upgrade revision 1.9 
1The upgrade to NetBSD _VER is a binary upgrade; it would be prohibitive
2to make users upgrade by compiling and installing the _VER sources, and
3it would be very difficult to even compile a set of instructions that
4allowed them to do so.  Because of the many changes to the system, it
5is difficult and impractical to upgrade by recompiling from the sources
6and installing.
7
8No automated upgrade procedure exists for upgrading to release _VER for the
9NetBSD/mac68k architecture.  The current procedure is essentially to perform
10a new install from scratch.  It is hoped that there will be a good upgrade
11procedure for future releases.  Please feel free to volunteer to help
12replace these installation tools.
13
14The following steps outline the current upgrade procedure.  These steps
15should help ease the upgrade process.  Please read these instructions
16carefully and completely before proceeding:
17
181) Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel and most of the system
19   binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss.  You are strongly
20   advised to BACK UP ANY IMPORTANT DATA ON YOUR DISK, whether on the
21   NetBSD partition or on another operating system's partition, before
22   beginning the upgrade process.  Although the upgrade should not
23   damage your filesystem(s) in any way, you never know what may happen.
24
252) Download the distribution sets you want from the "mac68k/binary/sets"
26   subdirectory of the NetBSD _VER distribution.  You will need the base
27   set and the kernel at a minimum.  Be sure to download the files in
28   _binary_ mode.  If you will be upgrading from within NetBSD, make sure
29   that you place the distribution sets on a filesystem you will be able to
30   reach from single-user mode.
31
323) Install the _VER kernel.  You may either use the Installer utility
33   (included in the "installation/misc" subdirectory) or install from
34   within NetBSD (the latter is recommended for speed reasons).  If you
35   choose the former, proceed as you normally would.  If you choose to
36   install from within NetBSD, then boot (or shutdown) into single-user
37   mode and do the following:
38
39     cd /
40     tar -zxvpf /path/to/kern.tgz
41
42   There is no need to backup your old kernel explicitly since it will be
43   incapable of running many of the newer binaries you are about to
44   install (unless, of course, you have a backup copy of your older
45   binaries and want to revert to them for some reason).  However, you
46   might want to keep a backup if you are upgrading from within NetBSD just
47   in case the newer kernel has trouble booting your machine. 
48
494) If you are installing using the Installer, skip to step 5.  Otherwise,
50   reboot into NetBSD in single-user mode.  Run 'fsck -f' and then mount all
51   local partitions read/write.  Usually 'mount -a -t nonfs' should do the
52   trick, but if you have several partitions on the same disk, take note of
53   the fact that a change in partition numbering may have moved a few of
54   your partitions around.  You can do a 'disklabel sdX' (where X is a
55   drive on which you have NetBSD partitions) to see how the partitions are
56   currently layed out.  It is likely that a partition has shifted into the
57   'sdXd' or 'sdXe' slots, slots that often were not available under
58   previous releases of NetBSD.  If this is the case, you will need to
59   manually mount your root partition  (via 'mount -w /') and edit your
60   /etc/fstab file to reflect the new partition layout.  Unless you are
61   familiar with 'ex' or 'ed', the easiest way to fix your /etc/fstab file
62   is probably to simply do a 'cat > /etc/fstab' and type in the corrected
63   file in its entirety.
64
655) Install the distribution sets.  Keep in mind that the NetBSD _VER
66   distribution takes up a considerably larger amount of disk space than
67   did the 1.2 or 1.2.1 distributions.  If you are using the Installer,
68   proceed normally (remember that you will need to mount non-root
69   partitions by hand using the MiniShell before installing).  If you are
70   installing from within NetBSD, do the following:
71
72     cd /
73     tar --unlink -zxvpf /path/to/base.tgz
74
75   It is crucial that you use the '--unlink' flag when invoking tar or you
76   will fail to correctly overwrite some files.  Keep in mind that there is
77   no going back once you have installed the base set short of a complete
78   re-install of an earlier distribution.  Continue with the appropriate
79   command line for each of the other sets you wish to install except for
80   the etc set.  If you are in the Installer, open up the Minishell and do
81   the following:
82
83     cd /tmp
84     exit
85
86   Ignore the warning message this will cause.  Now, use the Installer to
87   install the etc set (it will install into /tmp instead of the /etc
88   directory). 
89
90   If you are in NetBSD, do the following instead:
91
92     cd /tmp
93     tar --unlink -zxvpf /path/to/etc.tgz
94
956) If you are in the Installer, quit it and boot into NetBSD in single-user
96   mode.  From there, 'cd' to the /tmp/etc directory and compare each file
97   there with your old files in /etc.  You will probably want to replace
98   some of your system configuration files, or incorporate some of the
99   changes in the new versions into yours.  You should take note of the
100   following when upgrading to the NetBSD _VER etc.tgz set:
101
102   * The first file to pay attention to is /etc/rc.conf.  This file did not
103   exist under NetBSD 1.2, but it is used to configure the rc scripts
104   under NetBSD _VER.  Edit the file to your preferences, making sure
105   that you change the line that says:
106
107     rc_configured=NO
108
109   to read:
110
111     rc_configured=YES
112
113   This will enable all of the options you have configured in /etc/rc.conf.
114
115   * The next important item to take note of is the new networking
116   configuration files.  If you currently have an /etc/hostname.xxN file
117   (fill in the xx with either ae or sn and the X with a number), you will
118   need to convert it into an ifconfig.xxN file before networking
119   automatically works.  The format for the new file is simply the
120   arguments which you would give to ifconfig on the command line.  The
121   following is an example of the minimal ifconfig.xxN file:
122
123     inet hostname.domain.dom netmask 0xffffff00
124
125   Read the ifconfig(8) man page for more details on arguments to ifconfig.
126   Be sure to set
127
128     auto_ifconfig=YES
129
130   in /etc/rc.conf to ensure that your network interfaces will be brought
131   up automatically on boot.
132
133   * Several of the options given to many of the file systems have changed,
134   and some of the file systems have changed names.  IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT
135   YOU CHANGE ANY INSTANCES OF "ufs" IN /etc/fstab TO "ffs".  To find out
136   more about different filesystem options, read the man page for the
137   associated mount command (e.g. mount_mfs(8) for MFS filesystems; note:
138   FFS type filesystems are documented in the mount(8) man page).  If you
139   have not already done so, you may also need to correct /etc/fstab for
140   a shift in the partition numbering scheme.  See step (4) above for more
141   details.
142
143   * You will also probably want to upgrade your device nodes at this time
144   as well.  Make sure you have installed the latest MAKEDEV script (it
145   should be included in the etc set) and perform the following commands:
146
147     cd /dev
148     sh MAKEDEV all
149
150
1517) A number of binaries have changed their locations from NetBSD 1.2.1 to
152   NetBSD _VER (most of these have moved from /sbin to /usr/sbin).  A few
153   binaries have been removed.  It is probably best if you scan the
154   modification dates of the files in the /sbin directory.  If there are
155   files in the directory which have newer counterparts in the /usr/sbin
156   directory, it is a very good idea to remove the older files (you will
157   probably run into difficulties later if you choose not to do this). 
158   You should also check the /sbin, /bin, /usr/bin/, and /usr/sbin
159   directories for old binaries that are no longer part of the NetBSD
160   distribution and delete them as well.  In general, all the files in a
161   particular distribution should have similar modification dates, so
162   looking at these is a good way of determining a file's age.
163
1648) Run 'fsck -f' to make sure that your filesystem is still consistent.  If
165   fsck reports any errors, fix them by answering 'y' to its suggested
166   solutions (note: if there are a large number of errors, you may wish
167   to stop and run 'fsck -fy' to automatically answer "yes" instead).
168
1699) Exit from single-user mode and it should continue to boot into
170   multi-user mode.
171
172At this point you have successfully upgraded to NetBSD _VER.
173