tar.c revision 1.74
1/* $NetBSD: tar.c,v 1.74 2018/11/30 00:53:11 christos Exp $ */ 2 3/*- 4 * Copyright (c) 1992 Keith Muller. 5 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993 6 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 7 * 8 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 9 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego. 10 * 11 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 12 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 13 * are met: 14 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 16 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 17 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 18 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 19 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21 * without specific prior written permission. 22 * 23 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33 * SUCH DAMAGE. 34 */ 35 36#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H 37#include "nbtool_config.h" 38#endif 39 40#include <sys/cdefs.h> 41#if !defined(lint) 42#if 0 43static char sccsid[] = "@(#)tar.c 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/18/94"; 44#else 45__RCSID("$NetBSD: tar.c,v 1.74 2018/11/30 00:53:11 christos Exp $"); 46#endif 47#endif /* not lint */ 48 49#include <sys/types.h> 50#include <sys/time.h> 51#include <sys/stat.h> 52#include <sys/param.h> 53 54#include <ctype.h> 55#include <errno.h> 56#include <grp.h> 57#include <pwd.h> 58#include <stdio.h> 59#include <stdlib.h> 60#include <string.h> 61#include <unistd.h> 62 63#include "pax.h" 64#include "extern.h" 65#include "tar.h" 66 67extern struct stat tst; 68 69/* 70 * Routines for reading, writing and header identify of various versions of tar 71 */ 72 73static int expandname(char *, size_t, char **, size_t *, const char *, size_t); 74static void longlink(ARCHD *, int); 75static uint32_t tar_chksm(char *, int); 76static char *name_split(char *, int); 77static int u32_oct(uintmax_t, char *, int, int); 78static int umax_oct(uintmax_t, char *, int, int); 79static int tar_gnutar_exclude_one(const char *, size_t); 80static int check_sum(char *, size_t, char *, size_t, int); 81 82/* 83 * Routines common to all versions of tar 84 */ 85 86static int tar_nodir; /* do not write dirs under old tar */ 87int is_gnutar; /* behave like gnu tar; enable gnu 88 * extensions and skip end-of-volume 89 * checks 90 */ 91static int seen_gnu_warning; /* Have we warned yet? */ 92static char *gnu_hack_string; /* ././@LongLink hackery */ 93static int gnu_hack_len; /* len of gnu_hack_string */ 94char *gnu_name_string; /* ././@LongLink hackery name */ 95char *gnu_link_string; /* ././@LongLink hackery link */ 96size_t gnu_name_length; /* ././@LongLink hackery name */ 97size_t gnu_link_length; /* ././@LongLink hackery link */ 98static int gnu_short_trailer; /* gnu short trailer */ 99 100static const char LONG_LINK[] = "././@LongLink"; 101 102#ifdef _PAX_ 103char DEV_0[] = "/dev/rst0"; 104char DEV_1[] = "/dev/rst1"; 105char DEV_4[] = "/dev/rst4"; 106char DEV_5[] = "/dev/rst5"; 107char DEV_7[] = "/dev/rst7"; 108char DEV_8[] = "/dev/rst8"; 109#endif 110 111static int 112check_sum(char *hd, size_t hdlen, char *bl, size_t bllen, int quiet) 113{ 114 uint32_t hdck, blck; 115 116 hdck = asc_u32(hd, hdlen, OCT); 117 blck = tar_chksm(bl, bllen); 118 119 if (hdck != blck) { 120 if (!quiet) 121 tty_warn(0, "Header checksum %o does not match %o", 122 hdck, blck); 123 return -1; 124 } 125 return 0; 126} 127 128 129/* 130 * tar_endwr() 131 * add the tar trailer of two null blocks 132 * Return: 133 * 0 if ok, -1 otherwise (what wr_skip returns) 134 */ 135 136int 137tar_endwr(void) 138{ 139 return wr_skip((off_t)(NULLCNT * BLKMULT)); 140} 141 142/* 143 * tar_endrd() 144 * no cleanup needed here, just return size of trailer (for append) 145 * Return: 146 * size of trailer BLKMULT 147 */ 148 149off_t 150tar_endrd(void) 151{ 152 return (off_t)((gnu_short_trailer ? 1 : NULLCNT) * BLKMULT); 153} 154 155/* 156 * tar_trail() 157 * Called to determine if a header block is a valid trailer. We are passed 158 * the block, the in_sync flag (which tells us we are in resync mode; 159 * looking for a valid header), and cnt (which starts at zero) which is 160 * used to count the number of empty blocks we have seen so far. 161 * Return: 162 * 0 if a valid trailer, -1 if not a valid trailer, or 1 if the block 163 * could never contain a header. 164 */ 165 166int 167tar_trail(char *buf, int in_resync, int *cnt) 168{ 169 int i; 170 171 gnu_short_trailer = 0; 172 /* 173 * look for all zero, trailer is two consecutive blocks of zero 174 */ 175 for (i = 0; i < BLKMULT; ++i) { 176 if (buf[i] != '\0') 177 break; 178 } 179 180 /* 181 * if not all zero it is not a trailer, but MIGHT be a header. 182 */ 183 if (i != BLKMULT) 184 return -1; 185 186 /* 187 * When given a zero block, we must be careful! 188 * If we are not in resync mode, check for the trailer. Have to watch 189 * out that we do not mis-identify file data as the trailer, so we do 190 * NOT try to id a trailer during resync mode. During resync mode we 191 * might as well throw this block out since a valid header can NEVER be 192 * a block of all 0 (we must have a valid file name). 193 */ 194 if (!in_resync) { 195 ++*cnt; 196 /* 197 * old GNU tar (up through 1.13) only writes one block of 198 * trailers, so we pretend we got another 199 */ 200 if (is_gnutar) { 201 gnu_short_trailer = 1; 202 ++*cnt; 203 } 204 if (*cnt >= NULLCNT) 205 return 0; 206 } 207 return 1; 208} 209 210/* 211 * u32_oct() 212 * convert an uintmax_t to an octal string. many oddball field 213 * termination characters are used by the various versions of tar in the 214 * different fields. term selects which kind to use. str is '0' padded 215 * at the front to len. we are unable to use only one format as many old 216 * tar readers are very cranky about this. 217 * Return: 218 * 0 if the number fit into the string, -1 otherwise 219 */ 220 221static int 222u32_oct(uintmax_t val, char *str, int len, int term) 223{ 224 char *pt; 225 uint64_t p; 226 227 p = val & TOP_HALF; 228 if (p && p != TOP_HALF) 229 return -1; 230 231 val &= BOTTOM_HALF; 232 233 /* 234 * term selects the appropriate character(s) for the end of the string 235 */ 236 pt = str + len - 1; 237 switch(term) { 238 case 3: 239 *pt-- = '\0'; 240 break; 241 case 2: 242 *pt-- = ' '; 243 *pt-- = '\0'; 244 break; 245 case 1: 246 *pt-- = ' '; 247 break; 248 case 0: 249 default: 250 *pt-- = '\0'; 251 *pt-- = ' '; 252 break; 253 } 254 255 /* 256 * convert and blank pad if there is space 257 */ 258 while (pt >= str) { 259 *pt-- = '0' + (char)(val & 0x7); 260 if ((val = val >> 3) == 0) 261 break; 262 } 263 264 while (pt >= str) 265 *pt-- = '0'; 266 if (val != 0) 267 return -1; 268 return 0; 269} 270 271/* 272 * umax_oct() 273 * convert an unsigned long long to an octal string. one of many oddball 274 * field termination characters are used by the various versions of tar 275 * in the different fields. term selects which kind to use. str is '0' 276 * padded at the front to len. we are unable to use only one format as 277 * many old tar readers are very cranky about this. 278 * Return: 279 * 0 if the number fit into the string, -1 otherwise 280 */ 281 282static int 283umax_oct(uintmax_t val, char *str, int len, int term) 284{ 285 char *pt; 286 287 /* 288 * term selects the appropriate character(s) for the end of the string 289 */ 290 pt = str + len - 1; 291 switch(term) { 292 case 3: 293 *pt-- = '\0'; 294 break; 295 case 2: 296 *pt-- = ' '; 297 *pt-- = '\0'; 298 break; 299 case 1: 300 *pt-- = ' '; 301 break; 302 case 0: 303 default: 304 *pt-- = '\0'; 305 *pt-- = ' '; 306 break; 307 } 308 309 /* 310 * convert and blank pad if there is space 311 */ 312 while (pt >= str) { 313 *pt-- = '0' + (char)(val & 0x7); 314 if ((val = val >> 3) == 0) 315 break; 316 } 317 318 while (pt >= str) 319 *pt-- = '0'; 320 if (val != 0) 321 return -1; 322 return 0; 323} 324 325/* 326 * tar_chksm() 327 * calculate the checksum for a tar block counting the checksum field as 328 * all blanks (BLNKSUM is that value pre-calculated, the sum of 8 blanks). 329 * NOTE: we use len to short circuit summing 0's on write since we ALWAYS 330 * pad headers with 0. 331 * Return: 332 * unsigned long checksum 333 */ 334 335static uint32_t 336tar_chksm(char *blk, int len) 337{ 338 char *stop; 339 char *pt; 340 uint32_t chksm = BLNKSUM; /* initial value is checksum field sum */ 341 342 /* 343 * add the part of the block before the checksum field 344 */ 345 pt = blk; 346 stop = blk + CHK_OFFSET; 347 while (pt < stop) 348 chksm += (uint32_t)(*pt++ & 0xff); 349 /* 350 * move past the checksum field and keep going, spec counts the 351 * checksum field as the sum of 8 blanks (which is pre-computed as 352 * BLNKSUM). 353 * ASSUMED: len is greater than CHK_OFFSET. (len is where our 0 padding 354 * starts, no point in summing zero's) 355 */ 356 pt += CHK_LEN; 357 stop = blk + len; 358 while (pt < stop) 359 chksm += (uint32_t)(*pt++ & 0xff); 360 return chksm; 361} 362 363/* 364 * Routines for old BSD style tar (also made portable to sysV tar) 365 */ 366 367/* 368 * tar_id() 369 * determine if a block given to us is a valid tar header (and not a USTAR 370 * header). We have to be on the lookout for those pesky blocks of all 371 * zero's. 372 * Return: 373 * 0 if a tar header, -1 otherwise 374 */ 375 376int 377tar_id(char *blk, int size) 378{ 379 HD_TAR *hd; 380 HD_USTAR *uhd; 381 static int is_ustar = -1; 382 383 if (size < BLKMULT) 384 return -1; 385 hd = (HD_TAR *)blk; 386 uhd = (HD_USTAR *)blk; 387 388 /* 389 * check for block of zero's first, a simple and fast test, then make 390 * sure this is not a ustar header by looking for the ustar magic 391 * cookie. We should use TMAGLEN, but some USTAR archive programs are 392 * wrong and create archives missing the \0. Last we check the 393 * checksum. If this is ok we have to assume it is a valid header. 394 */ 395 if (hd->name[0] == '\0') 396 return -1; 397 if (strncmp(uhd->magic, TMAGIC, TMAGLEN - 1) == 0) { 398 if (is_ustar == -1) { 399 is_ustar = 1; 400 return -1; 401 } else 402 tty_warn(0, 403 "Busted tar archive: has both ustar and old tar " 404 "records"); 405 } else 406 is_ustar = 0; 407 return check_sum(hd->chksum, sizeof(hd->chksum), blk, BLKMULT, 1); 408} 409 410/* 411 * tar_opt() 412 * handle tar format specific -o options 413 * Return: 414 * 0 if ok -1 otherwise 415 */ 416 417int 418tar_opt(void) 419{ 420 OPLIST *opt; 421 422 while ((opt = opt_next()) != NULL) { 423 if (strcmp(opt->name, TAR_OPTION) || 424 strcmp(opt->value, TAR_NODIR)) { 425 tty_warn(1, 426 "Unknown tar format -o option/value pair %s=%s", 427 opt->name, opt->value); 428 tty_warn(1, 429 "%s=%s is the only supported tar format option", 430 TAR_OPTION, TAR_NODIR); 431 return -1; 432 } 433 434 /* 435 * we only support one option, and only when writing 436 */ 437 if ((act != APPND) && (act != ARCHIVE)) { 438 tty_warn(1, "%s=%s is only supported when writing.", 439 opt->name, opt->value); 440 return -1; 441 } 442 tar_nodir = 1; 443 } 444 return 0; 445} 446 447 448/* 449 * tar_rd() 450 * extract the values out of block already determined to be a tar header. 451 * store the values in the ARCHD parameter. 452 * Return: 453 * 0 454 */ 455 456int 457tar_rd(ARCHD *arcn, char *buf) 458{ 459 HD_TAR *hd; 460 char *pt; 461 462 /* 463 * we only get proper sized buffers passed to us 464 */ 465 if (tar_id(buf, BLKMULT) < 0) 466 return -1; 467 memset(arcn, 0, sizeof(*arcn)); 468 arcn->org_name = arcn->name; 469 arcn->pat = NULL; 470 arcn->sb.st_nlink = 1; 471 472 /* 473 * copy out the name and values in the stat buffer 474 */ 475 hd = (HD_TAR *)buf; 476 if (hd->linkflag != LONGLINKTYPE && hd->linkflag != LONGNAMETYPE) { 477 arcn->nlen = expandname(arcn->name, sizeof(arcn->name), 478 &gnu_name_string, &gnu_name_length, hd->name, 479 sizeof(hd->name)); 480 arcn->ln_nlen = expandname(arcn->ln_name, sizeof(arcn->ln_name), 481 &gnu_link_string, &gnu_link_length, hd->linkname, 482 sizeof(hd->linkname)); 483 } 484 arcn->sb.st_mode = (mode_t)(asc_u32(hd->mode,sizeof(hd->mode),OCT) & 485 0xfff); 486 arcn->sb.st_uid = (uid_t)asc_u32(hd->uid, sizeof(hd->uid), OCT); 487 arcn->sb.st_gid = (gid_t)asc_u32(hd->gid, sizeof(hd->gid), OCT); 488 arcn->sb.st_size = (off_t)ASC_OFFT(hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), OCT); 489 if (arcn->sb.st_size == -1) 490 return -1; 491 arcn->sb.st_mtime = (time_t)(int32_t)asc_u32(hd->mtime, sizeof(hd->mtime), OCT); 492 arcn->sb.st_ctime = arcn->sb.st_atime = arcn->sb.st_mtime; 493 494 /* 495 * have to look at the last character, it may be a '/' and that is used 496 * to encode this as a directory 497 */ 498 pt = &(arcn->name[arcn->nlen - 1]); 499 arcn->pad = 0; 500 arcn->skip = 0; 501 switch(hd->linkflag) { 502 case SYMTYPE: 503 /* 504 * symbolic link, need to get the link name and set the type in 505 * the st_mode so -v printing will look correct. 506 */ 507 arcn->type = PAX_SLK; 508 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFLNK; 509 break; 510 case LNKTYPE: 511 /* 512 * hard link, need to get the link name, set the type in the 513 * st_mode and st_nlink so -v printing will look better. 514 */ 515 arcn->type = PAX_HLK; 516 arcn->sb.st_nlink = 2; 517 518 /* 519 * no idea of what type this thing really points at, but 520 * we set something for printing only. 521 */ 522 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFREG; 523 break; 524 case LONGLINKTYPE: 525 case LONGNAMETYPE: 526 /* 527 * GNU long link/file; we tag these here and let the 528 * pax internals deal with it -- too ugly otherwise. 529 */ 530 if (hd->linkflag != LONGLINKTYPE) 531 arcn->type = PAX_GLF; 532 else 533 arcn->type = PAX_GLL; 534 arcn->pad = TAR_PAD(arcn->sb.st_size); 535 arcn->skip = arcn->sb.st_size; 536 break; 537 case AREGTYPE: 538 case REGTYPE: 539 case DIRTYPE: /* see below */ 540 default: 541 /* 542 * If we have a trailing / this is a directory and NOT a file. 543 * Note: V7 tar doesn't actually have DIRTYPE, but it was 544 * reported that V7 archives using USTAR directories do exist. 545 */ 546 if (*pt == '/' || hd->linkflag == DIRTYPE) { 547 /* 548 * it is a directory, set the mode for -v printing 549 */ 550 arcn->type = PAX_DIR; 551 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFDIR; 552 arcn->sb.st_nlink = 2; 553 } else { 554 /* 555 * have a file that will be followed by data. Set the 556 * skip value to the size field and calculate the size 557 * of the padding. 558 */ 559 arcn->type = PAX_REG; 560 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFREG; 561 arcn->pad = TAR_PAD(arcn->sb.st_size); 562 arcn->skip = arcn->sb.st_size; 563 } 564 break; 565 } 566 567 /* 568 * strip off any trailing slash. 569 */ 570 if (*pt == '/') { 571 *pt = '\0'; 572 --arcn->nlen; 573 } 574 return 0; 575} 576 577/* 578 * tar_wr() 579 * write a tar header for the file specified in the ARCHD to the archive. 580 * Have to check for file types that cannot be stored and file names that 581 * are too long. Be careful of the term (last arg) to u32_oct, each field 582 * of tar has it own spec for the termination character(s). 583 * ASSUMED: space after header in header block is zero filled 584 * Return: 585 * 0 if file has data to be written after the header, 1 if file has NO 586 * data to write after the header, -1 if archive write failed 587 */ 588 589int 590tar_wr(ARCHD *arcn) 591{ 592 HD_TAR *hd; 593 int len; 594 uintmax_t mtime; 595 char hdblk[sizeof(HD_TAR)]; 596 597 /* 598 * check for those file system types which tar cannot store 599 */ 600 switch(arcn->type) { 601 case PAX_DIR: 602 /* 603 * user asked that dirs not be written to the archive 604 */ 605 if (tar_nodir) 606 return 1; 607 break; 608 case PAX_CHR: 609 tty_warn(1, "Tar cannot archive a character device %s", 610 arcn->org_name); 611 return 1; 612 case PAX_BLK: 613 tty_warn(1, 614 "Tar cannot archive a block device %s", arcn->org_name); 615 return 1; 616 case PAX_SCK: 617 tty_warn(1, "Tar cannot archive a socket %s", arcn->org_name); 618 return 1; 619 case PAX_FIF: 620 tty_warn(1, "Tar cannot archive a fifo %s", arcn->org_name); 621 return 1; 622 case PAX_SLK: 623 case PAX_HLK: 624 case PAX_HRG: 625 if (arcn->ln_nlen > (int)sizeof(hd->linkname)) { 626 tty_warn(1,"Link name too long for tar %s", 627 arcn->ln_name); 628 return 1; 629 } 630 break; 631 case PAX_REG: 632 case PAX_CTG: 633 default: 634 break; 635 } 636 637 /* 638 * check file name len, remember extra char for dirs (the / at the end) 639 */ 640 len = arcn->nlen; 641 if (arcn->type == PAX_DIR) 642 ++len; 643 if (len >= (int)sizeof(hd->name)) { 644 tty_warn(1, "File name too long for tar %s", arcn->name); 645 return 1; 646 } 647 648 /* 649 * copy the data out of the ARCHD into the tar header based on the type 650 * of the file. Remember many tar readers want the unused fields to be 651 * padded with zero. We set the linkflag field (type), the linkname 652 * (or zero if not used),the size, and set the padding (if any) to be 653 * added after the file data (0 for all other types, as they only have 654 * a header) 655 */ 656 memset(hdblk, 0, sizeof(hdblk)); 657 hd = (HD_TAR *)hdblk; 658 strlcpy(hd->name, arcn->name, sizeof(hd->name)); 659 arcn->pad = 0; 660 661 if (arcn->type == PAX_DIR) { 662 /* 663 * directories are the same as files, except have a filename 664 * that ends with a /, we add the slash here. No data follows, 665 * dirs, so no pad. 666 */ 667 hd->linkflag = AREGTYPE; 668 hd->name[len-1] = '/'; 669 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)0L, hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), 1)) 670 goto out; 671 } else if (arcn->type == PAX_SLK) { 672 /* 673 * no data follows this file, so no pad 674 */ 675 hd->linkflag = SYMTYPE; 676 strlcpy(hd->linkname, arcn->ln_name, sizeof(hd->linkname)); 677 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)0L, hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), 1)) 678 goto out; 679 } else if ((arcn->type == PAX_HLK) || (arcn->type == PAX_HRG)) { 680 /* 681 * no data follows this file, so no pad 682 */ 683 hd->linkflag = LNKTYPE; 684 strlcpy(hd->linkname, arcn->ln_name, sizeof(hd->linkname)); 685 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)0L, hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), 1)) 686 goto out; 687 } else { 688 /* 689 * data follows this file, so set the pad 690 */ 691 hd->linkflag = AREGTYPE; 692 if (OFFT_OCT(arcn->sb.st_size, hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), 1)) { 693 tty_warn(1,"File is too large for tar %s", 694 arcn->org_name); 695 return 1; 696 } 697 arcn->pad = TAR_PAD(arcn->sb.st_size); 698 } 699 700 /* 701 * copy those fields that are independent of the type 702 */ 703 mtime = tst.st_ino ? tst.st_mtime : arcn->sb.st_mtime; 704 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)arcn->sb.st_mode, hd->mode, sizeof(hd->mode), 0) || 705 u32_oct((uintmax_t)arcn->sb.st_uid, hd->uid, sizeof(hd->uid), 0) || 706 u32_oct((uintmax_t)arcn->sb.st_gid, hd->gid, sizeof(hd->gid), 0) || 707 u32_oct(mtime, hd->mtime, sizeof(hd->mtime), 1)) 708 goto out; 709 710 /* 711 * calculate and add the checksum, then write the header. A return of 712 * 0 tells the caller to now write the file data, 1 says no data needs 713 * to be written 714 */ 715 if (u32_oct(tar_chksm(hdblk, sizeof(HD_TAR)), hd->chksum, 716 sizeof(hd->chksum), 3)) 717 goto out; /* XXX Something's wrong here 718 * because a zero-byte file can 719 * cause this to be done and 720 * yet the resulting warning 721 * seems incorrect */ 722 723 if (wr_rdbuf(hdblk, sizeof(HD_TAR)) < 0) 724 return -1; 725 if (wr_skip((off_t)(BLKMULT - sizeof(HD_TAR))) < 0) 726 return -1; 727 if ((arcn->type == PAX_CTG) || (arcn->type == PAX_REG)) 728 return 0; 729 return 1; 730 731 out: 732 /* 733 * header field is out of range 734 */ 735 tty_warn(1, "Tar header field is too small for %s", arcn->org_name); 736 return 1; 737} 738 739/* 740 * Routines for POSIX ustar 741 */ 742 743/* 744 * ustar_strd() 745 * initialization for ustar read 746 * Return: 747 * 0 if ok, -1 otherwise 748 */ 749 750int 751ustar_strd(void) 752{ 753 return 0; 754} 755 756/* 757 * ustar_stwr() 758 * initialization for ustar write 759 * Return: 760 * 0 if ok, -1 otherwise 761 */ 762 763int 764ustar_stwr(void) 765{ 766 return 0; 767} 768 769/* 770 * ustar_id() 771 * determine if a block given to us is a valid ustar header. We have to 772 * be on the lookout for those pesky blocks of all zero's 773 * Return: 774 * 0 if a ustar header, -1 otherwise 775 */ 776 777int 778ustar_id(char *blk, int size) 779{ 780 HD_USTAR *hd; 781 782 if (size < BLKMULT) 783 return -1; 784 hd = (HD_USTAR *)blk; 785 786 /* 787 * check for block of zero's first, a simple and fast test then check 788 * ustar magic cookie. We should use TMAGLEN, but some USTAR archive 789 * programs are fouled up and create archives missing the \0. Last we 790 * check the checksum. If ok we have to assume it is a valid header. 791 */ 792 if (hd->name[0] == '\0') 793 return -1; 794 if (strncmp(hd->magic, TMAGIC, TMAGLEN - 1) != 0) 795 return -1; 796 /* This is GNU tar */ 797 if (strncmp(hd->magic, "ustar ", 8) == 0 && !is_gnutar && 798 !seen_gnu_warning) { 799 seen_gnu_warning = 1; 800 tty_warn(0, 801 "Trying to read GNU tar archive with GNU extensions and end-of-volume checks off"); 802 } 803 return check_sum(hd->chksum, sizeof(hd->chksum), blk, BLKMULT, 0); 804} 805 806/* 807 * ustar_rd() 808 * extract the values out of block already determined to be a ustar header. 809 * store the values in the ARCHD parameter. 810 * Return: 811 * 0 812 */ 813 814int 815ustar_rd(ARCHD *arcn, char *buf) 816{ 817 HD_USTAR *hd; 818 char *dest; 819 int cnt; 820 dev_t devmajor; 821 dev_t devminor; 822 823 /* 824 * we only get proper sized buffers 825 */ 826 if (ustar_id(buf, BLKMULT) < 0) 827 return -1; 828 829 memset(arcn, 0, sizeof(*arcn)); 830 arcn->org_name = arcn->name; 831 arcn->pat = NULL; 832 arcn->sb.st_nlink = 1; 833 hd = (HD_USTAR *)buf; 834 835 /* 836 * see if the filename is split into two parts. if, so joint the parts. 837 * we copy the prefix first and add a / between the prefix and name. 838 */ 839 dest = arcn->name; 840 if (*(hd->prefix) != '\0') { 841 cnt = strlcpy(arcn->name, hd->prefix, sizeof(arcn->name)); 842 dest += cnt; 843 *dest++ = '/'; 844 cnt++; 845 } else { 846 cnt = 0; 847 } 848 849 if (hd->typeflag != LONGLINKTYPE && hd->typeflag != LONGNAMETYPE) { 850 arcn->nlen = expandname(dest, sizeof(arcn->name) - cnt, 851 &gnu_name_string, &gnu_name_length, hd->name, 852 sizeof(hd->name)) + cnt; 853 arcn->ln_nlen = expandname(arcn->ln_name, 854 sizeof(arcn->ln_name), &gnu_link_string, &gnu_link_length, 855 hd->linkname, sizeof(hd->linkname)); 856 } 857 858 /* 859 * follow the spec to the letter. we should only have mode bits, strip 860 * off all other crud we may be passed. 861 */ 862 arcn->sb.st_mode = (mode_t)(asc_u32(hd->mode, sizeof(hd->mode), OCT) & 863 0xfff); 864 arcn->sb.st_size = (off_t)ASC_OFFT(hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), OCT); 865 if (arcn->sb.st_size == -1) 866 return -1; 867 arcn->sb.st_mtime = (time_t)(int32_t)asc_u32(hd->mtime, sizeof(hd->mtime), OCT); 868 arcn->sb.st_ctime = arcn->sb.st_atime = arcn->sb.st_mtime; 869 870 /* 871 * If we can find the ascii names for gname and uname in the password 872 * and group files we will use the uid's and gid they bind. Otherwise 873 * we use the uid and gid values stored in the header. (This is what 874 * the posix spec wants). 875 */ 876 hd->gname[sizeof(hd->gname) - 1] = '\0'; 877 if (gid_from_group(hd->gname, &(arcn->sb.st_gid)) < 0) 878 arcn->sb.st_gid = (gid_t)asc_u32(hd->gid, sizeof(hd->gid), OCT); 879 hd->uname[sizeof(hd->uname) - 1] = '\0'; 880 if (uid_from_user(hd->uname, &(arcn->sb.st_uid)) < 0) 881 arcn->sb.st_uid = (uid_t)asc_u32(hd->uid, sizeof(hd->uid), OCT); 882 883 /* 884 * set the defaults, these may be changed depending on the file type 885 */ 886 arcn->pad = 0; 887 arcn->skip = 0; 888 arcn->sb.st_rdev = (dev_t)0; 889 890 /* 891 * set the mode and PAX type according to the typeflag in the header 892 */ 893 switch(hd->typeflag) { 894 case FIFOTYPE: 895 arcn->type = PAX_FIF; 896 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFIFO; 897 break; 898 case DIRTYPE: 899 arcn->type = PAX_DIR; 900 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFDIR; 901 arcn->sb.st_nlink = 2; 902 903 /* 904 * Some programs that create ustar archives append a '/' 905 * to the pathname for directories. This clearly violates 906 * ustar specs, but we will silently strip it off anyway. 907 */ 908 if (arcn->name[arcn->nlen - 1] == '/') 909 arcn->name[--arcn->nlen] = '\0'; 910 break; 911 case BLKTYPE: 912 case CHRTYPE: 913 /* 914 * this type requires the rdev field to be set. 915 */ 916 if (hd->typeflag == BLKTYPE) { 917 arcn->type = PAX_BLK; 918 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFBLK; 919 } else { 920 arcn->type = PAX_CHR; 921 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFCHR; 922 } 923 devmajor = (dev_t)asc_u32(hd->devmajor,sizeof(hd->devmajor),OCT); 924 devminor = (dev_t)asc_u32(hd->devminor,sizeof(hd->devminor),OCT); 925 arcn->sb.st_rdev = TODEV(devmajor, devminor); 926 break; 927 case SYMTYPE: 928 case LNKTYPE: 929 if (hd->typeflag == SYMTYPE) { 930 arcn->type = PAX_SLK; 931 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFLNK; 932 } else { 933 arcn->type = PAX_HLK; 934 /* 935 * so printing looks better 936 */ 937 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFREG; 938 arcn->sb.st_nlink = 2; 939 } 940 break; 941 case LONGLINKTYPE: 942 case LONGNAMETYPE: 943 if (is_gnutar) { 944 /* 945 * GNU long link/file; we tag these here and let the 946 * pax internals deal with it -- too ugly otherwise. 947 */ 948 if (hd->typeflag != LONGLINKTYPE) 949 arcn->type = PAX_GLF; 950 else 951 arcn->type = PAX_GLL; 952 arcn->pad = TAR_PAD(arcn->sb.st_size); 953 arcn->skip = arcn->sb.st_size; 954 } else { 955 tty_warn(1, "GNU Long %s found in posix ustar archive.", 956 hd->typeflag == LONGLINKTYPE ? "Link" : "File"); 957 } 958 break; 959 case FILEXTYPE: 960 case GLOBXTYPE: 961 tty_warn(0, "%s extended headers posix ustar archive." 962 " Extracting as plain files. Following files might be" 963 " in the wrong directory or have wrong attributes.", 964 hd->typeflag == FILEXTYPE ? "File" : "Global"); 965 /*FALLTHROUGH*/ 966 case CONTTYPE: 967 case AREGTYPE: 968 case REGTYPE: 969 default: 970 /* 971 * these types have file data that follows. Set the skip and 972 * pad fields. 973 */ 974 arcn->type = PAX_REG; 975 arcn->pad = TAR_PAD(arcn->sb.st_size); 976 arcn->skip = arcn->sb.st_size; 977 arcn->sb.st_mode |= S_IFREG; 978 break; 979 } 980 return 0; 981} 982 983static int 984expandname(char *buf, size_t len, char **gnu_name, size_t *gnu_length, 985 const char *name, size_t nlen) 986{ 987 if (*gnu_name) { 988 len = strlcpy(buf, *gnu_name, len); 989 free(*gnu_name); 990 *gnu_name = NULL; 991 *gnu_length = 0; 992 } else { 993 if (len > ++nlen) 994 len = nlen; 995 len = strlcpy(buf, name, len); 996 } 997 return len; 998} 999 1000static void 1001longlink(ARCHD *arcn, int type) 1002{ 1003 ARCHD larc; 1004 1005 (void)memset(&larc, 0, sizeof(larc)); 1006 1007 larc.type = type; 1008 larc.nlen = strlcpy(larc.name, LONG_LINK, sizeof(larc.name)); 1009 1010 switch (type) { 1011 case PAX_GLL: 1012 gnu_hack_string = arcn->ln_name; 1013 gnu_hack_len = arcn->ln_nlen + 1; 1014 break; 1015 case PAX_GLF: 1016 gnu_hack_string = arcn->name; 1017 gnu_hack_len = arcn->nlen + 1; 1018 break; 1019 default: 1020 errx(1, "Invalid type in GNU longlink %d", type); 1021 } 1022 1023 /* 1024 * We need a longlink now. 1025 */ 1026 ustar_wr(&larc); 1027} 1028 1029/* 1030 * ustar_wr() 1031 * write a ustar header for the file specified in the ARCHD to the archive 1032 * Have to check for file types that cannot be stored and file names that 1033 * are too long. Be careful of the term (last arg) to u32_oct, we only use 1034 * '\0' for the termination character (this is different than picky tar) 1035 * ASSUMED: space after header in header block is zero filled 1036 * Return: 1037 * 0 if file has data to be written after the header, 1 if file has NO 1038 * data to write after the header, -1 if archive write failed 1039 */ 1040 1041static int 1042size_err(const char *what, ARCHD *arcn) 1043{ 1044 /* 1045 * header field is out of range 1046 */ 1047 tty_warn(1, "Ustar %s header field is too small for %s", 1048 what, arcn->org_name); 1049 return 1; 1050} 1051 1052int 1053ustar_wr(ARCHD *arcn) 1054{ 1055 HD_USTAR *hd; 1056 char *pt; 1057 uintmax_t mtime; 1058 char hdblk[sizeof(HD_USTAR)]; 1059 const char *user, *group; 1060 1061 switch (arcn->type) { 1062 case PAX_SCK: 1063 /* 1064 * check for those file system types ustar cannot store 1065 */ 1066 if (!is_gnutar) 1067 tty_warn(1, "Ustar cannot archive a socket %s", 1068 arcn->org_name); 1069 return 1; 1070 1071 case PAX_SLK: 1072 case PAX_HLK: 1073 case PAX_HRG: 1074 /* 1075 * check the length of the linkname 1076 */ 1077 if (arcn->ln_nlen >= (int)sizeof(hd->linkname)) { 1078 if (is_gnutar) { 1079 longlink(arcn, PAX_GLL); 1080 } else { 1081 tty_warn(1, "Link name too long for ustar %s", 1082 arcn->ln_name); 1083 return 1; 1084 } 1085 } 1086 break; 1087 default: 1088 break; 1089 } 1090 1091 /* 1092 * split the path name into prefix and name fields (if needed). if 1093 * pt != arcn->name, the name has to be split 1094 */ 1095 if ((pt = name_split(arcn->name, arcn->nlen)) == NULL) { 1096 if (is_gnutar) { 1097 longlink(arcn, PAX_GLF); 1098 pt = arcn->name; 1099 } else { 1100 tty_warn(1, "File name too long for ustar %s", 1101 arcn->name); 1102 return 1; 1103 } 1104 } 1105 1106 /* 1107 * zero out the header so we don't have to worry about zero fill below 1108 */ 1109 memset(hdblk, 0, sizeof(hdblk)); 1110 hd = (HD_USTAR *)hdblk; 1111 arcn->pad = 0L; 1112 1113 /* 1114 * split the name, or zero out the prefix 1115 */ 1116 if (pt != arcn->name) { 1117 /* 1118 * name was split, pt points at the / where the split is to 1119 * occur, we remove the / and copy the first part to the prefix 1120 */ 1121 *pt = '\0'; 1122 strlcpy(hd->prefix, arcn->name, sizeof(hd->prefix)); 1123 *pt++ = '/'; 1124 } 1125 1126 /* 1127 * copy the name part. this may be the whole path or the part after 1128 * the prefix 1129 */ 1130 strlcpy(hd->name, pt, sizeof(hd->name)); 1131 1132 /* 1133 * set the fields in the header that are type dependent 1134 */ 1135 switch(arcn->type) { 1136 case PAX_DIR: 1137 hd->typeflag = DIRTYPE; 1138 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)0L, hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), 3)) 1139 return size_err("DIRTYPE", arcn); 1140 break; 1141 case PAX_CHR: 1142 case PAX_BLK: 1143 if (arcn->type == PAX_CHR) 1144 hd->typeflag = CHRTYPE; 1145 else 1146 hd->typeflag = BLKTYPE; 1147 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)MAJOR(arcn->sb.st_rdev), hd->devmajor, 1148 sizeof(hd->devmajor), 3) || 1149 u32_oct((uintmax_t)MINOR(arcn->sb.st_rdev), hd->devminor, 1150 sizeof(hd->devminor), 3) || 1151 u32_oct((uintmax_t)0L, hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), 3)) 1152 return size_err("DEVTYPE", arcn); 1153 break; 1154 case PAX_FIF: 1155 hd->typeflag = FIFOTYPE; 1156 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)0L, hd->size, sizeof(hd->size), 3)) 1157 return size_err("FIFOTYPE", arcn); 1158 break; 1159 case PAX_GLL: 1160 case PAX_SLK: 1161 case PAX_HLK: 1162 case PAX_HRG: 1163 if (arcn->type == PAX_SLK) 1164 hd->typeflag = SYMTYPE; 1165 else if (arcn->type == PAX_GLL) 1166 hd->typeflag = LONGLINKTYPE; 1167 else 1168 hd->typeflag = LNKTYPE; 1169 strlcpy(hd->linkname, arcn->ln_name, sizeof(hd->linkname)); 1170 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)gnu_hack_len, hd->size, 1171 sizeof(hd->size), 3)) 1172 return size_err("LINKTYPE", arcn); 1173 break; 1174 case PAX_GLF: 1175 case PAX_REG: 1176 case PAX_CTG: 1177 default: 1178 /* 1179 * file data with this type, set the padding 1180 */ 1181 if (arcn->type == PAX_GLF) { 1182 hd->typeflag = LONGNAMETYPE; 1183 arcn->pad = TAR_PAD(gnu_hack_len); 1184 if (OFFT_OCT((uint32_t)gnu_hack_len, hd->size, 1185 sizeof(hd->size), 3)) { 1186 tty_warn(1,"File is too long for ustar %s", 1187 arcn->org_name); 1188 return 1; 1189 } 1190 } else { 1191 if (arcn->type == PAX_CTG) 1192 hd->typeflag = CONTTYPE; 1193 else 1194 hd->typeflag = REGTYPE; 1195 arcn->pad = TAR_PAD(arcn->sb.st_size); 1196 if (OFFT_OCT(arcn->sb.st_size, hd->size, 1197 sizeof(hd->size), 3)) { 1198 tty_warn(1,"File is too long for ustar %s", 1199 arcn->org_name); 1200 return 1; 1201 } 1202 } 1203 break; 1204 } 1205 1206 strncpy(hd->magic, TMAGIC, TMAGLEN); 1207 if (is_gnutar) 1208 hd->magic[TMAGLEN - 1] = hd->version[0] = ' '; 1209 else 1210 strncpy(hd->version, TVERSION, TVERSLEN); 1211 1212 /* 1213 * set the remaining fields. Some versions want all 16 bits of mode 1214 * we better humor them (they really do not meet spec though).... 1215 */ 1216 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)arcn->sb.st_mode, hd->mode, sizeof(hd->mode), 3)) 1217 return size_err("MODE", arcn); 1218 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)arcn->sb.st_uid, hd->uid, sizeof(hd->uid), 3)) 1219 return size_err("UID", arcn); 1220 if (u32_oct((uintmax_t)arcn->sb.st_gid, hd->gid, sizeof(hd->gid), 3)) 1221 return size_err("GID", arcn); 1222 mtime = tst.st_ino ? tst.st_mtime : arcn->sb.st_mtime; 1223 if (u32_oct(mtime, hd->mtime, sizeof(hd->mtime), 3)) 1224 return size_err("MTIME", arcn); 1225 user = user_from_uid(arcn->sb.st_uid, 1); 1226 group = group_from_gid(arcn->sb.st_gid, 1); 1227 strncpy(hd->uname, user ? user : "", sizeof(hd->uname)); 1228 strncpy(hd->gname, group ? group : "", sizeof(hd->gname)); 1229 1230 /* 1231 * calculate and store the checksum write the header to the archive 1232 * return 0 tells the caller to now write the file data, 1 says no data 1233 * needs to be written 1234 */ 1235 if (u32_oct(tar_chksm(hdblk, sizeof(HD_USTAR)), hd->chksum, 1236 sizeof(hd->chksum), 3)) 1237 return size_err("CHKSUM", arcn); 1238 if (wr_rdbuf(hdblk, sizeof(HD_USTAR)) < 0) 1239 return -1; 1240 if (wr_skip((off_t)(BLKMULT - sizeof(HD_USTAR))) < 0) 1241 return -1; 1242 if (gnu_hack_string) { 1243 int res = wr_rdbuf(gnu_hack_string, gnu_hack_len); 1244 int pad = gnu_hack_len; 1245 gnu_hack_string = NULL; 1246 gnu_hack_len = 0; 1247 if (res < 0) 1248 return -1; 1249 if (wr_skip((off_t)(BLKMULT - (pad % BLKMULT))) < 0) 1250 return -1; 1251 } 1252 if ((arcn->type == PAX_CTG) || (arcn->type == PAX_REG)) 1253 return 0; 1254 return 1; 1255} 1256 1257/* 1258 * name_split() 1259 * see if the name has to be split for storage in a ustar header. We try 1260 * to fit the entire name in the name field without splitting if we can. 1261 * The split point is always at a / 1262 * Return 1263 * character pointer to split point (always the / that is to be removed 1264 * if the split is not needed, the points is set to the start of the file 1265 * name (it would violate the spec to split there). A NULL is returned if 1266 * the file name is too long 1267 */ 1268 1269static char * 1270name_split(char *name, int len) 1271{ 1272 char *start; 1273 1274 /* 1275 * check to see if the file name is small enough to fit in the name 1276 * field. if so just return a pointer to the name. 1277 */ 1278 if (len < TNMSZ) 1279 return name; 1280 /* 1281 * GNU tar does not honor the prefix+name mode if the magic 1282 * is not "ustar\0". So in GNU tar compatibility mode, we don't 1283 * split the filename into prefix+name because we are setting 1284 * the magic to "ustar " as GNU tar does. This of course will 1285 * end up creating a LongLink record in cases where it does not 1286 * really need do, but we are behaving like GNU tar after all. 1287 */ 1288 if (is_gnutar || len > (TPFSZ + TNMSZ)) 1289 return NULL; 1290 1291 /* 1292 * we start looking at the biggest sized piece that fits in the name 1293 * field. We walk forward looking for a slash to split at. The idea is 1294 * to find the biggest piece to fit in the name field (or the smallest 1295 * prefix we can find) (the -1 is correct the biggest piece would 1296 * include the slash between the two parts that gets thrown away) 1297 */ 1298 start = name + len - TNMSZ; 1299 while ((*start != '\0') && (*start != '/')) 1300 ++start; 1301 1302 /* 1303 * if we hit the end of the string, this name cannot be split, so we 1304 * cannot store this file. 1305 */ 1306 if (*start == '\0') 1307 return NULL; 1308 len = start - name; 1309 1310 /* 1311 * NOTE: /str where the length of str == TNMSZ cannot be stored under 1312 * the p1003.1-1990 spec for ustar. We could force a prefix of / and 1313 * the file would then expand on extract to //str. The len == 0 below 1314 * makes this special case follow the spec to the letter. 1315 */ 1316 if ((len >= TPFSZ) || (len == 0)) 1317 return NULL; 1318 1319 /* 1320 * ok have a split point, return it to the caller 1321 */ 1322 return start; 1323} 1324 1325/* 1326 * convert a glob into a RE, and add it to the list. we convert to 1327 * four different RE's (because we're using BRE's and can't use | 1328 * alternation :-() with this padding: 1329 * .*\/ and $ 1330 * .*\/ and \/.* 1331 * ^ and $ 1332 * ^ and \/.* 1333 */ 1334static int 1335tar_gnutar_exclude_one(const char *line, size_t len) 1336{ 1337 /* 2 * buffer len + nul */ 1338 char sbuf[MAXPATHLEN * 2 + 1]; 1339 /* + / + // + .*""/\/ + \/.* */ 1340 char rabuf[MAXPATHLEN * 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 4]; 1341 size_t i; 1342 int j = 0; 1343 1344 if (line[len - 1] == '\n') 1345 len--; 1346 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { 1347 /* 1348 * convert glob to regexp, escaping everything 1349 */ 1350 if (line[i] == '*') 1351 sbuf[j++] = '.'; 1352 else if (line[i] == '?') { 1353 sbuf[j++] = '.'; 1354 continue; 1355 } else if (!isalnum((unsigned char)line[i]) && 1356 !isblank((unsigned char)line[i])) 1357 sbuf[j++] = '\\'; 1358 sbuf[j++] = line[i]; 1359 } 1360 sbuf[j] = '\0'; 1361 /* don't need the .*\/ ones if we start with /, i guess */ 1362 if (line[0] != '/') { 1363 (void)snprintf(rabuf, sizeof rabuf, "/.*\\/%s$//", sbuf); 1364 if (rep_add(rabuf) < 0) 1365 return (-1); 1366 (void)snprintf(rabuf, sizeof rabuf, "/.*\\/%s\\/.*//", sbuf); 1367 if (rep_add(rabuf) < 0) 1368 return (-1); 1369 } 1370 1371 (void)snprintf(rabuf, sizeof rabuf, "/^%s$//", sbuf); 1372 if (rep_add(rabuf) < 0) 1373 return (-1); 1374 (void)snprintf(rabuf, sizeof rabuf, "/^%s\\/.*//", sbuf); 1375 if (rep_add(rabuf) < 0) 1376 return (-1); 1377 1378 return (0); 1379} 1380 1381/* 1382 * deal with GNU tar -X/--exclude-from & --exclude switchs. basically, 1383 * we go through each line of the file, building a string from the "glob" 1384 * lines in the file into RE lines, of the form `/^RE$//', which we pass 1385 * to rep_add(), which will add a empty replacement (exclusion), for the 1386 * named files. 1387 */ 1388int 1389tar_gnutar_minus_minus_exclude(const char *path) 1390{ 1391 size_t len = strlen(path); 1392 1393 if (len > MAXPATHLEN) 1394 tty_warn(0, "pathname too long: %s", path); 1395 1396 return (tar_gnutar_exclude_one(path, len)); 1397} 1398 1399int 1400tar_gnutar_X_compat(const char *path) 1401{ 1402 char *line; 1403 FILE *fp; 1404 int lineno = 0; 1405 size_t len; 1406 1407 if (path[0] == '-' && path[1] == '\0') 1408 fp = stdin; 1409 else { 1410 fp = fopen(path, "r"); 1411 if (fp == NULL) { 1412 tty_warn(1, "cannot open %s: %s", path, 1413 strerror(errno)); 1414 return -1; 1415 } 1416 } 1417 1418 while ((line = fgetln(fp, &len))) { 1419 lineno++; 1420 if (len > MAXPATHLEN) { 1421 tty_warn(0, "pathname too long, line %d of %s", 1422 lineno, path); 1423 } 1424 if (tar_gnutar_exclude_one(line, len)) 1425 return -1; 1426 } 1427 if (fp != stdin) 1428 fclose(fp); 1429 return 0; 1430} 1431