1<?xml version='1.0'?>
2<!DOCTYPE root [
3<!ENTITY % deftest '&lt;!ELEMENT test (#PCDATA) >' >
4<!ENTITY % defmiddle '&lt;!ELEMENT middle (test) >' >
5<!ENTITY % defroot '&lt;!ELEMENT root (middle) >' >
6%defroot;%defmiddle;%deftest;
7]>
8<root><middle><test>sample</test></middle></root>
9