BUILDING revision 1.94
1BUILDING(8)             NetBSD System Manager's Manual             BUILDING(8)
2
3NAME
4     BUILDING -- Procedure for building NetBSD from source code.
5
6REQUIREMENTS
7     NetBSD is designed to be buildable on most POSIX-compliant host systems.
8     The basic build procedure is the same whether compiling natively (on the
9     same NetBSD architecture) or cross compiling (on another architecture or
10     OS).
11
12     This source tree contains a special subtree, ``tools'', which uses the
13     host system to create a build toolchain for the target architecture.  The
14     host system must have at least C and C++ compilers in order to create the
15     toolchain (make is not required); all other tools are created as part of
16     the NetBSD build process.  (See the environment variables section below
17     if you need to override or manually select your compilers.)
18
19FILES
20   Source tree layout
21     doc/BUILDING.mdoc
22                    This document (in -mdoc troff format; the original copy).
23
24     BUILDING       This document (in plaintext).
25
26     tools/compat/README
27                    Special notes for cross-hosting a NetBSD build on non-
28                    NetBSD platforms.
29
30     Makefile       The main Makefile for NetBSD; should only be run for
31                    native builds with an appropriately up-to-date version of
32                    NetBSD make(1).  (For building from out-of-date systems or
33                    on a non-native host, see the build.sh shell script.)
34
35     UPDATING       Special notes for updating from an earlier revision of
36                    NetBSD.  It is important to read this file before every
37                    build of an updated source tree.
38
39     build.sh       Bourne-compatible shell script used for building the host
40                    build tools and the NetBSD system from scratch.  Can be
41                    used for both native and cross builds, and should be used
42                    instead of make(1) for any source tree that is updated and
43                    recompiled regularly.
44
45     crypto/dist/, dist/, gnu/dist/
46                    Sources imported verbatim from third parties, without man-
47                    gling the existing build structure.  Other source trees in
48                    bin through usr.sbin use the NetBSD make(1) ``reachover''
49                    Makefile semantics when building these programs for a
50                    native host.
51
52     distrib/, etc/
53                    Sources for items used when making a full release snap-
54                    shot, such as files installed in DESTDIR/etc on the desti-
55                    nation system, boot media, and release notes.
56
57     tests/, regress/
58                    Regression test harness.  Can be cross-compiled, but only
59                    run natively.  tests/ uses the atf(7) test framework;
60                    regress/ contains older tests that have not yet been
61                    migrated to atf(7).
62
63     sys/           NetBSD kernel sources.
64
65     tools/         ``Reachover'' build structure for the host build tools.
66                    This has a special method of determining out-of-date sta-
67                    tus.
68
69     bin/ ... usr.sbin/
70                    Sources to the NetBSD userland (non-kernel) programs.  If
71                    any of these directories are missing, they will be skipped
72                    during the build.
73
74     x11/           ``Reachover'' build structure for X11R6; the source is in
75                    X11SRCDIR.
76
77   Build tree layout
78     The NetBSD build tree is described in hier(7), and the release layout is
79     described in release(7).
80
81CONFIGURATION
82   Environment variables
83     Several environment variables control the behaviour of NetBSD builds.
84
85     HOST_SH           Path name to a POSIX-compliant shell.  If this is not
86                       set explicitly, then the default is set using heuris-
87                       tics dependent on the host platform, or from the shell
88                       under which build.sh is executed (if that can be deter-
89                       mined), or using the first copy of sh found in PATH.
90                       If the host system's /bin/sh is not POSIX-compliant, we
91                       suggest that you build using commands like
92
93                             HOST_SH=/path/to/working/shell
94                             export HOST_SH
95                             ${HOST_SH} build.sh [options]
96
97     HOST_CC           Path name to C compiler used to create the toolchain.
98
99     HOST_CXX          Path name to C++ compiler used to create the toolchain.
100
101     MACHINE           Machine type, e.g., ``macppc''.
102
103     MACHINE_ARCH      Machine architecture, e.g., ``powerpc''.
104
105     MAKE              Path name to invoke make(1) as.
106
107     MAKEFLAGS         Flags to invoke make(1) with.  Note that build.sh
108                       ignores the value of MAKEFLAGS passed in the environ-
109                       ment, but allows MAKEFLAGS to be set via the -V option.
110
111     MAKEOBJDIR        Directory to use as the .OBJDIR for the current direc-
112                       tory.  The value is subjected to variable expansion by
113                       make(1).  Typical usage is to set this variable to a
114                       value involving the use of `${.CURDIR:S...}' or
115                       `${.CURDIR:C...}', to derive the value of .OBJDIR from
116                       the value of .CURDIR.  Used only if MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX is
117                       not defined.  MAKEOBJDIR can be provided only in the
118                       environment or via the -O flag of build.sh; it cannot
119                       usefully be set inside a Makefile, including mk.conf or
120                       ${MAKECONF}.
121
122     MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX  Top level directory of the object directory tree.  The
123                       value is subjected to variable expansion by make(1).
124                       build.sh will create the ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX} directory
125                       if necessary, but if make(1) is used without build.sh,
126                       then rules in <bsd.obj.mk> will abort the build if the
127                       ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX} directory does not exist.  If the
128                       value is defined and valid, then ${MAKEOBJDIRPRE-
129                       FIX}/${.CURDIR} is used as the .OBJDIR for the current
130                       directory.  The current directory may be read only.
131                       MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX can be provided only in the environ-
132                       ment or via the -M flag of build.sh; it cannot usefully
133                       be set inside a Makefile, including mk.conf or
134                       ${MAKECONF}.
135
136   "make" variables
137     Several variables control the behavior of NetBSD builds.  Unless other-
138     wise specified, these variables may be set in either the process environ-
139     ment or the make(1) configuration file specified by MAKECONF.
140
141     BUILDID     Identifier for the build.  The identifier will be appended to
142                 object directory names, and can be consulted in the make(1)
143                 configuration file in order to set additional build parame-
144                 ters, such as compiler flags.
145
146     BUILDSEED   GCC uses random numbers when compiling C++ code.  This vari-
147                 able seeds the gcc random number generator using the -fran-
148                 dom-seed flag with this value.  By default, it is set to
149                 NetBSD-(majorversion).  Using a fixed value causes C++ bina-
150                 ries to be the same when built from the same sources, result-
151                 ing in identical (reproducible) builds.  Additional informa-
152                 tion is available in the GCC documentation of -frandom-seed.
153
154     DESTDIR     Directory to contain the built NetBSD system.  If set, spe-
155                 cial options are passed to the compilation tools to prevent
156                 their default use of the host system's /usr/include,
157                 /usr/lib, and so forth.  This pathname must be an absolute
158                 path, and should not end with a slash (/) character.  (For
159                 installation into the system's root directory, set DESTDIR to
160                 an empty string, not to ``/'').  The directory must reside on
161                 a file system which supports long file names and hard links.
162
163                 Default: Empty string if USETOOLS is ``yes''; unset other-
164                 wise.
165
166                 Note: build.sh will provide a default of destdir.MACHINE (in
167                 the top-level .OBJDIR) unless run in `expert' mode.
168
169     MAKECONF    The name of the make(1) configuration file.  Only settable in
170                 the process environment.
171
172                 Default: ``/etc/mk.conf''
173
174     MAKEVERBOSE
175                 Level of verbosity of status messages.  Supported values:
176
177                 0    No descriptive messages or commands executed by make(1)
178                      are shown.
179
180                 1    Brief messages are shown describing what is being done,
181                      but the actual commands executed by make(1) are not dis-
182                      played.
183
184                 2    Descriptive messages are shown as above (prefixed with a
185                      `#'), and ordinary commands performed by make(1) are
186                      displayed.
187
188                 3    In addition to the above, all commands performed by
189                      make(1) are displayed, even if they would ordinarily
190                      have been hidden through use of the ``@'' prefix in the
191                      relevant makefile.
192
193                 4    In addition to the above, commands executed by make(1)
194                      are traced through use of the sh(1) ``-x'' flag.
195
196                 Default: 2
197
198     MKCATPAGES  Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether prefor-
199                 matted plaintext manual pages will be created during a build.
200
201                 Default: ``yes''
202
203     MKCRYPTO    Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether crypto-
204                 graphic code will be included in a build; provided for the
205                 benefit of countries that do not allow strong cryptography.
206                 Will not affect use of the standard low-security password
207                 encryption system, crypt(3).
208
209                 Default: ``yes''
210
211     MKDOC       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether system
212                 documentation destined for DESTDIR/usr/share/doc will be
213                 installed during a build.
214
215                 Default: ``yes''
216
217     MKHTML      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether prefor-
218                 matted HTML manual pages will be built and installed
219
220                 Default: ``yes''
221
222     MKHOSTOBJ   Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  If set to ``yes'', then for
223                 programs intended to be run on the compile host, the name,
224                 release, and architecture of the host operating system will
225                 be suffixed to the name of the object directory created by
226                 ``make obj''.  (This allows multiple host systems to compile
227                 NetBSD for a single target.)  If set to ``no'', then programs
228                 built to be run on the compile host will use the same object
229                 directory names as programs built to be run on the target.
230
231                 Default: ``no''
232
233     MKINFO      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether GNU Info
234                 files, used for the documentation for most of the compilation
235                 tools, will be created and installed during a build.
236
237                 Default: ``yes''
238
239     MKLINT      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether lint(1)
240                 will be run against portions of the NetBSD source code during
241                 the build, and whether lint libraries will be installed into
242                 DESTDIR/usr/libdata/lint.
243
244                 Default: ``yes''
245
246     MKMAN       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether manual
247                 pages will be installed during a build.
248
249                 Default: ``yes''
250
251     MKNLS       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether Native
252                 Language System locale zone files will be compiled and
253                 installed during a build.
254
255                 Default: ``yes''
256
257     MKOBJ       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether object
258                 directories will be created when running ``make obj''.  If
259                 set to ``no'', then all built files will be located inside
260                 the regular source tree.
261
262                 Default: ``yes''
263
264                 Note that setting MKOBJ to ``no'' is not recommended and may
265                 cause problems when updating the tree with cvs(1).
266
267     MKPIC       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether shared
268                 objects and libraries will be created and installed during a
269                 build.  If set to ``no'', the entire built system will be
270                 statically linked.
271
272                 Default: Platform dependent.  As of this writing, all plat-
273                 forms except sh3 default to ``yes''.
274
275     MKPICINSTALL
276                 Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether the ar(1)
277                 format libraries (lib*_pic.a), used to generate shared
278                 libraries, are installed during a build.
279
280                 Default: ``yes''
281
282     MKPROFILE   Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether profiled
283                 libraries (lib*_p.a) will be built and installed during a
284                 build.
285
286                 Default: ``yes''; however, some platforms turn off MKPROFILE
287                 by default at times due to toolchain problems with profiled
288                 code.
289
290     MKSHARE     Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether files
291                 destined to reside in DESTDIR/usr/share will be built and
292                 installed during a build.  If set to ``no'', then all of
293                 MKCATPAGES, MKDOC, MKINFO, MKMAN, and MKNLS will be set to
294                 ``no'' unconditionally.
295
296                 Default: ``yes''
297
298     MKSTRIPIDENT
299                 Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether program
300                 binaries and shared libraries should be built to include RCS
301                 IDs for use with ident(1).
302
303                 Default: ``no''
304
305     MKUNPRIVED  Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether an
306                 unprivileged install will occur.  The user, group, permis-
307                 sions, and file flags, will not be set on the installed
308                 items; instead the information will be appended to a file
309                 called METALOG in DESTDIR.  The contents of METALOG are used
310                 during the generation of the distribution tar files to ensure
311                 that the appropriate file ownership is stored.
312
313                 Default: ``no''
314
315     MKUPDATE    Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether all
316                 install operations intended to write to DESTDIR will compare
317                 file timestamps before installing, and skip the install phase
318                 if the destination files are up-to-date.  This also has
319                 implications on full builds (see next subsection).
320
321                 Default: ``no''
322
323     MKX11       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether X11 is
324                 built from X11SRCDIR.
325
326                 Default: ``no''
327
328     TOOLDIR     Directory to hold the host tools, once built.  If specified,
329                 must be an absolute path.  This directory should be unique to
330                 a given host system and NetBSD source tree.  (However, multi-
331                 ple targets may share the same TOOLDIR; the target-dependent
332                 files have unique names.)  If unset, a default based on the
333                 uname(1) information of the host platform will be created in
334                 the .OBJDIR of src.
335
336                 Default: Unset.
337
338     USETOOLS    Indicates whether the tools specified by TOOLDIR should be
339                 used as part of a build in progress.  Must be set to ``yes''
340                 if cross-compiling.
341
342                 yes    Use the tools from TOOLDIR.
343
344                 no     Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, but refuse to build
345                        native compilation tool components that are version-
346                        specific for that tool.
347
348                 never  Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, even when building
349                        native tool components.  This is similar to the tradi-
350                        tional NetBSD build method, but does not verify that
351                        the compilation tools in use are up-to-date enough in
352                        order to build the tree successfully.  This may cause
353                        build or runtime problems when building the whole
354                        NetBSD source tree.
355
356                 Default: ``yes'', unless TOOLCHAIN_MISSING is set to ``yes''.
357
358                 USETOOLS is also set to ``no'' when using <bsd.*.mk> outside
359                 the NetBSD source tree.
360
361     X11SRCDIR   Directory containing the X11R6 source.  If specified, must be
362                 an absolute path.  The main X11R6 source is found in
363                 X11SRCDIR/xfree/xc.
364
365                 Default: NETBSDRCDIR/../xsrc, if that exists; otherwise
366                 /usr/xsrc.
367
368     X11FLAVOUR  The style of X11 cross-built, set to either ``Xorg'' or
369                 ``XFree86''.
370
371                 Default: ``Xorg'' on amd64, i386, macppc, shark and sparc64
372                 platforms, ``XFree86'' on everything else.
373
374   "make" variables for full builds
375     These variables only affect the top level ``Makefile'' and do not affect
376     manually building subtrees of the NetBSD source code.
377
378     INSTALLWORLDDIR  Location for the ``make installworld'' target to install
379                      to.  If specified, must be an absolute path.
380
381                      Default: ``/''
382
383     MKOBJDIRS        Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether
384                      object directories will be created automatically (via a
385                      ``make obj'' pass) at the start of a build.
386
387                      Default: ``no''
388
389                      If using build.sh, the default is ``yes''.  This may be
390                      set back to ``no'' by giving build.sh the -o option.
391
392     MKUPDATE         Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  If set, then in addi-
393                      tion to the effects described for MKUPDATE=yes above,
394                      this implies the effects of NOCLEANDIR (i.e., ``make
395                      cleandir'' is avoided).
396
397                      Default: ``no''
398
399                      If using build.sh, this may be set by giving the -u
400                      option.
401
402     NBUILDJOBS       Now obsolete.  Use the make(1) option -j, instead.  See
403                      below.
404
405                      Default: Unset.
406
407     NOCLEANDIR       If set, avoids the ``make cleandir'' phase of a full
408                      build.  This has the effect of allowing only changed
409                      files in a source tree to be recompiled.  This can speed
410                      up builds when updating only a few files in the tree.
411
412                      Default: Unset.
413
414                      See also MKUPDATE.
415
416     NODISTRIBDIRS    If set, avoids the ``make distrib-dirs'' phase of a full
417                      build.  This skips running mtree(8) on DESTDIR, useful
418                      on systems where building as an unprivileged user, or
419                      where it is known that the system-wide mtree files have
420                      not changed.
421
422                      Default: Unset.
423
424     NOINCLUDES       If set, avoids the ``make includes'' phase of a full
425                      build.  This has the effect of preventing make(1) from
426                      thinking that some programs are out-of-date simply
427                      because the system include files have changed.  However,
428                      this option should not be used when updating the entire
429                      NetBSD source tree arbitrarily; it is suggested to use
430                      MKUPDATE=yes instead in that case.
431
432                      Default: Unset.
433
434     RELEASEDIR       If set, specifies the directory to which a release(7)
435                      layout will be written at the end of a ``make release''.
436                      If specified, must be an absolute path.
437
438                      Default: Unset.
439
440                      Note: build.sh will provide a default of releasedir (in
441                      the top-level .OBJDIR) unless run in `expert' mode.
442
443BUILDING
444   "make" command line options
445     This is not a summary of all the options available to make(1); only the
446     options used most frequently with NetBSD builds are listed here.
447
448     -j njob    Run up to njob make(1) subjobs in parallel.  Makefiles should
449                use .WAIT or have explicit dependencies as necessary to
450                enforce build ordering.
451
452     -m dir     Specify the default directory for searching for system Make-
453                file segments, mainly the <bsd.*.mk> files.  When building any
454                full NetBSD source tree, this should be set to the
455                ``share/mk'' directory in the source tree.  This is set auto-
456                matically when building from the top level, or when using
457                build.sh.
458
459     -n         Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
460                actually execute them.  This will still cause recursion to
461                take place.
462
463     -V var     Print make(1)'s idea of the value of var.  Does not build any
464                targets.
465
466     var=value  Set the variable var to value, overriding any setting speci-
467                fied by the process environment, the MAKECONF configuration
468                file, or the system Makefile segments.
469
470   "make" targets
471     These default targets may be built by running make(1) in any subtree of
472     the NetBSD source code.  It is recommended that none of these be used
473     from the top level Makefile; as a specific exception, ``make obj'' and
474     ``make cleandir'' are useful in that context.
475
476     all        Build programs, libraries, and preformatted documentation.
477
478     clean      Remove program and library object code files.
479
480     cleandir   Same as clean, but also remove preformatted documentation,
481                dependency files generated by ``make depend'', and any other
482                files known to be created at build time.
483
484     depend     Create dependency files (.depend) containing more detailed
485                information about the dependencies of source code on header
486                files.  Allows programs to be recompiled automatically when a
487                dependency changes.
488
489     dependall  Does a ``make depend'' immediately followed by a ``make all''.
490                This improves cache locality of the build since both passes
491                read the source files in their entirety.
492
493     distclean  Synonym for cleandir.
494
495     includes   Build and install system header files.  Typically needed
496                before any system libraries or programs can be built.
497
498     install    Install programs, libraries, and documentation into DESTDIR.
499                Few files will be installed to DESTDIR/dev, DESTDIR/etc,
500                DESTDIR/root or DESTDIR/var in order to prevent user supplied
501                configuration data from being overwritten.
502
503     lint       Run lint(1) against the C source code, where appropriate, and
504                generate system-installed lint libraries.
505
506     obj        Create object directories to be used for built files, instead
507                of building directly in the source tree.
508
509     tags       Create ctags(1) searchable function lists usable by the ex(1)
510                and vi(1) text editors.
511
512   "make" targets for the top level
513     Additional make(1) targets are usable specifically from the top source
514     level to facilitate building the entire NetBSD source tree.
515
516     build         Build the entire NetBSD system (except the kernel).  This
517                   orders portions of the source tree such that prerequisites
518                   will be built in the proper order.
519
520     distribution  Do a ``make build'', and then install a full distribution
521                   (which does not include a kernel) into DESTDIR, including
522                   files in DESTDIR/dev, DESTDIR/etc, DESTDIR/root and
523                   DESTDIR/var.
524
525     buildworld    As per ``make distribution'', except that it ensures that
526                   DESTDIR is not the root directory.
527
528     installworld  Install the distribution from DESTDIR to INSTALLWORLDDIR,
529                   which defaults to the root directory.  Ensures that
530                   INSTALLWORLDDIR is not the root directory if cross compil-
531                   ing.
532
533                   The INSTALLSETS environment variable may be set to a list
534                   of distribution sets to be installed.  By default, all sets
535                   except ``etc'' and ``xetc'' are installed, so most files in
536                   INSTALLWORLDDIR/etc will not be installed or modified.
537
538                   Note: Before performing this operation with
539                   INSTALLWORLDDIR=/, it is highly recommended that you
540                   upgrade your kernel and reboot.  After performing this
541                   operation, it is recommended that you use etcupdate(8) to
542                   update files in INSTALLWORLDDIR/etc and that you use
543                   postinstall(8) to check for inconsistencies (and possibly
544                   to fix them).
545
546     sets          Create distribution sets from DESTDIR into
547                   RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/binary/sets.  Should be run
548                   after ``make distribution'', as ``make build'' alone does
549                   not install all of the required files.
550
551     sourcesets    Create source sets of the source tree into
552                   RELEASEDIR/source/sets.
553
554     syspkgs       Create syspkgs from DESTDIR into
555                   RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/binary/syspkgs.  Should be run
556                   after ``make distribution'', as ``make build'' alone does
557                   not install all of the required files.
558
559     release       Do a ``make distribution'', build kernels, distribution
560                   media, and install sets (this as per ``make sets''), and
561                   then package the system into a standard release layout as
562                   described by release(7).  This requires that RELEASEDIR be
563                   set (see above).
564
565     iso-image     Create a NetBSD installation CD-ROM image in the
566                   RELEASEDIR/iso directory.  The CD-ROM file system will have
567                   a layout as described in release(7).
568
569                   For most machine types, the CD-ROM will be bootable, and
570                   will automatically run the sysinst(8) menu-based installa-
571                   tion program, which can be used to install or upgrade a
572                   NetBSD system.  Bootable CD-ROMs also contain tools that
573                   may be useful in repairing a damaged NetBSD installation.
574
575                   Before ``make iso-image'' is attempted, RELEASEDIR must be
576                   populated by ``make release'' or equivalent.
577
578                   Note that other, smaller, CD-ROM images may be created in
579                   the RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/installation/cdrom direc-
580                   tory by ``make release''.  These smaller images usually
581                   contain the same tools as the larger images in
582                   RELEASEDIR/iso, but do not contain additional content such
583                   as the distribution sets.
584
585                   Note that the mac68k port still uses an older method of
586                   creating CD-ROM images.  This requires the mkisofs(1) util-
587                   ity, which is not part of NetBSD, but which can be
588                   installed from pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools.
589
590     iso-image-source
591                   Create a NetBSD installation CD-ROM image in the
592                   RELEASEDIR/iso directory.  The CD-ROM file system will have
593                   a layout as described in release(7).  It will have top
594                   level directories for the machine type and source.
595
596                   For most machine types, the CD-ROM will be bootable, and
597                   will automatically run the sysinst(8) menu-based installa-
598                   tion program, which can be used to install or upgrade a
599                   NetBSD system.  Bootable CD-ROMs also contain tools that
600                   may be useful in repairing a damaged NetBSD installation.
601
602                   Before ``make iso-image-source'' is attempted, RELEASEDIR
603                   must be populated by ``make sourcesets release'' or equiva-
604                   lent.
605
606                   Note that other, smaller, CD-ROM images may be created in
607                   the RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/installation/cdrom direc-
608                   tory by ``make release''.  These smaller images usually
609                   contain the same tools as the larger images in
610                   RELEASEDIR/iso, but do not contain additional content such
611                   as the distribution sets.
612
613                   Note that the mac68k port still uses an older method of
614                   creating CD-ROM images.  This requires the mkisofs(1) util-
615                   ity, which is not part of NetBSD, but which can be
616                   installed from pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools.
617
618     regression-tests
619                   Can only be run after building the regression tests in the
620                   directory ``regress''.  Runs those compiled regression
621                   tests on the local host.  Note that most tests are now man-
622                   aged instead using atf(7); this target should probably run
623                   those as well but currently does not.
624
625   The "build.sh" script
626     This script file is a Bourne shell script designed to build the entire
627     NetBSD system on any host with a Bourne shell in /bin/sh, including many
628     that are not POSIX compliant.  Note that if a host system's /bin/sh is
629     unusually old and broken, the Korn Shell (/bin/ksh), if available, may be
630     a usable alternative.
631
632     All cross-compile builds, and most native builds, of the entire system
633     should make use of build.sh rather than just running ``make''.  This way,
634     the make(1) program will be bootstrapped properly, in case the host sys-
635     tem has an older or incompatible ``make'' program.
636
637     When compiling the entire system via build.sh, many make(1) variables are
638     set for you in order to help encapsulate the build process.  In the list
639     of options below, variables that are automatically set by build.sh are
640     noted where applicable.
641
642     The following operations are supported by build.sh:
643
644     build         Build the system as per ``make build''.  Before the main
645                   part of the build commences, this command runs the obj
646                   operation (unless the -o option is given), ``make
647                   cleandir'' (unless the -u option is given), and the tools
648                   operation.
649
650     distribution  Build a full distribution as per ``make distribution''.
651                   This command first runs the build operation.
652
653     release       Build a full release as per ``make release''.  This command
654                   first runs the distribution operation.
655
656     makewrapper   Create the nbmake-MACHINE wrapper.  This operation is auto-
657                   matically performed for any of the other operations.
658
659     cleandir      Perform ``make cleandir''.
660
661     obj           Perform ``make obj''.
662
663     tools         Build and install the host tools from src/tools.  This com-
664                   mand will first run ``make obj'' and ``make cleandir'' in
665                   the tools subdirectory unless the -o or -u options (respec-
666                   tively) are given.
667
668     install=idir  Install the contents of DESTDIR to idir, using ``make
669                   installworld''.  Note that files that are part of the
670                   ``etc'' or ``xetc'' sets will not be installed.
671
672     kernel=kconf  Build a new kernel.  The kconf argument is the name of a
673                   configuration file suitable for use by config(1).  If kconf
674                   does not contain any `/' characters, the configuration file
675                   is expected to be found in the KERNCONFDIR directory, which
676                   is typically sys/arch/MACHINE/conf.  The new kernel will be
677                   built in a subdirectory of KERNOBJDIR, which is typically
678                   sys/arch/MACHINE/compile or an associated object directory.
679
680                   This command does not imply the tools command; run the
681                   tools command first unless it is certain that the tools
682                   already exist and are up to date.
683
684                   This command will run ``make cleandir'' on the kernel in
685                   question first unless the -u option is given.
686
687     modules       This command will build kernel modules and install them
688                   into DESTDIR.
689
690     releasekernel=kconf
691                   Install a gzip(1)ed copy of the kernel previously built by
692                   kernel=kconf into
693                   RELEASEDIR/RELEASEMACHINEDIR/binary/kernel, usually as
694                   netbsd-kconf.gz, although the ``netbsd'' prefix is deter-
695                   mined from the ``config'' directives in kconf.
696
697     sets          Perform ``make sets''.
698
699     sourcesets    Perform ``make sourcesets''.
700
701     syspkgs       Perform ``make syspkgs''.
702
703     iso-image     Perform ``make iso-image''.
704
705     iso-image-source
706                   Perform ``make iso-image-source''.
707
708     The following command line options alter the behaviour of the build.sh
709     operations described above:
710
711     -a arch   Set the value of MACHINE_ARCH to arch.
712
713     -B buildid
714               Set the value of BUILDID to buildid.  This will also append the
715               build identifier to the name of the ``make'' wrapper script so
716               that the resulting name is of the form
717               ``nbmake-MACHINE-BUILDID''.
718
719     -C cdextras
720               Append cdextras to the CDEXTRA variable, which is a space-sepa-
721               rated list of files or directories that will be added to the
722               CD-ROM image that may be create by the ``iso-image'' or
723               ``iso-image-source'' operations.  Files will be added to the
724               root of the CD-ROM image, whereas directories will be copied
725               recursively.  If relative paths are specified, they will be
726               converted to absolute paths before being used.  Multiple paths
727               may be specified via multiple -C options, or via a single
728               option whose argument contains multiple space-separated paths.
729
730     -D dest   Set the value of DESTDIR to dest.  If a relative path is speci-
731               fied, it will be converted to an absolute path before being
732               used.
733
734     -E        Set `expert' mode.  This overrides various sanity checks, and
735               allows: DESTDIR does not have to be set to a non-root path for
736               builds, and MKUNPRIVED=yes does not have to be set when build-
737               ing as a non-root user.
738
739               Note: It is highly recommended that you know what you are doing
740               when you use this option.
741
742     -h        Print a help message.
743
744     -j njob   Run up to njob make(1) subjobs in parallel; passed through to
745               make(1).  If you see failures for reasons other than running
746               out of memory while using build.sh with -j, please save com-
747               plete build logs so the failures can be analyzed.
748
749               To achieve the fastest builds, -j values between (1 + the num-
750               ber of CPUs) and (2 * the number of CPUs) are recommended.  Use
751               lower values on machines with limited memory or I/O bandwidth.
752
753     -M obj    Set MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX to obj.  Unsets MAKEOBJDIR.  See ``-O
754               -obj'' for more information.
755
756               For instance, if the source directory is /usr/src, a setting of
757               ``-M /usr/obj'' will place build-time files under
758               /usr/obj/usr/src/bin, /usr/obj/usr/src/lib,
759               /usr/obj/usr/src/usr.bin, and so forth.
760
761               If a relative path is specified, it will be converted to an
762               absolute path before being used.  build.sh imposes the restric-
763               tion that the argument to the -M option must not begin with a
764               ``$'' (dollar sign) character; otherwise it would be too diffi-
765               cult to determine whether the value is an absolute or a rela-
766               tive path.  If the directory does not already exist, build.sh
767               will create it.
768
769     -m mach   Set the value of MACHINE to mach, except in some special cases
770               listed below.  This will also override any value of
771               MACHINE_ARCH in the process environment with a value deduced
772               from mach, unless -a is specified.  All cross builds require
773               -m, but if unset on a NetBSD host, the host's value of MACHINE
774               will be detected and used automatically.
775
776               Some machines support multiple values for MACHINE_ARCH.  The
777               following special cases for the mach argument are defined to
778               set the listed values of MACHINE and MACHINE_ARCH:
779
780                     mach          MACHINE    MACHINE_ARCH
781                     evbarm        evbarm     (not set)
782                     evbarm-eb     evbarm     armeb
783                     evbarm-el     evbarm     arm
784                     evbmips       evbmips    (not set)
785                     evbmips-eb    evbmips    mipseb
786                     evbmips-el    evbmips    mipsel
787                     evbsh3        evbsh3     (not set)
788                     evbsh3-eb     evbsh3     sh3eb
789                     evbsh3-el     evbsh3     sh3el
790                     sbmips        sbmips     (not set)
791                     sbmips-eb     sbmips     mipseb
792                     sbmips-el     sbmips     mipsel
793
794     -N noiselevel
795               Set the ``noisyness'' level of the build, by setting
796               MAKEVERBOSE to noiselevel.
797
798     -n        Show the commands that would be executed by build.sh, but do
799               not make any changes.  This is similar in concept to ``make
800               -n''.
801
802     -O obj    Create an appropriate transform macro for MAKEOBJDIR that will
803               place the built object files under obj.  Unsets
804               MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX.
805
806               For instance, a setting of ``-O /usr/obj'' will place build-
807               time files under /usr/obj/bin, /usr/obj/lib, /usr/obj/usr.bin,
808               and so forth.
809
810               If a relative path is specified, it will be converted to an
811               absolute path before being used.  build.sh imposes the restric-
812               tion that the argument to the -O option must not contain a
813               ``$'' (dollar sign) character.  If the directory does not
814               already exist, build.sh will create it.
815
816               In normal use, exactly one of the -M or -O options should be
817               specified.  If neither -M nor -O is specified, then a default
818               object directory will be chosen according to rules in
819               <bsd.obj.mk>.  Relying on this default is not recommended
820               because it is determined by complex rules that are influenced
821               by the values of several variables and by the location of the
822               source directory.
823
824     -o        Set the value of MKOBJDIRS to ``no''.  Otherwise, it will be
825               automatically set to ``yes''.  This default is opposite to the
826               behaviour when not using build.sh.
827
828     -R rel    Set the value of RELEASEDIR to rel.  If a relative path is
829               specified, it will be converted to an absolute path before
830               being used.
831
832     -r        Remove the contents of DESTDIR and TOOLDIR before building
833               (provides a clean starting point).  This will skip deleting
834               DESTDIR if building on a native system to the root directory.
835
836     -S seed   Change the value of BUILDSEED to seed.  This should rarely be
837               necessary.
838
839     -T tools  Set the value of TOOLDIR to tools.  If a relative path is spec-
840               ified, it will be converted to an absolute path before being
841               used.  If set, the bootstrap ``make'' will only be rebuilt if
842               the source files for make(1) have changed.
843
844     -U        Set MKUNPRIVED=yes.
845
846     -u        Set MKUPDATE=yes.
847
848     -V var=[value]
849               Set the environment variable var to an optional value.  This is
850               propagated to the nbmake wrapper.
851
852     -w wrapper
853               Create the nbmake wrapper script (see below) in a custom loca-
854               tion, specified by wrapper.  This allows, for instance, to
855               place the wrapper in PATH automatically.  Note that wrapper is
856               the full name of the file, not just a directory name.  If a
857               relative path is specified, it will be converted to an absolute
858               path before being used.
859
860     -X x11src
861               Set the value of X11SRCDIR to x11src.  If a relative path is
862               specified, it will be converted to an absolute path before
863               being used.
864
865     -x        Set MKX11=yes.
866
867     -Z var    Unset ("zap") the environment variable var.  This is propagated
868               to the nbmake wrapper.
869
870   The "nbmake-MACHINE" wrapper script
871     If using the build.sh script to build NetBSD, a nbmake-MACHINE script
872     will be created in TOOLDIR/bin upon the first build to assist in building
873     subtrees on a cross-compile host.
874
875     nbmake-MACHINE can be invoked in lieu of make(1), and will instead call
876     the up-to-date version of ``nbmake'' installed into TOOLDIR/bin with sev-
877     eral key variables pre-set, including MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR.
878     nbmake-MACHINE will also set variables specified with -V, and unset vari-
879     ables specified with -Z.
880
881     This script can be symlinked into a directory listed in PATH, or called
882     with an absolute path.
883
884EXAMPLES
885     1.   % ./build.sh [options] tools kernel=GENERIC
886
887          Build a new toolchain, and use the new toolchain to configure and
888          build a new GENERIC kernel.
889
890     2.   % ./build.sh [options] -U distribution
891
892          Using unprivileged mode, build a complete distribution to a DESTDIR
893          directory that build.sh selects (and will display).
894
895     3.   # ./build.sh [options] -U install=/
896
897          As root, install to / the distribution that was built by example 2.
898          Even though this is run as root, -U is required so that the permis-
899          sions stored in DESTDIR/METALOG are correctly applied to the files
900          as they're copied to /.
901
902     4.   % ./build.sh [options] -U -u release
903
904          Using unprivileged mode, build a complete release to DESTDIR and
905          RELEASEDIR directories that build.sh selects (and will display).
906          MKUPDATE=yes (-u) is set to prevent the ``make cleandir'', so that
907          if this is run after example 2, it doesn't need to redo that portion
908          of the release build.
909
910OBSOLETE VARIABLES
911     NBUILDJOBS  Use the make(1) option -j instead.
912
913     USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN
914                 The new toolchain is now the default.  To disable, use
915                 TOOLCHAIN_MISSING=yes.
916
917SEE ALSO
918     make(1), hier(7), release(7), etcupdate(8), postinstall(8), sysinst(8),
919     pkgsrc/sysutils/cdrtools
920
921HISTORY
922     The build.sh based build scheme was introduced for NetBSD 1.6 as
923     USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN, and re-worked to TOOLCHAIN_MISSING after that.
924
925NetBSD                         September 9, 2011                        NetBSD
926