1/* mpfr_log -- natural logarithm of a floating-point number 2 3Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 4Contributed by the Arenaire and Cacao projects, INRIA. 5 6This file is part of the GNU MPFR Library. 7 8The GNU MPFR Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 9it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by 10the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your 11option) any later version. 12 13The GNU MPFR Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but 14WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY 15or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public 16License for more details. 17 18You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License 19along with the GNU MPFR Library; see the file COPYING.LESSER. If not, see 20http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 2151 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */ 22 23#define MPFR_NEED_LONGLONG_H 24#include "mpfr-impl.h" 25 26/* The computation of log(x) is done using the formula : 27 if we want p bits of the result, 28 29 pi 30 log(x) ~ ------------ - m log 2 31 2 AG(1,4/s) 32 33 where s = x 2^m > 2^(p/2) 34 35 More precisely, if F(x) = int(1/sqrt(1-(1-x^2)*sin(t)^2), t=0..PI/2), 36 then for s>=1.26 we have log(s) < F(4/s) < log(s)*(1+4/s^2) 37 from which we deduce pi/2/AG(1,4/s)*(1-4/s^2) < log(s) < pi/2/AG(1,4/s) 38 so the relative error 4/s^2 is < 4/2^p i.e. 4 ulps. 39*/ 40 41int 42mpfr_log (mpfr_ptr r, mpfr_srcptr a, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode) 43{ 44 int inexact; 45 mpfr_prec_t p, q; 46 mpfr_t tmp1, tmp2; 47 mp_limb_t *tmp1p, *tmp2p; 48 MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_DECL (expo); 49 MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop); 50 MPFR_TMP_DECL(marker); 51 52 MPFR_LOG_FUNC (("a[%#R]=%R rnd=%d", a, a, rnd_mode), 53 ("r[%#R]=%R inexact=%d", r, r, inexact)); 54 55 /* Special cases */ 56 if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_IS_SINGULAR (a))) 57 { 58 /* If a is NaN, the result is NaN */ 59 if (MPFR_IS_NAN (a)) 60 { 61 MPFR_SET_NAN (r); 62 MPFR_RET_NAN; 63 } 64 /* check for infinity before zero */ 65 else if (MPFR_IS_INF (a)) 66 { 67 if (MPFR_IS_NEG (a)) 68 /* log(-Inf) = NaN */ 69 { 70 MPFR_SET_NAN (r); 71 MPFR_RET_NAN; 72 } 73 else /* log(+Inf) = +Inf */ 74 { 75 MPFR_SET_INF (r); 76 MPFR_SET_POS (r); 77 MPFR_RET (0); 78 } 79 } 80 else /* a is zero */ 81 { 82 MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_IS_ZERO (a)); 83 MPFR_SET_INF (r); 84 MPFR_SET_NEG (r); 85 MPFR_RET (0); /* log(0) is an exact -infinity */ 86 } 87 } 88 /* If a is negative, the result is NaN */ 89 else if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_IS_NEG (a))) 90 { 91 MPFR_SET_NAN (r); 92 MPFR_RET_NAN; 93 } 94 /* If a is 1, the result is 0 */ 95 else if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_GET_EXP (a) == 1 && mpfr_cmp_ui (a, 1) == 0)) 96 { 97 MPFR_SET_ZERO (r); 98 MPFR_SET_POS (r); 99 MPFR_RET (0); /* only "normal" case where the result is exact */ 100 } 101 102 q = MPFR_PREC (r); 103 104 /* use initial precision about q+lg(q)+5 */ 105 p = q + 5 + 2 * MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (q); 106 /* % ~(mpfr_prec_t)GMP_NUMB_BITS ; 107 m=q; while (m) { p++; m >>= 1; } */ 108 /* if (MPFR_LIKELY(p % GMP_NUMB_BITS != 0)) 109 p += GMP_NUMB_BITS - (p%GMP_NUMB_BITS); */ 110 111 MPFR_TMP_MARK(marker); 112 MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_MARK (expo); 113 114 MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, p); 115 for (;;) 116 { 117 mp_size_t size; 118 long m; 119 mpfr_exp_t cancel; 120 121 /* Calculus of m (depends on p) */ 122 m = (p + 1) / 2 - MPFR_GET_EXP (a) + 1; 123 124 /* All the mpfr_t needed have a precision of p */ 125 size = (p-1)/GMP_NUMB_BITS+1; 126 MPFR_TMP_INIT (tmp1p, tmp1, p, size); 127 MPFR_TMP_INIT (tmp2p, tmp2, p, size); 128 129 mpfr_mul_2si (tmp2, a, m, MPFR_RNDN); /* s=a*2^m, err<=1 ulp */ 130 mpfr_div (tmp1, __gmpfr_four, tmp2, MPFR_RNDN);/* 4/s, err<=2 ulps */ 131 mpfr_agm (tmp2, __gmpfr_one, tmp1, MPFR_RNDN); /* AG(1,4/s),err<=3 ulps */ 132 mpfr_mul_2ui (tmp2, tmp2, 1, MPFR_RNDN); /* 2*AG(1,4/s), err<=3 ulps */ 133 mpfr_const_pi (tmp1, MPFR_RNDN); /* compute pi, err<=1ulp */ 134 mpfr_div (tmp2, tmp1, tmp2, MPFR_RNDN); /* pi/2*AG(1,4/s), err<=5ulps */ 135 mpfr_const_log2 (tmp1, MPFR_RNDN); /* compute log(2), err<=1ulp */ 136 mpfr_mul_si (tmp1, tmp1, m, MPFR_RNDN); /* compute m*log(2),err<=2ulps */ 137 mpfr_sub (tmp1, tmp2, tmp1, MPFR_RNDN); /* log(a), err<=7ulps+cancel */ 138 139 if (MPFR_LIKELY (MPFR_IS_PURE_FP (tmp1) && MPFR_IS_PURE_FP (tmp2))) 140 { 141 cancel = MPFR_GET_EXP (tmp2) - MPFR_GET_EXP (tmp1); 142 MPFR_LOG_MSG (("canceled bits=%ld\n", (long) cancel)); 143 MPFR_LOG_VAR (tmp1); 144 if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (cancel < 0)) 145 cancel = 0; 146 147 /* we have 7 ulps of error from the above roundings, 148 4 ulps from the 4/s^2 second order term, 149 plus the canceled bits */ 150 if (MPFR_LIKELY (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (tmp1, p-cancel-4, q, rnd_mode))) 151 break; 152 153 /* VL: I think it is better to have an increment that it isn't 154 too low; in particular, the increment must be positive even 155 if cancel = 0 (can this occur?). */ 156 p += cancel >= 8 ? cancel : 8; 157 } 158 else 159 { 160 /* TODO: find why this case can occur and what is best to do 161 with it. */ 162 p += 32; 163 } 164 165 MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, p); 166 } 167 MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop); 168 inexact = mpfr_set (r, tmp1, rnd_mode); 169 /* We clean */ 170 MPFR_TMP_FREE(marker); 171 172 MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo); 173 return mpfr_check_range (r, inexact, rnd_mode); 174} 175