BUILDING revision 1.95
1BUILDING(8)             NetBSD System Manager's Manual             BUILDING(8)
2
3NAME
4     BUILDING -- Procedure for building NetBSD from source code.
5
6REQUIREMENTS
7     NetBSD is designed to be buildable on most POSIX-compliant host systems.
8     The basic build procedure is the same whether compiling natively (on the
9     same NetBSD architecture) or cross compiling (on another architecture or
10     OS).
11
12     This source tree contains a special subtree, ``tools'', which uses the
13     host system to create a build toolchain for the target architecture.  The
14     host system must have at least C and C++ compilers in order to create the
15     toolchain (make is not required); all other tools are created as part of
16     the NetBSD build process.  (See the environment variables section below
17     if you need to override or manually select your compilers.)
18
19FILES
20   Source tree layout
21     doc/BUILDING.mdoc
22                    This document (in -mdoc troff format; the original copy).
23
24     BUILDING       This document (in plaintext).
25
26     tools/compat/README
27                    Special notes for cross-hosting a NetBSD build on non-
28                    NetBSD platforms.
29
30     Makefile       The main Makefile for NetBSD; should only be run for
31                    native builds with an appropriately up-to-date version of
32                    NetBSD make(1).  (For building from out-of-date systems or
33                    on a non-native host, see the build.sh shell script.)
34
35     UPDATING       Special notes for updating from an earlier revision of
36                    NetBSD.  It is important to read this file before every
37                    build of an updated source tree.
38
39     build.sh       Bourne-compatible shell script used for building the host
40                    build tools and the NetBSD system from scratch.  Can be
41                    used for both native and cross builds, and should be used
42                    instead of make(1) for any source tree that is updated and
43                    recompiled regularly.
44
45     crypto/dist/, dist/, gnu/dist/
46                    Sources imported verbatim from third parties, without man-
47                    gling the existing build structure.  Other source trees in
48                    bin through usr.sbin use the NetBSD make(1) ``reachover''
49                    Makefile semantics when building these programs for a
50                    native host.
51
52     distrib/, etc/
53                    Sources for items used when making a full release snap-
54                    shot, such as files installed in DESTDIR/etc on the desti-
55                    nation system, boot media, and release notes.
56
57     tests/, regress/
58                    Regression test harness.  Can be cross-compiled, but only
59                    run natively.  tests/ uses the atf(7) test framework;
60                    regress/ contains older tests that have not yet been
61                    migrated to atf(7).
62
63     sys/           NetBSD kernel sources.
64
65     tools/         ``Reachover'' build structure for the host build tools.
66                    This has a special method of determining out-of-date sta-
67                    tus.
68
69     bin/ ... usr.sbin/
70                    Sources to the NetBSD userland (non-kernel) programs.  If
71                    any of these directories are missing, they will be skipped
72                    during the build.
73
74     x11/           ``Reachover'' build structure for X11R6; the source is in
75                    X11SRCDIR.
76
77   Build tree layout
78     The NetBSD build tree is described in hier(7), and the release layout is
79     described in release(7).
80
81CONFIGURATION
82   Environment variables
83     Several environment variables control the behaviour of NetBSD builds.
84
85     HOST_SH           Path name to a POSIX-compliant shell.  If this is not
86                       set explicitly, then the default is set using heuris-
87                       tics dependent on the host platform, or from the shell
88                       under which build.sh is executed (if that can be deter-
89                       mined), or using the first copy of sh found in PATH.
90                       If the host system's /bin/sh is not POSIX-compliant, we
91                       suggest that you build using commands like
92
93                             HOST_SH=/path/to/working/shell
94                             export HOST_SH
95                             ${HOST_SH} build.sh [options]
96
97     HOST_CC           Path name to C compiler used to create the toolchain.
98
99     HOST_CXX          Path name to C++ compiler used to create the toolchain.
100
101     MACHINE           Machine type, e.g., ``macppc''.
102
103     MACHINE_ARCH      Machine architecture, e.g., ``powerpc''.
104
105     MAKE              Path name to invoke make(1) as.
106
107     MAKEFLAGS         Flags to invoke make(1) with.  Note that build.sh
108                       ignores the value of MAKEFLAGS passed in the environ-
109                       ment, but allows MAKEFLAGS to be set via the -V option.
110
111     MAKEOBJDIR        Directory to use as the .OBJDIR for the current direc-
112                       tory.  The value is subjected to variable expansion by
113                       make(1).  Typical usage is to set this variable to a
114                       value involving the use of `${.CURDIR:S...}' or
115                       `${.CURDIR:C...}', to derive the value of .OBJDIR from
116                       the value of .CURDIR.  Used only if MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX is
117                       not defined.  MAKEOBJDIR can be provided only in the
118                       environment or via the -O flag of build.sh; it cannot
119                       usefully be set inside a Makefile, including mk.conf or
120                       ${MAKECONF}.
121
122     MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX  Top level directory of the object directory tree.  The
123                       value is subjected to variable expansion by make(1).
124                       build.sh will create the ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX} directory
125                       if necessary, but if make(1) is used without build.sh,
126                       then rules in <bsd.obj.mk> will abort the build if the
127                       ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX} directory does not exist.  If the
128                       value is defined and valid, then ${MAKEOBJDIRPRE-
129                       FIX}/${.CURDIR} is used as the .OBJDIR for the current
130                       directory.  The current directory may be read only.
131                       MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX can be provided only in the environ-
132                       ment or via the -M flag of build.sh; it cannot usefully
133                       be set inside a Makefile, including mk.conf or
134                       ${MAKECONF}.
135
136   "make" variables
137     Several variables control the behavior of NetBSD builds.  Unless other-
138     wise specified, these variables may be set in either the process environ-
139     ment or the make(1) configuration file specified by MAKECONF.
140
141     BUILDID     Identifier for the build.  The identifier will be appended to
142                 object directory names, and can be consulted in the make(1)
143                 configuration file in order to set additional build parame-
144                 ters, such as compiler flags.
145
146     BUILDSEED   GCC uses random numbers when compiling C++ code.  This vari-
147                 able seeds the gcc random number generator using the -fran-
148                 dom-seed flag with this value.  By default, it is set to
149                 NetBSD-(majorversion).  Using a fixed value causes C++ bina-
150                 ries to be the same when built from the same sources, result-
151                 ing in identical (reproducible) builds.  Additional informa-
152                 tion is available in the GCC documentation of -frandom-seed.
153
154     DESTDIR     Directory to contain the built NetBSD system.  If set, spe-
155                 cial options are passed to the compilation tools to prevent
156                 their default use of the host system's /usr/include,
157                 /usr/lib, and so forth.  This pathname must be an absolute
158                 path, and should not end with a slash (/) character.  (For
159                 installation into the system's root directory, set DESTDIR to
160                 an empty string, not to ``/'').  The directory must reside on
161                 a file system which supports long file names and hard links.
162
163                 Default: Empty string if USETOOLS is ``yes''; unset other-
164                 wise.
165
166                 Note: build.sh will provide a default of destdir.MACHINE (in
167                 the top-level .OBJDIR) unless run in `expert' mode.
168
169     MAKECONF    The name of the make(1) configuration file.  Only settable in
170                 the process environment.
171
172                 Default: ``/etc/mk.conf''
173
174     MAKEVERBOSE
175                 Level of verbosity of status messages.  Supported values:
176
177                 0    No descriptive messages or commands executed by make(1)
178                      are shown.
179
180                 1    Brief messages are shown describing what is being done,
181                      but the actual commands executed by make(1) are not dis-
182                      played.
183
184                 2    Descriptive messages are shown as above (prefixed with a
185                      `#'), and ordinary commands performed by make(1) are
186                      displayed.
187
188                 3    In addition to the above, all commands performed by
189                      make(1) are displayed, even if they would ordinarily
190                      have been hidden through use of the ``@'' prefix in the
191                      relevant makefile.
192
193                 4    In addition to the above, commands executed by make(1)
194                      are traced through use of the sh(1) ``-x'' flag.
195
196                 Default: 2
197
198     MKCATPAGES  Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether prefor-
199                 matted plaintext manual pages will be created during a build.
200
201                 Default: ``yes''
202
203     MKCRYPTO    Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether crypto-
204                 graphic code will be included in a build; provided for the
205                 benefit of countries that do not allow strong cryptography.
206                 Will not affect use of the standard low-security password
207                 encryption system, crypt(3).
208
209                 Default: ``yes''
210
211     MKDOC       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether system
212                 documentation destined for DESTDIR/usr/share/doc will be
213                 installed during a build.
214
215                 Default: ``yes''
216
217     MKHTML      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether prefor-
218                 matted HTML manual pages will be built and installed
219
220                 Default: ``yes''
221
222     MKHOSTOBJ   Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  If set to ``yes'', then for
223                 programs intended to be run on the compile host, the name,
224                 release, and architecture of the host operating system will
225                 be suffixed to the name of the object directory created by
226                 ``make obj''.  (This allows multiple host systems to compile
227                 NetBSD for a single target.)  If set to ``no'', then programs
228                 built to be run on the compile host will use the same object
229                 directory names as programs built to be run on the target.
230
231                 Default: ``no''
232
233     MKINFO      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether GNU Info
234                 files, used for the documentation for most of the compilation
235                 tools, will be created and installed during a build.
236
237                 Default: ``yes''
238
239     MKKMOD      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether kernel
240                 modules are built and installed.
241
242                 Default: ``yes''
243
244     MKLINT      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether lint(1)
245                 will be run against portions of the NetBSD source code during
246                 the build, and whether lint libraries will be installed into
247                 DESTDIR/usr/libdata/lint.
248
249                 Default: ``yes''
250
251     MKMAN       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether manual
252                 pages will be installed during a build.
253
254                 Default: ``yes''
255
256     MKNLS       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether Native
257                 Language System locale zone files will be compiled and
258                 installed during a build.
259
260                 Default: ``yes''
261
262     MKOBJ       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether object
263                 directories will be created when running ``make obj''.  If
264                 set to ``no'', then all built files will be located inside
265                 the regular source tree.
266
267                 Default: ``yes''
268
269                 Note that setting MKOBJ to ``no'' is not recommended and may
270                 cause problems when updating the tree with cvs(1).
271
272     MKPIC       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether shared
273                 objects and libraries will be created and installed during a
274                 build.  If set to ``no'', the entire built system will be
275                 statically linked.
276
277                 Default: Platform dependent.  As of this writing, all plat-
278                 forms except sh3 default to ``yes''.
279
280     MKPICINSTALL
281                 Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether the ar(1)
282                 format libraries (lib*_pic.a), used to generate shared
283                 libraries, are installed during a build.
284
285                 Default: ``yes''
286
287     MKPROFILE   Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether profiled
288                 libraries (lib*_p.a) will be built and installed during a
289                 build.
290
291                 Default: ``yes''; however, some platforms turn off MKPROFILE
292                 by default at times due to toolchain problems with profiled
293                 code.
294
295     MKSHARE     Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether files
296                 destined to reside in DESTDIR/usr/share will be built and
297                 installed during a build.  If set to ``no'', then all of
298                 MKCATPAGES, MKDOC, MKINFO, MKMAN, and MKNLS will be set to
299                 ``no'' unconditionally.
300
301                 Default: ``yes''
302
303     MKSTRIPIDENT
304                 Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether program
305                 binaries and shared libraries should be built to include RCS
306                 IDs for use with ident(1).
307
308                 Default: ``no''
309
310     MKUNPRIVED  Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether an
311                 unprivileged install will occur.  The user, group, permis-
312                 sions, and file flags, will not be set on the installed
313                 items; instead the information will be appended to a file
314                 called METALOG in DESTDIR.  The contents of METALOG are used
315                 during the generation of the distribution tar files to ensure
316                 that the appropriate file ownership is stored.
317
318                 Default: ``no''
319
320     MKUPDATE    Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether all
321                 install operations intended to write to DESTDIR will compare
322                 file timestamps before installing, and skip the install phase
323                 if the destination files are up-to-date.  This also has
324                 implications on full builds (see next subsection).
325
326                 Default: ``no''
327
328     MKX11       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether X11 is
329                 built from X11SRCDIR.
330
331                 Default: ``no''
332
333     TOOLDIR     Directory to hold the host tools, once built.  If specified,
334                 must be an absolute path.  This directory should be unique to
335                 a given host system and NetBSD source tree.  (However, multi-
336                 ple targets may share the same TOOLDIR; the target-dependent
337                 files have unique names.)  If unset, a default based on the
338                 uname(1) information of the host platform will be created in
339                 the .OBJDIR of src.
340
341                 Default: Unset.
342
343     USETOOLS    Indicates whether the tools specified by TOOLDIR should be
344                 used as part of a build in progress.  Must be set to ``yes''
345                 if cross-compiling.
346
347                 yes    Use the tools from TOOLDIR.
348
349                 no     Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, but refuse to build
350                        native compilation tool components that are version-
351                        specific for that tool.
352
353                 never  Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, even when building
354                        native tool components.  This is similar to the tradi-
355                        tional NetBSD build method, but does not verify that
356                        the compilation tools in use are up-to-date enough in
357                        order to build the tree successfully.  This may cause
358                        build or runtime problems when building the whole
359                        NetBSD source tree.
360
361                 Default: ``yes'', unless TOOLCHAIN_MISSING is set to ``yes''.
362
363                 USETOOLS is also set to ``no'' when using <bsd.*.mk> outside
364                 the NetBSD source tree.
365
366     X11SRCDIR   Directory containing the X11R6 source.  If specified, must be
367                 an absolute path.  The main X11R6 source is found in
368                 X11SRCDIR/xfree/xc.
369
370                 Default: NETBSDRCDIR/../xsrc, if that exists; otherwise
371                 /usr/xsrc.
372
373     X11FLAVOUR  The style of X11 cross-built, set to either ``Xorg'' or
374                 ``XFree86''.
375
376                 Default: ``Xorg'' on amd64, i386, macppc, shark and sparc64
377                 platforms, ``XFree86'' on everything else.
378
379   "make" variables for full builds
380     These variables only affect the top level ``Makefile'' and do not affect
381     manually building subtrees of the NetBSD source code.
382
383     INSTALLWORLDDIR  Location for the ``make installworld'' target to install
384                      to.  If specified, must be an absolute path.
385
386                      Default: ``/''
387
388     MKOBJDIRS        Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether
389                      object directories will be created automatically (via a
390                      ``make obj'' pass) at the start of a build.
391
392                      Default: ``no''
393
394                      If using build.sh, the default is ``yes''.  This may be
395                      set back to ``no'' by giving build.sh the -o option.
396
397     MKUPDATE         Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  If set, then in addi-
398                      tion to the effects described for MKUPDATE=yes above,
399                      this implies the effects of NOCLEANDIR (i.e., ``make
400                      cleandir'' is avoided).
401
402                      Default: ``no''
403
404                      If using build.sh, this may be set by giving the -u
405                      option.
406
407     NBUILDJOBS       Now obsolete.  Use the make(1) option -j, instead.  See
408                      below.
409
410                      Default: Unset.
411
412     NOCLEANDIR       If set, avoids the ``make cleandir'' phase of a full
413                      build.  This has the effect of allowing only changed
414                      files in a source tree to be recompiled.  This can speed
415                      up builds when updating only a few files in the tree.
416
417                      Default: Unset.
418
419                      See also MKUPDATE.
420
421     NODISTRIBDIRS    If set, avoids the ``make distrib-dirs'' phase of a full
422                      build.  This skips running mtree(8) on DESTDIR, useful
423                      on systems where building as an unprivileged user, or
424                      where it is known that the system-wide mtree files have
425                      not changed.
426
427                      Default: Unset.
428
429     NOINCLUDES       If set, avoids the ``make includes'' phase of a full
430                      build.  This has the effect of preventing make(1) from
431                      thinking that some programs are out-of-date simply
432                      because the system include files have changed.  However,
433                      this option should not be used when updating the entire
434                      NetBSD source tree arbitrarily; it is suggested to use
435                      MKUPDATE=yes instead in that case.
436
437                      Default: Unset.
438
439     RELEASEDIR       If set, specifies the directory to which a release(7)
440                      layout will be written at the end of a ``make release''.
441                      If specified, must be an absolute path.
442
443                      Default: Unset.
444
445                      Note: build.sh will provide a default of releasedir (in
446                      the top-level .OBJDIR) unless run in `expert' mode.
447
448BUILDING
449   "make" command line options
450     This is not a summary of all the options available to make(1); only the
451     options used most frequently with NetBSD builds are listed here.
452
453     -j njob    Run up to njob make(1) subjobs in parallel.  Makefiles should
454                use .WAIT or have explicit dependencies as necessary to
455                enforce build ordering.
456
457     -m dir     Specify the default directory for searching for system Make-
458                file segments, mainly the <bsd.*.mk> files.  When building any
459                full NetBSD source tree, this should be set to the
460                ``share/mk'' directory in the source tree.  This is set auto-
461                matically when building from the top level, or when using
462                build.sh.
463
464     -n         Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
465                actually execute them.  This will still cause recursion to
466                take place.
467
468     -V var     Print make(1)'s idea of the value of var.  Does not build any
469                targets.
470
471     var=value  Set the variable var to value, overriding any setting speci-
472                fied by the process environment, the MAKECONF configuration
473                file, or the system Makefile segments.
474
475   "make" targets
476     These default targets may be built by running make(1) in any subtree of
477     the NetBSD source code.  It is recommended that none of these be used
478     from the top level Makefile; as a specific exception, ``make obj'' and
479     ``make cleandir'' are useful in that context.
480
481     all        Build programs, libraries, and preformatted documentation.
482
483     clean      Remove program and library object code files.
484
485     cleandir   Same as clean, but also remove preformatted documentation,
486                dependency files generated by ``make depend'', and any other
487                files known to be created at build time.
488
489     depend     Create dependency files (.depend) containing more detailed
490                information about the dependencies of source code on header
491                files.  Allows programs to be recompiled automatically when a
492                dependency changes.
493
494     dependall  Does a ``make depend'' immediately followed by a ``make all''.
495                This improves cache locality of the build since both passes
496                read the source files in their entirety.
497
498     distclean  Synonym for cleandir.
499
500     includes   Build and install system header files.  Typically needed
501                before any system libraries or programs can be built.
502
503     install    Install programs, libraries, and documentation into DESTDIR.
504                Few files will be installed to DESTDIR/dev, DESTDIR/etc,
505                DESTDIR/root or DESTDIR/var in order to prevent user supplied
506                configuration data from being overwritten.
507
508     lint       Run lint(1) against the C source code, where appropriate, and
509                generate system-installed lint libraries.
510
511     obj        Create object directories to be used for built files, instead
512                of building directly in the source tree.
513
514     tags       Create ctags(1) searchable function lists usable by the ex(1)
515                and vi(1) text editors.
516
517   "make" targets for the top level
518     Additional make(1) targets are usable specifically from the top source
519     level to facilitate building the entire NetBSD source tree.
520
521     build         Build the entire NetBSD system (except the kernel).  This
522                   orders portions of the source tree such that prerequisites
523                   will be built in the proper order.
524
525     distribution  Do a ``make build'', and then install a full distribution
526                   (which does not include a kernel) into DESTDIR, including
527                   files in DESTDIR/dev, DESTDIR/etc, DESTDIR/root and
528                   DESTDIR/var.
529
530     buildworld    As per ``make distribution'', except that it ensures that
531                   DESTDIR is not the root directory.
532
533     installworld  Install the distribution from DESTDIR to INSTALLWORLDDIR,
534                   which defaults to the root directory.  Ensures that
535                   INSTALLWORLDDIR is not the root directory if cross compil-
536                   ing.
537
538                   The INSTALLSETS environment variable may be set to a space-
539                   separated list of distribution sets to be installed.  By
540                   default, all sets except ``etc'' and ``xetc'' are
541                   installed, so most files in INSTALLWORLDDIR/etc will not be
542                   installed or modified.
543
544                   Note: Before performing this operation with
545                   INSTALLWORLDDIR=/, it is highly recommended that you
546                   upgrade your kernel and reboot.  After performing this
547                   operation, it is recommended that you use etcupdate(8) to
548                   update files in INSTALLWORLDDIR/etc and that you use
549                   postinstall(8) to check for inconsistencies (and possibly
550                   to fix them).
551
552     sets          Create distribution sets from DESTDIR into
553                   RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/binary/sets.  Should be run
554                   after ``make distribution'', as ``make build'' alone does
555                   not install all of the required files.
556
557     sourcesets    Create source sets of the source tree into
558                   RELEASEDIR/source/sets.
559
560     syspkgs       Create syspkgs from DESTDIR into
561                   RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/binary/syspkgs.  Should be run
562                   after ``make distribution'', as ``make build'' alone does
563                   not install all of the required files.
564
565     release       Do a ``make distribution'', build kernels, distribution
566                   media, and install sets (this as per ``make sets''), and
567                   then package the system into a standard release layout as
568                   described by release(7).  This requires that RELEASEDIR be
569                   set (see above).
570
571     iso-image     Create a NetBSD installation CD-ROM image in the
572                   RELEASEDIR/iso directory.  The CD-ROM file system will have
573                   a layout as described in release(7).
574
575                   For most machine types, the CD-ROM will be bootable, and
576                   will automatically run the sysinst(8) menu-based installa-
577                   tion program, which can be used to install or upgrade a
578                   NetBSD system.  Bootable CD-ROMs also contain tools that
579                   may be useful in repairing a damaged NetBSD installation.
580
581                   Before ``make iso-image'' is attempted, RELEASEDIR must be
582                   populated by ``make release'' or equivalent.
583
584                   Note that other, smaller, CD-ROM images may be created in
585                   the RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/installation/cdrom direc-
586                   tory by ``make release''.  These smaller images usually
587                   contain the same tools as the larger images in
588                   RELEASEDIR/iso, but do not contain additional content such
589                   as the distribution sets.
590
591                   Note that the mac68k port still uses an older method of
592                   creating CD-ROM images.  This requires the mkisofs(1) util-
593                   ity, which is not part of NetBSD, but which can be
594                   installed from pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools.
595
596     iso-image-source
597                   Create a NetBSD installation CD-ROM image in the
598                   RELEASEDIR/iso directory.  The CD-ROM file system will have
599                   a layout as described in release(7).  It will have top
600                   level directories for the machine type and source.
601
602                   For most machine types, the CD-ROM will be bootable, and
603                   will automatically run the sysinst(8) menu-based installa-
604                   tion program, which can be used to install or upgrade a
605                   NetBSD system.  Bootable CD-ROMs also contain tools that
606                   may be useful in repairing a damaged NetBSD installation.
607
608                   Before ``make iso-image-source'' is attempted, RELEASEDIR
609                   must be populated by ``make sourcesets release'' or equiva-
610                   lent.
611
612                   Note that other, smaller, CD-ROM images may be created in
613                   the RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/installation/cdrom direc-
614                   tory by ``make release''.  These smaller images usually
615                   contain the same tools as the larger images in
616                   RELEASEDIR/iso, but do not contain additional content such
617                   as the distribution sets.
618
619                   Note that the mac68k port still uses an older method of
620                   creating CD-ROM images.  This requires the mkisofs(1) util-
621                   ity, which is not part of NetBSD, but which can be
622                   installed from pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools.
623
624     regression-tests
625                   Can only be run after building the regression tests in the
626                   directory ``regress''.  Runs those compiled regression
627                   tests on the local host.  Note that most tests are now man-
628                   aged instead using atf(7); this target should probably run
629                   those as well but currently does not.
630
631   The "build.sh" script
632     This script file is a Bourne shell script designed to build the entire
633     NetBSD system on any host with a Bourne shell in /bin/sh, including many
634     that are not POSIX compliant.  Note that if a host system's /bin/sh is
635     unusually old and broken, the Korn Shell (/bin/ksh), if available, may be
636     a usable alternative.
637
638     All cross-compile builds, and most native builds, of the entire system
639     should make use of build.sh rather than just running ``make''.  This way,
640     the make(1) program will be bootstrapped properly, in case the host sys-
641     tem has an older or incompatible ``make'' program.
642
643     When compiling the entire system via build.sh, many make(1) variables are
644     set for you in order to help encapsulate the build process.  In the list
645     of options below, variables that are automatically set by build.sh are
646     noted where applicable.
647
648     The following operations are supported by build.sh:
649
650     build         Build the system as per ``make build''.  Before the main
651                   part of the build commences, this command runs the obj
652                   operation (unless the -o option is given), ``make
653                   cleandir'' (unless the -u option is given), and the tools
654                   operation.
655
656     distribution  Build a full distribution as per ``make distribution''.
657                   This command first runs the build operation.
658
659     release       Build a full release as per ``make release''.  This command
660                   first runs the distribution operation.
661
662     makewrapper   Create the nbmake-MACHINE wrapper.  This operation is auto-
663                   matically performed for any of the other operations.
664
665     cleandir      Perform ``make cleandir''.
666
667     obj           Perform ``make obj''.
668
669     tools         Build and install the host tools from src/tools.  This com-
670                   mand will first run ``make obj'' and ``make cleandir'' in
671                   the tools subdirectory unless the -o or -u options (respec-
672                   tively) are given.
673
674     install=idir  Install the contents of DESTDIR to idir, using ``make
675                   installworld''.  Note that files that are part of the
676                   ``etc'' or ``xetc'' sets will not be installed, unless
677                   overridden by the INSTALLSETS environment variable.
678
679     kernel=kconf  Build a new kernel.  The kconf argument is the name of a
680                   configuration file suitable for use by config(1).  If kconf
681                   does not contain any `/' characters, the configuration file
682                   is expected to be found in the KERNCONFDIR directory, which
683                   is typically sys/arch/MACHINE/conf.  The new kernel will be
684                   built in a subdirectory of KERNOBJDIR, which is typically
685                   sys/arch/MACHINE/compile or an associated object directory.
686
687                   This command does not imply the tools command; run the
688                   tools command first unless it is certain that the tools
689                   already exist and are up to date.
690
691                   This command will run ``make cleandir'' on the kernel in
692                   question first unless the -u option is given.
693
694     modules       This command will build kernel modules and install them
695                   into DESTDIR.
696
697     releasekernel=kconf
698                   Install a gzip(1)ed copy of the kernel previously built by
699                   kernel=kconf into
700                   RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/binary/kernel, usually as
701                   netbsd-kconf.gz, although the ``netbsd'' prefix is deter-
702                   mined from the ``config'' directives in kconf.
703
704     sets          Perform ``make sets''.
705
706     sourcesets    Perform ``make sourcesets''.
707
708     syspkgs       Perform ``make syspkgs''.
709
710     iso-image     Perform ``make iso-image''.
711
712     iso-image-source
713                   Perform ``make iso-image-source''.
714
715     The following command line options alter the behaviour of the build.sh
716     operations described above:
717
718     -a arch   Set the value of MACHINE_ARCH to arch.
719
720     -B buildid
721               Set the value of BUILDID to buildid.  This will also append the
722               build identifier to the name of the ``make'' wrapper script so
723               that the resulting name is of the form
724               ``nbmake-MACHINE-BUILDID''.
725
726     -C cdextras
727               Append cdextras to the CDEXTRA variable, which is a space-sepa-
728               rated list of files or directories that will be added to the
729               CD-ROM image that may be create by the ``iso-image'' or
730               ``iso-image-source'' operations.  Files will be added to the
731               root of the CD-ROM image, whereas directories will be copied
732               recursively.  If relative paths are specified, they will be
733               converted to absolute paths before being used.  Multiple paths
734               may be specified via multiple -C options, or via a single
735               option whose argument contains multiple space-separated paths.
736
737     -D dest   Set the value of DESTDIR to dest.  If a relative path is speci-
738               fied, it will be converted to an absolute path before being
739               used.
740
741     -E        Set `expert' mode.  This overrides various sanity checks, and
742               allows: DESTDIR does not have to be set to a non-root path for
743               builds, and MKUNPRIVED=yes does not have to be set when build-
744               ing as a non-root user.
745
746               Note: It is highly recommended that you know what you are doing
747               when you use this option.
748
749     -h        Print a help message.
750
751     -j njob   Run up to njob make(1) subjobs in parallel; passed through to
752               make(1).  If you see failures for reasons other than running
753               out of memory while using build.sh with -j, please save com-
754               plete build logs so the failures can be analyzed.
755
756               To achieve the fastest builds, -j values between (1 + the num-
757               ber of CPUs) and (2 * the number of CPUs) are recommended.  Use
758               lower values on machines with limited memory or I/O bandwidth.
759
760     -M obj    Set MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX to obj.  Unsets MAKEOBJDIR.  See ``-O
761               -obj'' for more information.
762
763               For instance, if the source directory is /usr/src, a setting of
764               ``-M /usr/obj'' will place build-time files under
765               /usr/obj/usr/src/bin, /usr/obj/usr/src/lib,
766               /usr/obj/usr/src/usr.bin, and so forth.
767
768               If a relative path is specified, it will be converted to an
769               absolute path before being used.  build.sh imposes the restric-
770               tion that the argument to the -M option must not begin with a
771               ``$'' (dollar sign) character; otherwise it would be too diffi-
772               cult to determine whether the value is an absolute or a rela-
773               tive path.  If the directory does not already exist, build.sh
774               will create it.
775
776     -m mach   Set the value of MACHINE to mach, except in some special cases
777               listed below.  This will also override any value of
778               MACHINE_ARCH in the process environment with a value deduced
779               from mach, unless -a is specified.  All cross builds require
780               -m, but if unset on a NetBSD host, the host's value of MACHINE
781               will be detected and used automatically.
782
783               Some machines support multiple values for MACHINE_ARCH.  The
784               following special cases for the mach argument are defined to
785               set the listed values of MACHINE and MACHINE_ARCH:
786
787                     mach          MACHINE    MACHINE_ARCH
788                     evbarm        evbarm     (not set)
789                     evbarm-eb     evbarm     armeb
790                     evbarm-el     evbarm     arm
791                     evbmips       evbmips    (not set)
792                     evbmips-eb    evbmips    mipseb
793                     evbmips-el    evbmips    mipsel
794                     evbsh3        evbsh3     (not set)
795                     evbsh3-eb     evbsh3     sh3eb
796                     evbsh3-el     evbsh3     sh3el
797                     sbmips        sbmips     (not set)
798                     sbmips-eb     sbmips     mipseb
799                     sbmips-el     sbmips     mipsel
800
801     -N noiselevel
802               Set the ``noisyness'' level of the build, by setting
803               MAKEVERBOSE to noiselevel.
804
805     -n        Show the commands that would be executed by build.sh, but do
806               not make any changes.  This is similar in concept to ``make
807               -n''.
808
809     -O obj    Create an appropriate transform macro for MAKEOBJDIR that will
810               place the built object files under obj.  Unsets
811               MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX.
812
813               For instance, a setting of ``-O /usr/obj'' will place build-
814               time files under /usr/obj/bin, /usr/obj/lib, /usr/obj/usr.bin,
815               and so forth.
816
817               If a relative path is specified, it will be converted to an
818               absolute path before being used.  build.sh imposes the restric-
819               tion that the argument to the -O option must not contain a
820               ``$'' (dollar sign) character.  If the directory does not
821               already exist, build.sh will create it.
822
823               In normal use, exactly one of the -M or -O options should be
824               specified.  If neither -M nor -O is specified, then a default
825               object directory will be chosen according to rules in
826               <bsd.obj.mk>.  Relying on this default is not recommended
827               because it is determined by complex rules that are influenced
828               by the values of several variables and by the location of the
829               source directory.
830
831     -o        Set the value of MKOBJDIRS to ``no''.  Otherwise, it will be
832               automatically set to ``yes''.  This default is opposite to the
833               behaviour when not using build.sh.
834
835     -R rel    Set the value of RELEASEDIR to rel.  If a relative path is
836               specified, it will be converted to an absolute path before
837               being used.
838
839     -r        Remove the contents of DESTDIR and TOOLDIR before building
840               (provides a clean starting point).  This will skip deleting
841               DESTDIR if building on a native system to the root directory.
842
843     -S seed   Change the value of BUILDSEED to seed.  This should rarely be
844               necessary.
845
846     -T tools  Set the value of TOOLDIR to tools.  If a relative path is spec-
847               ified, it will be converted to an absolute path before being
848               used.  If set, the bootstrap ``make'' will only be rebuilt if
849               the source files for make(1) have changed.
850
851     -U        Set MKUNPRIVED=yes.
852
853     -u        Set MKUPDATE=yes.
854
855     -V var=[value]
856               Set the environment variable var to an optional value.  This is
857               propagated to the nbmake wrapper.
858
859     -w wrapper
860               Create the nbmake wrapper script (see below) in a custom loca-
861               tion, specified by wrapper.  This allows, for instance, to
862               place the wrapper in PATH automatically.  Note that wrapper is
863               the full name of the file, not just a directory name.  If a
864               relative path is specified, it will be converted to an absolute
865               path before being used.
866
867     -X x11src
868               Set the value of X11SRCDIR to x11src.  If a relative path is
869               specified, it will be converted to an absolute path before
870               being used.
871
872     -x        Set MKX11=yes.
873
874     -Z var    Unset ("zap") the environment variable var.  This is propagated
875               to the nbmake wrapper.
876
877   The "nbmake-MACHINE" wrapper script
878     If using the build.sh script to build NetBSD, a nbmake-MACHINE script
879     will be created in TOOLDIR/bin upon the first build to assist in building
880     subtrees on a cross-compile host.
881
882     nbmake-MACHINE can be invoked in lieu of make(1), and will instead call
883     the up-to-date version of ``nbmake'' installed into TOOLDIR/bin with sev-
884     eral key variables pre-set, including MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR.
885     nbmake-MACHINE will also set variables specified with -V, and unset vari-
886     ables specified with -Z.
887
888     This script can be symlinked into a directory listed in PATH, or called
889     with an absolute path.
890
891EXAMPLES
892     1.   % ./build.sh [options] tools kernel=GENERIC
893
894          Build a new toolchain, and use the new toolchain to configure and
895          build a new GENERIC kernel.
896
897     2.   % ./build.sh [options] -U distribution
898
899          Using unprivileged mode, build a complete distribution to a DESTDIR
900          directory that build.sh selects (and will display).
901
902     3.   # ./build.sh [options] -U install=/
903
904          As root, install to / the distribution that was built by example 2.
905          Even though this is run as root, -U is required so that the permis-
906          sions stored in DESTDIR/METALOG are correctly applied to the files
907          as they're copied to /.
908
909     4.   % ./build.sh [options] -U -u release
910
911          Using unprivileged mode, build a complete release to DESTDIR and
912          RELEASEDIR directories that build.sh selects (and will display).
913          MKUPDATE=yes (-u) is set to prevent the ``make cleandir'', so that
914          if this is run after example 2, it doesn't need to redo that portion
915          of the release build.
916
917OBSOLETE VARIABLES
918     NBUILDJOBS  Use the make(1) option -j instead.
919
920     USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN
921                 The new toolchain is now the default.  To disable, use
922                 TOOLCHAIN_MISSING=yes.
923
924SEE ALSO
925     make(1), hier(7), release(7), etcupdate(8), postinstall(8), sysinst(8),
926     pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools
927
928HISTORY
929     The build.sh based build scheme was introduced for NetBSD 1.6 as
930     USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN, and re-worked to TOOLCHAIN_MISSING after that.
931
932NetBSD                         September 9, 2011                        NetBSD
933