Base(_S_substring(__s._M_root, __s._M_current_pos,
1851			   __e._M_current_pos), __a)
1852      { }
1853
1854      rope(_CharT __c, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1855      : _Base(__a)
1856      {
1857	_CharT* __buf = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(1));
1858	
1859	__alloc_traits<allocator_type>::construct(_M_get_allocator(),
1860						  __buf, __c);
1861	__try
1862	  {
1863	    this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__buf, 1,
1864						_M_get_allocator());
1865	  }
1866	__catch(...)
1867	  {
1868	    _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__buf, 1, _M_get_allocator());
1869	    __throw_exception_again;
1870	  }
1871      }
1872
1873      rope(size_type __n, _CharT __c,
1874	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type());
1875
1876      rope(const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1877      : _Base(0, __a) { }
1878
1879      // Construct a rope from a function that can compute its members
1880      rope(char_producer<_CharT> *__fn, size_type __len, bool __delete_fn,
1881	   const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1882      : _Base(__a)
1883      {
1884	this->_M_tree_ptr = (0 == __len)
1885	  ? 0
1886	  : _S_new_RopeFunction(__fn, __len, __delete_fn, _M_get_allocator());
1887      }
1888
1889      rope(const rope& __x, const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
1890      : _Base(__x._M_tree_ptr, __a)
1891      { _S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
1892
1893      ~rope() throw()
1894      { _S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
1895
1896      rope&
1897      operator=(const rope& __x)
1898      {
1899	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1900	this->_M_tree_ptr = __x._M_tree_ptr;
1901	_S_ref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
1902	_S_unref(__old);
1903	return *this;
1904      }
1905
1906      void
1907      clear()
1908      {
1909	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
1910	this->_M_tree_ptr = 0;
1911      }
1912      
1913      void
1914      push_back(_CharT __x)
1915      {
1916	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1917	this->_M_tree_ptr
1918	  = _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__x, 1);
1919	_S_unref(__old);
1920      }
1921
1922      void
1923      pop_back()
1924      {
1925	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1926	this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
1927					 0, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1);
1928	_S_unref(__old);
1929      }
1930
1931      _CharT
1932      back() const
1933      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size - 1); }
1934
1935      void
1936      push_front(_CharT __x)
1937      {
1938	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1939	_RopeRep* __left =
1940	  __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(&__x, 1, _M_get_allocator());
1941	__try
1942	  {
1943	    this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_concat(__left, this->_M_tree_ptr);
1944	    _S_unref(__old);
1945	    _S_unref(__left);
1946	  }
1947	__catch(...)
1948	  {
1949	    _S_unref(__left);
1950	    __throw_exception_again;
1951	  }
1952      }
1953
1954      void
1955      pop_front()
1956      {
1957	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1958	this->_M_tree_ptr
1959	  = _S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr, 1, this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size);
1960	_S_unref(__old);
1961      }
1962
1963      _CharT
1964      front() const
1965      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0); }
1966
1967      void
1968      balance()
1969      {
1970	_RopeRep* __old = this->_M_tree_ptr;
1971	this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_balance(this->_M_tree_ptr);
1972	_S_unref(__old);
1973      }
1974
1975      void
1976      copy(_CharT* __buffer) const
1977      {
1978	_Destroy_const(__buffer, __buffer + size(), _M_get_allocator());
1979	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __buffer);
1980      }
1981
1982      // This is the copy function from the standard, but
1983      // with the arguments reordered to make it consistent with the
1984      // rest of the interface.
1985      // Note that this guaranteed not to compile if the draft standard
1986      // order is assumed.
1987      size_type
1988      copy(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT* __buffer) const
1989      {
1990	size_type __size = size();
1991	size_type __len = (__pos + __n > __size? __size - __pos : __n);
1992
1993	_Destroy_const(__buffer, __buffer + __len, _M_get_allocator());
1994	_S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos, __len, __buffer);
1995	return __len;
1996      }
1997
1998      // Print to stdout, exposing structure.  May be useful for
1999      // performance debugging.
2000      void
2001      dump()
2002      { _S_dump(this->_M_tree_ptr); }
2003      
2004      // Convert to 0 terminated string in new allocated memory.
2005      // Embedded 0s in the input do not terminate the copy.
2006      const _CharT* c_str() const;
2007
2008      // As above, but also use the flattened representation as
2009      // the new rope representation.
2010      const _CharT* replace_with_c_str();
2011      
2012      // Reclaim memory for the c_str generated flattened string.
2013      // Intentionally undocumented, since it's hard to say when this
2014      // is safe for multiple threads.
2015      void
2016      delete_c_str ()
2017      {
2018	if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
2019	  return;
2020	if (__detail::_S_leaf == this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_tag &&
2021	    ((_RopeLeaf*)this->_M_tree_ptr)->_M_data ==
2022	    this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string)
2023	  {
2024	    // Representation shared
2025	    return;
2026	  }
2027#ifndef __GC
2028	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_free_c_string();
2029#endif
2030	this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string = 0;
2031      }
2032
2033      _CharT
2034      operator[] (size_type __pos) const
2035      { return _S_fetch(this->_M_tree_ptr, __pos); }
2036
2037      _CharT
2038      at(size_type __pos) const
2039      {
2040	// if (__pos >= size()) throw out_of_range;  // XXX
2041	return (*this)[__pos];
2042      }
2043
2044      const_iterator
2045      begin() const
2046      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }
2047
2048      // An easy way to get a const iterator from a non-const container.
2049      const_iterator
2050      const_begin() const
2051      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0)); }
2052
2053      const_iterator
2054      end() const
2055      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }
2056
2057      const_iterator
2058      const_end() const
2059      { return(const_iterator(this->_M_tree_ptr, size())); }
2060
2061      size_type
2062      size() const
2063      {	return(0 == this->_M_tree_ptr? 0 : this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_size); }
2064      
2065      size_type
2066      length() const
2067      {	return size(); }
2068
2069      size_type
2070      max_size() const
2071      {
2072	return _S_min_len[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) - 1] - 1;
2073	//  Guarantees that the result can be sufficiently
2074	//  balanced.  Longer ropes will probably still work,
2075	//  but it's harder to make guarantees.
2076      }
2077
2078      typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
2079
2080      const_reverse_iterator
2081      rbegin() const
2082      { return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
2083
2084      const_reverse_iterator
2085      const_rbegin() const
2086      {	return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
2087
2088      const_reverse_iterator
2089      rend() const
2090      { return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
2091      
2092      const_reverse_iterator
2093      const_rend() const
2094      {	return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
2095
2096      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
2097        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
2098        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left,
2099		  const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __right);
2100
2101      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
2102        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
2103        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, const _CharT2* __right);
2104
2105      template<class _CharT2, class _Alloc2>
2106        friend rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>
2107        operator+(const rope<_CharT2, _Alloc2>& __left, _CharT2 __right);
2108
2109      // The symmetric cases are intentionally omitted, since they're
2110      // presumed to be less common, and we don't handle them as well.
2111
2112      // The following should really be templatized.  The first
2113      // argument should be an input iterator or forward iterator with
2114      // value_type _CharT.
2115      rope&
2116      append(const _CharT* __iter, size_type __n)
2117      {
2118	_RopeRep* __result =
2119	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __iter, __n);
2120	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2121	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2122	return *this;
2123      }
2124
2125      rope&
2126      append(const _CharT* __c_string)
2127      {
2128	size_type __len = _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string);
2129	append(__c_string, __len);
2130	return(*this);
2131      }
2132
2133      rope&
2134      append(const _CharT* __s, const _CharT* __e)
2135      {
2136	_RopeRep* __result =
2137	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, __s, __e - __s);
2138	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2139	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2140	return *this;
2141      }
2142
2143      rope&
2144      append(const_iterator __s, const_iterator __e)
2145      {
2146	_Self_destruct_ptr __appendee(_S_substring(__s._M_root,
2147						   __s._M_current_pos,
2148						   __e._M_current_pos));
2149	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, 
2150				       (_RopeRep*)__appendee);
2151	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2152	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2153	return *this;
2154      }
2155
2156      rope&
2157      append(_CharT __c)
2158      {
2159	_RopeRep* __result =
2160	  _S_destr_concat_char_iter(this->_M_tree_ptr, &__c, 1);
2161	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2162	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2163	return *this;
2164      }
2165
2166      rope&
2167      append()
2168      { return append(_CharT()); }  // XXX why?
2169
2170      rope&
2171      append(const rope& __y)
2172      {
2173	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(this->_M_tree_ptr, __y._M_tree_ptr);
2174	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2175	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2176	return *this;
2177      }
2178
2179      rope&
2180      append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
2181      {
2182	rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __last(__n, __c);
2183	return append(__last);
2184      }
2185
2186      void
2187      swap(rope& __b)
2188      {
2189	_RopeRep* __tmp = this->_M_tree_ptr;
2190	this->_M_tree_ptr = __b._M_tree_ptr;
2191	__b._M_tree_ptr = __tmp;
2192      }
2193
2194    protected:
2195      // Result is included in refcount.
2196      static _RopeRep*
2197      replace(_RopeRep* __old, size_type __pos1,
2198	      size_type __pos2, _RopeRep* __r)
2199      {
2200	if (0 == __old)
2201	  {
2202	    _S_ref(__r);
2203	    return __r;
2204	  }
2205	_Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(__old, 0, __pos1));
2206	_Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(__old, __pos2, __old->_M_size));
2207	_RopeRep* __result;
2208
2209	if (0 == __r)
2210	  __result = _S_concat(__left, __right);
2211	else
2212	  {
2213	    _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat(__left, __r));
2214	    __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right);
2215	  }
2216	return __result;
2217      }
2218
2219    public:
2220      void
2221      insert(size_type __p, const rope& __r)
2222      {
2223	_RopeRep* __result =
2224	  replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p, __p, __r._M_tree_ptr);
2225	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2226	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2227      }
2228
2229      void
2230      insert(size_type __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
2231      {
2232	rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __r(__n,__c);
2233	insert(__p, __r);
2234      }
2235      
2236      void
2237      insert(size_type __p, const _CharT* __i, size_type __n)
2238      {
2239	_Self_destruct_ptr __left(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr, 0, __p));
2240	_Self_destruct_ptr __right(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2241						__p, size()));
2242	_Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_concat_char_iter(__left, __i, __n));
2243	// _S_ destr_concat_char_iter should be safe here.
2244	// But as it stands it's probably not a win, since __left
2245	// is likely to have additional references.
2246	_RopeRep* __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right);
2247	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2248	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2249      }
2250
2251      void
2252      insert(size_type __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
2253      {	insert(__p, __c_string, _S_char_ptr_len(__c_string)); }
2254
2255      void
2256      insert(size_type __p, _CharT __c)
2257      { insert(__p, &__c, 1); }
2258
2259      void
2260      insert(size_type __p)
2261      {
2262	_CharT __c = _CharT();
2263	insert(__p, &__c, 1);
2264      }
2265
2266      void
2267      insert(size_type __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2268      {
2269	rope __r(__i, __j);
2270	insert(__p, __r);
2271      }
2272
2273      void
2274      insert(size_type __p, const const_iterator& __i,
2275	     const const_iterator& __j)
2276      {
2277	rope __r(__i, __j);
2278	insert(__p, __r);
2279      }
2280
2281      void
2282      insert(size_type __p, const iterator& __i,
2283	     const iterator& __j)
2284      {
2285	rope __r(__i, __j);
2286	insert(__p, __r);
2287      }
2288
2289      // (position, length) versions of replace operations:
2290      
2291      void
2292      replace(size_type __p, size_type __n, const rope& __r)
2293      {
2294	_RopeRep* __result =
2295	  replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p, __p + __n, __r._M_tree_ptr);
2296	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2297	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2298      }
2299
2300      void
2301      replace(size_type __p, size_type __n,
2302	      const _CharT* __i, size_type __i_len)
2303      {
2304	rope __r(__i, __i_len);
2305	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2306      }
2307
2308      void
2309      replace(size_type __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
2310      {
2311	rope __r(__c);
2312	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2313      }
2314
2315      void
2316      replace(size_type __p, size_type __n, const _CharT* __c_string)
2317      {
2318	rope __r(__c_string);
2319	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2320      }
2321      
2322      void
2323      replace(size_type __p, size_type __n,
2324	      const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2325      {
2326	rope __r(__i, __j);
2327	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2328      }
2329      
2330      void
2331      replace(size_type __p, size_type __n,
2332	      const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
2333      {
2334	rope __r(__i, __j);
2335	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2336      }
2337
2338      void
2339      replace(size_type __p, size_type __n,
2340	      const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
2341      {
2342	rope __r(__i, __j);
2343	replace(__p, __n, __r);
2344      }
2345
2346      // Single character variants:
2347      void
2348      replace(size_type __p, _CharT __c)
2349      {
2350	iterator __i(this, __p);
2351	*__i = __c;
2352      }
2353
2354      void
2355      replace(size_type __p, const rope& __r)
2356      { replace(__p, 1, __r); }
2357
2358      void
2359      replace(size_type __p, const _CharT* __i, size_type __i_len)
2360      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __i_len); }
2361
2362      void
2363      replace(size_type __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
2364      {	replace(__p, 1, __c_string); }
2365
2366      void
2367      replace(size_type __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2368      {	replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
2369
2370      void
2371      replace(size_type __p, const const_iterator& __i,
2372	      const const_iterator& __j)
2373      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
2374
2375      void
2376      replace(size_type __p, const iterator& __i,
2377	      const iterator& __j)
2378      { replace(__p, 1, __i, __j); }
2379
2380      // Erase, (position, size) variant.
2381      void
2382      erase(size_type __p, size_type __n)
2383      {
2384	_RopeRep* __result = replace(this->_M_tree_ptr, __p,
2385				     __p + __n, 0);
2386	_S_unref(this->_M_tree_ptr);
2387	this->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
2388      }
2389
2390      // Erase, single character
2391      void
2392      erase(size_type __p)
2393      { erase(__p, __p + 1); }
2394
2395      // Insert, iterator variants.
2396      iterator
2397      insert(const iterator& __p, const rope& __r)
2398      {
2399	insert(__p.index(), __r);
2400	return __p;
2401      }
2402
2403      iterator
2404      insert(const iterator& __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
2405      {
2406	insert(__p.index(), __n, __c);
2407	return __p;
2408      }
2409
2410      iterator insert(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
2411      {
2412	insert(__p.index(), __c);
2413	return __p;
2414      }
2415      
2416      iterator
2417      insert(const iterator& __p )
2418      {
2419	insert(__p.index());
2420	return __p;
2421      }
2422      
2423      iterator
2424      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* c_string)
2425      {
2426	insert(__p.index(), c_string);
2427	return __p;
2428      }
2429      
2430      iterator
2431      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_type __n)
2432      {
2433	insert(__p.index(), __i, __n);
2434	return __p;
2435      }
2436      
2437      iterator
2438      insert(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i,
2439	     const _CharT* __j)
2440      {
2441	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j); 
2442	return __p;
2443      }
2444      
2445      iterator
2446      insert(const iterator& __p,
2447	     const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
2448      {
2449	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j);
2450	return __p;
2451      }
2452      
2453      iterator
2454      insert(const iterator& __p,
2455	     const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
2456      {
2457	insert(__p.index(), __i, __j);
2458	return __p;
2459      }
2460
2461      // Replace, range variants.
2462      void
2463      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q, const rope& __r)
2464      {	replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __r); }
2465
2466      void
2467      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q, _CharT __c)
2468      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c); }
2469      
2470      void
2471      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2472	      const _CharT* __c_string)
2473      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __c_string); }
2474      
2475      void
2476      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2477	      const _CharT* __i, size_type __n)
2478      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __n); }
2479      
2480      void
2481      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2482	      const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2483      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
2484      
2485      void
2486      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2487	      const const_iterator& __i, const const_iterator& __j)
2488      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
2489      
2490      void
2491      replace(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q,
2492	      const iterator& __i, const iterator& __j)
2493      { replace(__p.index(), __q.index() - __p.index(), __i, __j); }
2494
2495      // Replace, iterator variants.
2496      void
2497      replace(const iterator& __p, const rope& __r)
2498      { replace(__p.index(), __r); }
2499      
2500      void
2501      replace(const iterator& __p, _CharT __c)
2502      { replace(__p.index(), __c); }
2503      
2504      void
2505      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __c_string)
2506      { replace(__p.index(), __c_string); }
2507      
2508      void
2509      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, size_type __n)
2510      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __n); }
2511      
2512      void
2513      replace(const iterator& __p, const _CharT* __i, const _CharT* __j)
2514      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
2515      
2516      void
2517      replace(const iterator& __p, const_iterator __i, const_iterator __j)
2518      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
2519      
2520      void
2521      replace(const iterator& __p, iterator __i, iterator __j)
2522      { replace(__p.index(), __i, __j); }
2523
2524      // Iterator and range variants of erase
2525      iterator
2526      erase(const iterator& __p, const iterator& __q)
2527      {
2528	size_type __p_index = __p.index();
2529	erase(__p_index, __q.index() - __p_index);
2530	return iterator(this, __p_index);
2531      }
2532
2533      iterator
2534      erase(const iterator& __p)
2535      {
2536	size_type __p_index = __p.index();
2537	erase(__p_index, 1);
2538	return iterator(this, __p_index);
2539      }
2540
2541      rope
2542      substr(size_type __start, size_type __len = 1) const
2543      {
2544	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2545						 __start,
2546						 __start + __len));
2547      }
2548
2549      rope
2550      substr(iterator __start, iterator __end) const
2551      {
2552	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2553						 __start.index(),
2554						 __end.index()));
2555      }
2556
2557      rope
2558      substr(iterator __start) const
2559      {
2560	size_type __pos = __start.index();
2561	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2562						 __pos, __pos + 1));
2563      }
2564
2565      rope
2566      substr(const_iterator __start, const_iterator __end) const
2567      {
2568	// This might eventually take advantage of the cache in the
2569	// iterator.
2570	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2571						 __start.index(),
2572						 __end.index()));
2573      }
2574
2575      rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2576      substr(const_iterator __start)
2577      {
2578	size_type __pos = __start.index();
2579	return rope<_CharT, _Alloc>(_S_substring(this->_M_tree_ptr,
2580						 __pos, __pos + 1));
2581      }
2582
2583      static const size_type npos;
2584
2585      size_type find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const;
2586
2587      size_type
2588      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2589      {
2590	size_type __result_pos;
2591	const_iterator __result =
2592	  std::search(const_begin() + __pos, const_end(),
2593		      __s, __s + _S_char_ptr_len(__s));
2594	__result_pos = __result.index();
2595#ifndef __STL_OLD_ROPE_SEMANTICS
2596	if (__result_pos == size())
2597	  __result_pos = npos;
2598#endif
2599	return __result_pos;
2600      }
2601
2602      iterator
2603      mutable_begin()
2604      { return(iterator(this, 0)); }
2605      
2606      iterator
2607      mutable_end()
2608      { return(iterator(this, size())); }
2609
2610      typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
2611      
2612      reverse_iterator
2613      mutable_rbegin()
2614      { return reverse_iterator(mutable_end()); }
2615
2616      reverse_iterator
2617      mutable_rend()
2618      { return reverse_iterator(mutable_begin()); }
2619
2620      reference
2621      mutable_reference_at(size_type __pos)
2622      { return reference(this, __pos); }
2623
2624#ifdef __STD_STUFF
2625      reference
2626      operator[] (size_type __pos)
2627      { return _char_ref_proxy(this, __pos); }
2628
2629      reference
2630      at(size_type __pos)
2631      {
2632	// if (__pos >= size()) throw out_of_range;  // XXX
2633	return (*this)[__pos];
2634      }
2635      
2636      void resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c) { }
2637      void resize(size_type __n) { }
2638      void reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0) { }
2639      
2640      size_type
2641      capacity() const
2642      { return max_size(); }
2643
2644      // Stuff below this line is dangerous because it's error prone.
2645      // I would really like to get rid of it.
2646      // copy function with funny arg ordering.
2647      size_type
2648      copy(_CharT* __buffer, size_type __n,
2649	   size_type __pos = 0) const
2650      { return copy(__pos, __n, __buffer); }
2651
2652      iterator
2653      end()
2654      { return mutable_end(); }
2655
2656      iterator
2657      begin()
2658      { return mutable_begin(); }
2659
2660      reverse_iterator
2661      rend()
2662      { return mutable_rend(); }
2663      
2664      reverse_iterator
2665      rbegin()
2666      { return mutable_rbegin(); }
2667
2668#else
2669      const_iterator
2670      end()
2671      { return const_end(); }
2672
2673      const_iterator
2674      begin()
2675      { return const_begin(); }
2676
2677      const_reverse_iterator
2678      rend()
2679      { return const_rend(); }
2680
2681      const_reverse_iterator
2682      rbegin()
2683      { return const_rbegin(); }
2684
2685#endif
2686    };
2687
2688  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2689    const typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::size_type
2690    rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::npos = (size_type)(-1);
2691  
2692  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2693    inline bool operator==(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2694			   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2695    { return (__x._M_current_pos == __y._M_current_pos
2696	      && __x._M_root == __y._M_root); }
2697
2698  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2699    inline bool operator<(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2700			  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2701    { return (__x._M_current_pos < __y._M_current_pos); }
2702
2703  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2704    inline bool operator!=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2705			   const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2706    { return !(__x == __y); }
2707
2708  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2709    inline bool operator>(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2710			  const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2711    { return __y < __x; }
2712
2713  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2714    inline bool
2715    operator<=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2716	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2717    { return !(__y < __x); }
2718
2719  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2720    inline bool
2721    operator>=(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2722	       const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2723    { return !(__x < __y); }
2724
2725  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2726    inline std::ptrdiff_t
2727    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2728	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2729    {
2730      return (std::ptrdiff_t)__x._M_current_pos
2731	- (std::ptrdiff_t)__y._M_current_pos;
2732    }
2733
2734  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2735    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2736    operator-(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2737	      std::ptrdiff_t __n)
2738    { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
2739						  __x._M_current_pos - __n); }
2740
2741  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2742    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2743    operator+(const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2744	      std::ptrdiff_t __n)
2745    { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
2746						  __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2747
2748  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2749    inline _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2750    operator+(std::ptrdiff_t __n,
2751	      const _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
2752  { return _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root,
2753						__x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2754
2755  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2756    inline bool
2757    operator==(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2758	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2759    {return (__x._M_current_pos == __y._M_current_pos
2760	     && __x._M_root_rope == __y._M_root_rope); }
2761  
2762  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2763    inline bool
2764    operator<(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2765	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2766    { return (__x._M_current_pos < __y._M_current_pos); }
2767
2768  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2769    inline bool
2770    operator!=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2771	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2772    { return !(__x == __y); }
2773
2774  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2775    inline bool
2776    operator>(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2777	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2778    { return __y < __x; }
2779
2780  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2781    inline bool
2782    operator<=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2783	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2784    { return !(__y < __x); }
2785
2786  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2787    inline bool
2788    operator>=(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2789	       const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2790    { return !(__x < __y); }
2791
2792  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2793    inline std::ptrdiff_t
2794    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2795	      const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2796    { return ((std::ptrdiff_t)__x._M_current_pos
2797	      - (std::ptrdiff_t)__y._M_current_pos); }
2798
2799  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2800    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2801    operator-(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2802	      std::ptrdiff_t __n)
2803    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
2804					    __x._M_current_pos - __n); }
2805
2806  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2807    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2808    operator+(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, std::ptrdiff_t __n)
2809    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
2810					    __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2811
2812  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2813    inline _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>
2814    operator+(std::ptrdiff_t __n, const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
2815    { return _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x._M_root_rope,
2816					    __x._M_current_pos + __n); }
2817
2818  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2819    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2820    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2821	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2822    {
2823      // Inlining this should make it possible to keep __left and
2824      // __right in registers.
2825      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
2826      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat(__left._M_tree_ptr, 
2827					    __right._M_tree_ptr));
2828    }
2829
2830  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2831    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
2832    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2833	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2834    {
2835      __left.append(__right);
2836      return __left;
2837    }
2838
2839  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2840    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2841    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2842	      const _CharT* __right)
2843    {
2844      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
2845      std::size_t __rlen = rope_type::_S_char_ptr_len(__right);
2846      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat_char_iter(__left._M_tree_ptr,
2847						      __right, __rlen));
2848    }
2849
2850  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2851    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
2852    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2853	       const _CharT* __right)
2854    {
2855      __left.append(__right);
2856      return __left;
2857    }
2858
2859  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2860    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>
2861    operator+(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right)
2862    {
2863      typedef rope<_CharT, _Alloc> rope_type;
2864      return rope_type(rope_type::_S_concat_char_iter(__left._M_tree_ptr,
2865						      &__right, 1));
2866    }
2867
2868  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2869    inline rope<_CharT, _Alloc>&
2870    operator+=(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left, _CharT __right)
2871    {
2872      __left.append(__right);
2873      return __left;
2874    }
2875  
2876  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2877    bool
2878    operator<(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2879	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2880    { return __left.compare(__right) < 0; }
2881
2882  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2883    bool
2884    operator==(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __left,
2885	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __right)
2886    { return __left.compare(__right) == 0; }
2887
2888  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2889    inline bool
2890    operator==(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2891	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2892    { return (__x._M_pos == __y._M_pos && __x._M_root == __y._M_root); }
2893
2894  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2895    inline bool
2896    operator!=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2897	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2898    { return !(__x == __y); }
2899
2900  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2901    inline bool
2902    operator>(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2903	      const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2904    { return __y < __x; }
2905
2906  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2907    inline bool
2908    operator<=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2909	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2910    { return !(__y < __x); }
2911
2912  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2913    inline bool
2914    operator>=(const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2915	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2916    { return !(__x < __y); }
2917
2918  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2919    inline bool
2920    operator!=(const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x,
2921	       const _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2922    { return !(__x == __y); }
2923
2924  template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
2925    std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
2926    operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o,
2927	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r);
2928
2929  typedef rope<char> crope;
2930  typedef rope<wchar_t> wrope;
2931
2932  inline crope::reference
2933  __mutable_reference_at(crope& __c, std::size_t __i)
2934  { return __c.mutable_reference_at(__i); }
2935
2936  inline wrope::reference
2937  __mutable_reference_at(wrope& __c, std::size_t __i)
2938  { return __c.mutable_reference_at(__i); }
2939
2940  template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
2941    inline void
2942    swap(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x, rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __y)
2943    { __x.swap(__y); }
2944
2945_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
2946} // namespace
2947
2948
2949namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
2950{ 
2951_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
2952
2953namespace tr1
2954{
2955  template<>
2956    struct hash<__gnu_cxx::crope>
2957    {
2958      size_t
2959      operator()(const __gnu_cxx::crope& __str) const
2960      {
2961	size_t __size = __str.size();
2962	if (0 == __size)
2963	  return 0;
2964	return 13 * __str[0] + 5 * __str[__size - 1] + __size;
2965      }
2966    };
2967
2968
2969  template<>
2970    struct hash<__gnu_cxx::wrope>
2971    {
2972      size_t
2973      operator()(const __gnu_cxx::wrope& __str) const
2974      {
2975	size_t __size = __str.size();
2976	if (0 == __size)
2977	  return 0;
2978	return 13 * __str[0] + 5 * __str[__size - 1] + __size;
2979      }
2980    };
2981} // namespace tr1
2982
2983_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
2984} // namespace std
2985
2986# include <ext/ropeimpl.h>
2987
2988#endif
2989